New Perspective of Additive Manufacturing: From Materials to Processes and Algorithms of Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites.

High-strength and lightweight products have always been the dream of human beings, especially today when energy resources are increasingly depleted. Although additive manufacturing provides us with possibilities, for now, most researchers focus on reinforcing existing printing materials, improving printing processes, and updating algorithms to improve product performance. However, in the statistical classification of this work, these are only a small range of one kind of statistics. This work reviews the key factors of additive manufacturing from materials to processes and algorithms from a new perspective, to get rid of the inherent thinking mode and provide unique ideas. With the idea of "everything is printed," this article emulates nature's "make the most of everything." First, anisotropic materials and the solution of the weak interfacial properties are described. Second, the energy point of view through the process, in space (points, lines, planes, etc.), to summarize the classification and time division of series and parallel printing. Finally, the classification of current hierarchical printing algorithms and the expectation of future spatial printing algorithms are indicated. This article takes the key factors of continuous carbon fiber composite 3D printing as the main line, and provides certain reference for the future development of additive manufacturing from a new perspective.

Single-Step PECVD Synthesis of Graphene@Carbon Nanotubes Electrocatalyst.

Graphene (Gr) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the two intriguing carbon nanomaterials, have presented great potential in serving as high-performance electrocatalysts in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) chemistry. The concurrent management of both materials would achieve a promoted synergistic effect. Nevertheless, there still remains a lack of an effective material synthesis route. Herein, a single-step plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) strategy is devised to prepare Gr@CNTs heterostructures with strong bonded connections. In the PECVD system, the damaged sidewalls generated in CNT tubes can serve as appropriate nucleation sites for further Gr growth. The formation mechanisms are thoroughly explored in aspects of both experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations. To confirm the validity of this approach, thus-constructed Gr@CNTs architectures are employed as the sulfur host, enabling boosted redox kinetics of polysulfides. This project provides fundamental insight into the mechanism exploration for single-step PECVD growth of Gr@CNTs heterostructure, hence promoting the practical application prospect of carbon nanomaterials toward Li-S systems.

Multi-element (2H, 13C, 37Cl) isotope analysis to characterize reductive transformation of α-, ß-, γ-, and δ-HCH isomers by cobalamin and Fe0 nanoparticles.

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a typical persistent organic pollutant, poses a serious threat to both human health and the environment. The degradability of HCH isomers (α, ß, γ, and δ) varies significantly under anoxic aqueous conditions and the corresponding reductive transformation mechanisms remain elusive. This work employed multi-element (2H, 13C, 37Cl) stable isotope analysis to characterize the reductive dehalogenation mechanisms of HCH isomers using cobalamin (vitamin B12) reduced with Ti3+ and Fe0 nanoparticles. The isotopic fractionation of HCH isomers varied from -2.8 ± 0.5 to -7.0 ± 0.7 ‰ for carbon (εC), from not significant to -62.4 ± 5.2 ‰ for hydrogen (εH), and from -1.4 ± 0.2 to -4.7 ± 0.5 ‰ for chlorine (εCl), respectively. Dual C-Cl isotopic fractionation values (ΛC/Cl) for α-, ß-, γ- and δ-HCH during the transformation by B12 were determined to be 2.0 ± 0.2, 1.5 ± 0.2, 1.1 ± 0.1, and 1.9 ± 0.3, respectively. The ΛC/Cl values of ß- and δ-HCH in the reaction with Fe0 nanoparticles were found to be similar (1.9 ± 0.3 and 1.9 ± 0.2). However, the apparent kinetic isotope effect AKIEC/AKIECl values suggested that the bond cleavage mechanism of δ-HCH may differ from that of other isomers. The comparison of the angles θ by multi-element isotope plot showed a distinct differentiation between the pathways of anaerobic transformation of HCH isomers and aerobic pathways reported in the literature. Therefore, multi-element isotope analysis could offer a new perspective for characterizing the fate of HCH isomers.

