Microenvironment-responsive nanosystems for ischemic stroke therapy.

Ischemic stroke, a common neurological disorder caused by impaired blood supply to the brain, presents a therapeutic challenge. Conventional treatments like thrombolysis and neuroprotection drugs lack ideal drug delivery systems, limiting their effectiveness. Selectively delivering therapies to the ischemic cerebral tissue holds great potential for preventing and/or treating ischemia-related pathological symptoms. The unique pathological microenvironment of the brain after ischemic stroke, characterized by hypoxia, acidity, and inflammation, offers new possibilities for targeted drug delivery. Pathological microenvironment-responsive nanosystems, extensively investigated in tumors with hypoxia-responsive systems as an example, could also respond to the ischemic cerebral microenvironment and achieve brain-targeted drug delivery and release. These emerging nanosystems are gaining traction for ischemic stroke treatment. In this review, we expound on the cerebral pathological microenvironment and clinical treatment strategies of ischemic stroke, highlight various stimulus-responsive materials employed in constructing ischemic stroke microenvironment-responsive nano delivery systems, and discuss the application of these microenvironment-responsive nanosystems in microenvironment regulation for ischemic stroke treatment.

DLK1 regulates periodontal inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB p65 and JNK signaling pathways.

The roles and molecular mechanisms of Delta-like 1 (DLK1) in periodontitis remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the expression of DLK1 and NF-κB p65 in Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg.)-induced periodontitis in vivo. Periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption were analyzed using western blotting, micro-computed tomography, TRAP staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Raw246.7 cells were stimulated with 1 µg/ml Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg.LPS) to assess DLK1 expression in vitro. DLK1 overexpression was achieved, and transfection efficiency was confirmed using western blotting and immunofluorescence. The NF-κB and MAPK pathways were activated by treating cells with 1 µg/ml Pg.LPS to explore related mechanisms. Compared with normal tissues, both DLK1 and NF-κB p65 expression increased in periodontitis gingival tissues. DLK1-positive expression was observed in inflammatory infiltrating cells and osteoclasts in the marginal lacunae of the alveolar bone. DLK1 expression in CD68-positive macrophages was detected by immunofluorescence. However, DLK1 expression in Raw246.7 cells decreased after Pg.LPS stimulation and during osteoclast differentiation. DLK1 levels negatively correlated with TNF-α, IL-1ß, and NFATC1. Increased DLK1 in Raw246.7 cells further inhibited COX2 and iNOS expressions. Mechanistically, DLK1 overexpression down-regulated NF-κB p65 and JNK levels. In summary, these findings suggest that DLK1 overexpression inhibits periodontal inflammation through the NF-κB p65 and JNK pathways. Interventions targeting increased DLK1 levels may have therapeutic implications for periodontitis.

Infliximab inhibits TNF-α-dependent activation of the NLRP3/IL-1ß pathway in acne inversa.

Background: Acne inversa (AI) is a refractory inflammatory skin disease, and TNF-α plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AI. By blocking TNF-α, infliximab (IFX) has been proven to be a promising method. Objectives: To explore the underlying mechanisms of IFX treatment in AI patients. Methods: In this research, we integrated transcriptome sequencing data from the samples of our patients with AI and the GEO database. Ex vivo skin culture of AI patients was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of IFX treatment. Animal studies and cell experiments were used to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of IFX treatment. Results: Both TNF-α and NLRP3 inflammasome-related pathways were enriched in skin lesions of AI patients and murine AI models. After IFX treatment, the NLRP3 inflammasome-related pathway was effectively blocked, and the IL-1ß level was normalized in ex vivo AI skin explants and murine AI models. Mechanistically, IFX suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway to lower the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1ß in keratinocytes. Conclusions: IFX treatment alleviated skin lesions in murine AI models and downregulated NLRP3 and IL-1ß expression levels by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, which was helpful for understanding the mechanism of IFX therapy.

Examining High-Risk Factors for Sleep Disorders in Depressed Patients: Evaluating the Impact of Psychological Interventions on Sleep Quality and Mental Well-Being.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with sleep disorders in patients suffering from depression and investigate the efficacy of psychological interventions in improving these conditions. Methods: A comparative observational study was conducted and a cohort of 162 patients aged 18 to 68, admitted to outpatient or inpatient departments between October 2022 and August 2023, were included in the study. All patients were diagnosed with depression according to the ICD-10 criteria. The patients were divided into two groups: experimental group 1 received cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) psychological intervention, while experimental group 2 received conventional psychological treatment. Various parameters, including Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (Ham-A), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), marital status, and occupation, were assessed and compared between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify risk factors for sleep disorders in depressed patients. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was utilized to evaluate sleep quality. Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed that depression severity, anxiety levels, subjective social support, and occupational status were significant risk factors for sleep disorders in depressed patients (P < .05). Following intervention, both groups exhibited a significant decrease in PSQI, SAS, and SDS scores, with experimental group 1 demonstrating significantly lower PSQI scores compared to experimental group 2 (P < .05). Moreover, experimental group 1 displayed significantly lower SAS and SDS scores compared to experimental group 2 (P < .05). Conclusions: The severity of depression, anxiety levels, subjective social support, and occupational status contribute to the risk of sleep disorders in depressed patients. Implementing psychological interventions for depressed patients with sleep disorders can effectively improve sleep quality, alleviate anxiety, and enhance overall psychological well-being. These interventions represent a valuable approach to manage depression and comorbid sleep disorders.