From dysbiosis to homeostasis: Oleic acid matters in the vagina.

The role of fatty acids in shaping vaginal microbiota remains unclear. In an issue of Cell, Zhu et al. use genomic and transcriptomic analyses to reveal that oleic acid (OA) selectively inhibits L. iners while promoting L. crispatus, suggesting new strategies for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV).

PI3K/Akt pathway-mediated enhancement of bone and vascular regeneration by gelatin/hyaluronic acid/exosome composite scaffold in bone tissue engineering.

Tissue engineering (TE) is commonly suggested as a promising remedy for the worldwide shortage of organ donors required for transplantation. Scholars are investigating organic and biocompatible materials as the principal options for regeneration to replicate the natural extracellular matrix. Hydrogels exhibit swift gel formation and outstanding biocompatibility, thus presenting considerable promise in tissue regeneration. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of a novel biomaterial complex, comprising gelatin (Gel), hyaluronic acid (HA) and exosomes (Exo), in promoting bone regeneration and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism. The experimental results demonstrated that the Gel/HA/Exo complex could significantly enhance the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, as well as the deposition and mineralization of bone matrix. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that TGF-ß in exosomes enhanced the biological activity of osteoblasts by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, thus promoting the fracture healing process. The results of in vivo experiments indicated that the application of Gel/HA/Exo complexes significantly accelerated the fracture healing rate and improved the quality of healing, exhibiting good biocompatibility and controlled degradation properties. Consequently, the present study concluded that the Gel/HA/Exo complex not only has potential clinical applications, but also provides an important theoretical and experimental basis for the development of novel bone regeneration therapeutic strategies.

Effectiveness of specialist nurse-led WeChat mini program management for disease control in asthma: A randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in childhood, requiring effective management strategies. PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led WeChat Mini Program in managing asthma among children aged 6 to 11 years. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial adhered to the CONSORT checklist and was conducted at a tertiary hospital in China from January 2023 to August 2023. One hundred and eight children with asthma were randomly assigned to two groups, and 81 children completed the 6-month follow-up. All participants received asthma management from specialist nurses, including routine treatments such as inhaled corticosteroids. The experimental group also utilized the WeChat Mini Program for asthma management. Both groups underwent follow-up assessments at 3 and 6 months post-enrollment, which included the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), asthma control levels, frequency of exacerbations, and lung function. RESULTS: At 3 and 6 months, the experimental group showed significantly higher C-ACT scores and a lower exacerbation frequency compared to the control group (p < 0.05). While Peak Expiratory Flow improved, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second Percentage Predicted (FEV1%) and FEV1/FVC did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The WeChat Mini Program significantly improved asthma control and reduced exacerbations but did not substantially enhance all lung function parameters. Further research is required to confirm its long-term effects. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: Incorporating a specialist nurse-led digital management tool, such as the WeChat Mini Program, into standard pediatric asthma care may offer an effective management strategy.

Omadacycline for Diverse Infections in China: A Real-World Analysis of Efficacy and Safety.

INTRODUCTION: The efficacy and safety of omadacycline have been primarily documented through Phase III clinical trials; however, there are limited data from real-world clinical settings. This study aims to explore the real-world use of omadacycline in China and identify the factors associated with its efficacy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records for patients treated with omadacycline at a single center from March 2022 to March 2024. We analyzed demographic characteristics, laboratory results, antibiotic regimens, and clinical outcomes. Logistic regression was employed to identify risk factors associated with clinical treatment failure or failure of microbial clearance. RESULTS: A total of 183 patients were included in the final analysis. Clinical success was achieved in 71.0% (130/183) of patients, with a bacterial clearance rate of 61.9% (26/42). Renal impairment was observed in 20.8% (38/183) of patients, with 39.5% (15/38) of these patients receiving nephrotoxic antibiotic treatments. Noteworthy adverse drug reactions were rare during the course of the treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several independent factors associated with treatment failure: moderate to severe liver damage (OR: 3.073, 95% CI 1.345-7.021, p = 0.008), admission to the respiratory department (OR: 2.573, 95% CI 1.135-5.834, p = 0.024), and a duration of omadacycline therapy of less than 7 days (OR: 3.762, 95% CI 1.626-8.706, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that omadacycline treatment can achieve favorable clinical success and bacterial clearance, with positive safety and tolerability outcomes. However, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these initial findings.

Impact of Viruses on Prokaryotic Communities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agricultural Soils.

Viruses are abundant and ubiquitous in soil, but their importance in modulating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in terrestrial ecosystems remains largely unknown. Here, various loads of viral communities are introduced into paddy soils with different fertilization histories via a reciprocal transplant approach to study the role of viruses in regulating greenhouse gas emissions and prokaryotic communities. The results showed that the addition of viruses has a strong impact on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and, to a minor extent, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, along with dissolved carbon and nitrogen pools, depending on soil fertilization history. The addition of a high viral load resulted in a decrease in microbial biomass carbon (MBC) by 31.4%, with changes in the relative abundance of 16.6% of dominant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in comparison to control treatments. More specifically, large effects of viral pressure are observed on some specific microbial communities with decreased relative abundance of prokaryotes that dissimilate sulfur compounds and increased relative abundance of Nanoarchaea. Structural equation modeling further highlighted the differential direct and indirect effects of viruses on CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions. These findings underpin the understanding of the complex microbe-virus interactions and advance current knowledge on soil virus ecology.

Sinulariapeptide F, a new peptide from culture broth of marine-derived fungus Simplicillium sp. SCSIO 41222.

One new compound named sinulariapeptide F (1) together with one known butyrolactone (2) and seven known peptides (3-9) were isolated from the fungus Simplicillium sp. SCSIO 41222. Their structures and absolute configurations were established using HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC) and marfey's method. All of these compounds were assessed their inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pancreatic lipase (PL). Compounds 4 and 6 were selected to test for the inhibitory activity against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/ programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). The results indicated that compound 4 displayed potent inhibition activity against PD-1/ PD-L1 with an IC50 value of 0.656 µM. Furthermore, the docking analysis demonstrated the interactions between 4 and proteins, suggesting PD-L1 to be a probable target for compound 4.

ZmKTF1 promotes salt tolerance by mediating RNA-directed DNA methylation in maize.

The epigenetic process of RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) regulates the expression of genes and transposons. However, little is known about the involvement of RdDM in the response of maize (Zea mays) to salt stress. Here, we isolated a salt-sensitive maize mutant and cloned the underlying gene, which encodes KOW DOMAIN-CONTAINING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (KTF1), an essential component of the RdDM pathway. Evolutionary analysis identified two homologs of KTF1 (ZmKTF1A and ZmKTF1B) with highly similar expression patterns. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing revealed that mutations in ZmKTF1 substantially decrease genome-wide CHH (H = A, C, or T) methylation levels. Moreover, our findings suggest that ZmKTF1-mediated DNA methylation regulates the expression of multiple key genes involved in oxidoreductase activity upon exposure to salt, concomitant with increased levels of reactive oxygen species. In addition, insertion-deletion mutations (InDels) in the promoter of ZmKTF1 affect its expression, thereby altering Na+ concentrations in seedlings in a natural maize population. Therefore, ZmKTF1 might represent an untapped epigenetic resource for improving salt tolerance in maize. Overall, our work demonstrates the critical role of ZmKTF1 involved in the RdDM pathway in maize salt tolerance.

Proton Pump Inhibitors and Oral-Gut Microbiota: From Mechanism to Clinical Significance.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are some of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide, but there are increasing concerns about digestive complications linked to PPIs. Next-generation sequencing studies have suggested that PPIs can significantly affect the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn may substantially contribute to the development of these complications. Recently, emerging evidence has suggested that the translocation of oral microbes into the gut may be the primary mechanism underlying the alterations in the gut microbiota induced by PPIs in the presence of gastric acid suppression and impaired oral-gut barrier function. Moreover, the significance of oral-gut microbial translocation in health and disease conditions has gained increasing recognition. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance our understanding of the functions of the oral-gut microbiota axis in digestive disorders associated with PPI therapies. This review aims to summarize current research findings and further elucidate the contribution of the oral-gut microbiota to the pathogenesis of PPI-related digestive diseases. We aim to provide a theoretical foundation for future therapeutic and preventive strategies targeting PPI-related digestive complications through modulation of the oral-gut microbiota.

Activated sympathetic nerve post stroke downregulates Toll-like receptor 5 and disrupts the gut mucosal barrier.

The gut permeability significantly increases after ischemic stroke, partly due to disrupted mucosal barrier, but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we found that the mucus disruption starts at 2 h post stroke, whereas goblet cell functions remain intact. Meanwhile, the flagellated bacteria Helicobacter thrives and penetrates in the mucus layer. Elimination of the mucosal microbiota or transplantation of Helicobacter in germ-free mice reveals an important role of the mucosal microbiota in mucus disruption. The bacterial invasion is due to downregulated Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and its downstream products flagellin-specific IgA and antimicrobial peptides. Knockdown of intestinal TLR5 increases the abundance of flagellated bacteria and exacerbates mucus injury. Intestinal TLR5 is downregulated by the activation of sympathetic nerve. Serum noradrenaline level is positively associated with flagellin level in patients with stroke and patients' prognosis. These findings reveal a neural pathway in which the sympathetic nerve disrupts the mucosal barrier, providing potential therapeutic targets for stroke injury.

Effects of yeast ß-glucan on gelatinization, structure and digestibility of potato starch.

BACKGROUND: Potato starch (PS) is widely used in food, but its application is limited because of its poor heat resistance and easy aging. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt some modification methods to improve its performance and expand its application range. RESULTS: To improve these shortcomings of PS, the effect of yeast ß-glucan (YG) at different concentrations (0%, 1%, 2% and 3%, w/v) on the gelatinization, structure and in vitro digestive properties of PS were investigated. The interaction of YG with PS was different because of different molecular weights. The addition of YG reduced the peak viscosity and increased the final viscosity of PS. YG made the texture of PS gel softer, and the effect of low molecular weight YG was more obvious. YG enhanced the thermal stability of PS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that YG and PS interacted through hydrogen bonds. In addition, YG reduced the digestibility of PS in vitro. CONCLUSION: Collectively, the addition of ß-glucan to PS can serve as a new approach to enhance the technological properties of PS in food applications. These results will provide theoretical basis for PS to develop into functional food. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Evolution, Gene Duplication, and Expression Pattern Analysis of CrRLK1L Gene Family in Zea mays (L.).

Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) plays pivotal roles in regulating plant growth and development, mediating intercellular signal transduction, and modulating responses to environmental stresses. However, a comprehensive genome-wide identification and analysis of the CrRLK1L gene family in maize remains elusive. In this study, a total of 24 CrRLK1L genes were identified in the maize whole genome. A phylogenetic analysis further revealed that CrRLK1L proteins from Arabidopsis, rice, and maize were grouped into nine distinct subgroups, with subgroup IV being unique to maize. Gene structure analysis demonstrated that the number of introns varied greatly among ZmCrRLK1L genes. Notably, the genome-wide duplication (WGD) events promoted the expansion of the ZmCrRLK1L gene family. Compared with Arabidopsis, there were more collinear gene pairs between maize and rice. Tissue expression patterns indicated that ZmCrRLK1L genes are widely expressed in various tissues, with ZmCrRLK1L5/9 specifically highly expressed in roots, and ZmCrRLK1L8/14/16/21/22 expressed in anthers. Additionally, RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that the expression of ZmCrRLK1L1/2/20/22 genes exhibited different expression patterns under drought and salt stresses. In summary, our study lays a foundation for elucidating the biological roles of ZmCrRLK1L genes in maize growth and development, reproductive development, and stress responses.

Prediction of Biochar Adsorption of Uranium in Wastewater and Inversion of Key Influencing Parameters Based on Ensemble Learning.

With the rapid development of industrialization, the problem of heavy metal wastewater treatment has become increasingly serious, posing a serious threat to the environment and human health. Biochar shows great potential for application in the field of wastewater treatment; however, biochars prepared from different biomass sources and experimental conditions have different physicochemical properties, resulting in differences in their adsorption capacity for uranium, which limits their wide application in wastewater treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to deeply explore and optimize the key parameter settings of biochar to significantly improve its adsorption capacity. This paper combines the nonlinear mapping capability of SCN and the ensemble learning advantage of the Adaboost algorithm based on existing experimental data on wastewater treatment. The accuracy of the model is evaluated by metrics such as coefficient of determination (R2) and error rate. It was found that the Adaboost-SCN model showed significant advantages in terms of prediction accuracy, precision, model stability and generalization ability compared to the SCN model alone. In order to further improve the performance of the model, this paper combined Adaboost-SCN with maximum information coefficient (MIC), random forest (RF) and energy valley optimizer (EVO) feature selection methods to construct three models, namely, MIC-Adaboost-SCN, RF-Adaboost-SCN and EVO-Adaboost-SCN. The results show that the prediction model with added feature selection is significantly better than the Adaboost-SCN model without feature selection in each evaluation index, and EVO has the most significant effect on feature selection. Finally, the correlation between biochar adsorption properties and production parameters was discussed through the inversion study of key parameters, and optimal parameter intervals were proposed to improve the adsorption properties. Providing strong support for the wide application of biochar in the field of wastewater treatment helps to solve the urgent environmental problem of heavy metal wastewater treatment.

Bioactive mesoporous silica materials-assisted cancer immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy is initially envisioned as a powerful approach to train immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and lymphoid tissues to elicit strong anti-tumor responses. However, clinical cancer immunotherapy still faces challenges, such as limited immunogenicity and insufficient immune response. Leveraging the advantages of mesoporous silica (MS) materials in controllable drug and immunomodulator release, recent efforts have focused on engineering MS with intrinsic immunoregulatory functions to promote robust, systemic, and safe anti-tumor responses. This review discusses advances in bioactive MS materials that address the challenges of immunotherapy. Beyond their role in on-demand delivery and drug release in response to the TME, we highlight the intrinsic functions of bioactive MS in orchestrating localized immune responses by inducing immunogenic cell death in tumor cells, modulating immune cell activity, and facilitating tumor-immune cell interactions. Additionally, we emphasize the advantages of bioactive MS in recruiting and activating immune cells within lymphoid tissues to initiate anti-tumor vaccination. The review also covers the challenges of MS-assisted immunotherapy, potential solutions, and future outlooks. With a deeper understanding of material-bio interactions, the rational design of MS with sophisticated bioactivities and controllable responsiveness holds great promise for enhancing the outcomes of personalized immunotherapy.

Carrier frequency and incidence estimation of deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 in the Chinese population based on massive exome sequencing data.

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease characterised by early onset stroke, recurrent fever, and diverse vascular pathologies, caused by loss-of-function homozygous or compound heterozygous variants of ADA2. This research aimed to determine the carrier frequency and expected incidence of DADA2 in China, using massive exome sequencing (ES) data. A total of 50 likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants (LP/PVs) were identified among 69,413 Chinese individuals, including 20 novel and rare variants (<0.0022 % allele frequency), expanding the known spectrum of PVs in ADA2. The overall carrier frequency in the Chinese population was 1.05 % (732/69,413) and the estimated incidence of DADA2 was approximately one in 92,251 individuals. The present study provides an accurate estimation of the prevalence of DADA2 in China, supporting genetic counseling, early diagnosis treatment, and prognostic evaluation.

Conversion therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Advances and challenges.

Recently, the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology published an article entitled "Pathologically successful conversion hepatectomy for advanced giant hepatocellular carcinoma after multidisciplinary therapy: A case report and review of the literature", in which the authors shared their successful experience with complete surgical resection after multidisciplinary conversion therapy. The study by Chu et al demonstrates the great challenges that the advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses to surgical oncology, reveals the complexity of conversion therapy for unresectable HCC, emphasizes the important role of a multidisciplinary management model in conversion therapy, and enriches our understanding of the dynamics of personalized treatment for different patients. At present, conversion therapy is a hot research topic in the treatment of unresectable HCC, which has brought new hope to many patients with moderately advanced HCC. However, there are still many urgent problems to be solved in conversion therapy. Here, we would like to further discuss the advances and challenges of conversion therapy for unresectable HCC with the authors and the general readers.

Impacts of chronic diseases and multimorbidity on health-related quality of life among community-dwelling elderly individuals in economically developed China: evidence from cross-sectional survey across three urban centers.

OBJECTIVE: As the ageing process in China further accelerates and the average life expectancy increases, chronic disease prevalence and multimorbidity rates are constantly rising, especially among elderly individuals. However, few previous studies have explored the impacts of chronic diseases and multimorbidity on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to investigate this association among community-dwelling elderly individuals in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in communities in three cities (Suzhou, Qingdao, and Guangzhou). The basic characteristics, chronic diseases and HRQoL of participants were collected, and HRQoL was measured by the EuroQol 5-Dimensions 3-Level version (EQ-5D-3L). Logistic regression, Tobit regression and generalized linear models were used to assess the impacts of chronic diseases and multimorbidity on HRQoL. RESULTS: Approximately 83.2 percent of the 1,218 respondents had chronic conditions, with 30 percent having multimorbidity. After controlling for sociodemographic and health behaviour factors, patients with stroke were more likely to report problems in all five dimensions of the EQ-5D and had a lower EQ-5D utility index (UI) (b = -0.342) than patients with other chronic conditions. Patients with chronic pulmonary obstruction had a lower EuroQol Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) (b = -11.169) than patients with other chronic conditions. Furthermore, patients with multimorbidity had worse HRQoL (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both chronic condition probability and multimorbidity rates were high among Chinese community-dwelling elderly individuals. Different disease types had varying degrees of impact on HRQoL, and patients with multimorbidity had worse HRQoL. This study proposes that the government enhance the quality of life of community-dwelling elderly individuals with multimorbidity by establishing long-term care insurance and expanding comprehensive community-based home health care services.

Ginkgo Flavone Aglycone Ameliorates Atherosclerosis via Inhibiting Endothelial Pyroptosis by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway.

Natural antioxidants have been shown to be effective against atherosclerosis. Ginkgo flavone aglycone (GA) has strong antioxidant properties and can protect against endothelial damage. However, the mechanisms by which GA protects against atherosclerosis remain largely unexplored. This study hopes to find the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of GA. ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet were used for modeling atherosclerosis. The efficacy of GA on mice with atherosclerosis was evaluated based on the following indicators: Oil Red O staining, Masson staining, lipid content, and apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and propidium iodide staining were used to analyze the effects of GA on ox-LDL-treated human aortic endothelial cells. GA activated Nrf2 by promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, thereby inhibiting endothelial pyroptosis. GA prevented endothelial pyroptosis suppressed oxidative stress, and inhibited the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice fed high-fat diets. At the cellular level, GA suppressed ox-LDL-induced pyroptosis of HAECs by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, siRNA targeting Nrf2 or ML385, an Nrf2 inhibitor, reversed these effects. GA liberated Nrf2 from Keap1 sequestration, enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the transcription of downstream antioxidant proteins, reinforced the antioxidant defense system, and inhibited oxidative stress, thereby preventing endothelial cell pyroptosis, and attenuating the progression of atherosclerosis. This study indicated that GA mitigated endothelial pyroptosis by modulating Keap1/Nrf2 interactions, shedding light on the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of natural antioxidants against atherosclerosis.