Mixed uncertainty analysis on pumping by peristaltic hearts using Dempster-Shafer theory.

In this paper, we introduce the numerical strategy for mixed uncertainty propagation based on probability and Dempster-Shafer theories, and apply it to the computational model of peristalsis in a heart-pumping system. Specifically, the stochastic uncertainty in the system is represented with random variables while epistemic uncertainty is represented using non-probabilistic uncertain variables with belief functions. The mixed uncertainty is propagated through the system, resulting in the uncertainty in the chosen quantities of interest (QoI, such as flow volume, cost of transport and work). With the introduced numerical method, the uncertainty in the statistics of QoIs will be represented using belief functions. With three representative probability distributions consistent with the belief structure, global sensitivity analysis has also been implemented to identify important uncertain factors and the results have been compared between different peristalsis models. To reduce the computational cost, physics constrained generalized polynomial chaos method is adopted to construct cheaper surrogates as approximations for the full simulation.

The effect of white grub (Maladera Verticalis) larvae feeding on rhizosphere microbial characterization of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Puer City, Yunnan Province, China.

BACKGROUND: Rhizosphere microorganisms are vital in plants' growth and development and these beneficial microbes are recruited to the root-zone soil when experiencing various environmental stresses. However, the effect of white grub (Maladera verticalis) larvae feeding on the structure and function of rhizosphere microbial communities of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) is unclear. RESULTS: In this study, we compared physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial communities using 18 samples under healthy and M. verticalis larvae-feeding aerobic rice rhizosphere soils at the Yunnan of China. 16 S rRNA and ITS amplicons were sequenced using Illumina high throughput sequencing. M. verticalis larvae feeding on aerobic rice can influence rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities, which also change rhizosphere microbial communities. The healthy and M. verticalis larvae-feeding aerobic rice rhizosphere soil microorganisms had distinct genus signatures, such as possible_genus_04 and Knoellia genera in healthy aerobic rice rhizosphere soils and norank_f__SC - I-84 and norank_f__Roseiflexaceae genera in M. verticalis larvae-feeding aerobic rice rhizosphere soils. The pathway of the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides and carbohydrate metabolism in rhizosphere bacteria were significantly decreased after M. verticalis larvae feeding. Fungal parasite-wood saprotroph and fungal parasites were significantly decreased after M. verticalis larvae feeding, and plant pathogen-wood saprotroph and animal pathogen-undefined saprotroph were increased after larvae feeding. Additionally, the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium and Talaromyces genera gradually increased with the elevation of the larvae density. Bacterial and fungal communities significantly correlated with soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results we provide new insight for understanding the adaptation of aerobic rice to M. verticalis larvae feeding via regulating the rhizosphere environment, which would allow us to facilitate translation to more effective measures.

Association between statin use and acute pulmonary embolism in intensive care unit patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a life-threatening medical condition that is frequently encountered and associated with significant incidence and mortality rates, posing a substantial threat to patients' well-being and quality of life. Sepsis is prominent independent risk factor for the development of APE. Despite recent investigations indicating a reduced APE risk through statin therapy, its impact on patients with sepsis and APE remains unresolved. Methods: The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database was utilized to identify patients diagnosed with sepsis and APE, irrespective of statin treatment status, as part of this study. The primary study aim was to assess the risk of APE, which was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: The study encompassed a total of 16,633 participants, with an average age of 64.8 ± 16.2 years. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that septic patients receiving statin therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU) exhibited a 33% reduction in the risk of developing APE (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.52-0.86, p < 0.001). The findings of further analyses, including stratification based on statin usage, dosage, and propensity score matching, consistently reinforced the hypothesis that administering statins to patients with sepsis effectively mitigates their potential APE risk. Discussion: The results of the study provide compelling evidence in favor of administering statins to septic patients as a prophylactic measure against APE, given that statins may reduce the risk of developing APE, and their anti-APE effect appears to be dose-dependent. Nonetheless, future randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these results.

Combined MRI-TRUS fusion targeted and systematic biopsy versus systematic biopsy alone for the detection of prostate cancer: protocol for a prospective single-centre trial.

INTRODUCTION: The classic way of diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa) is by conducting the 12-core systematic biopsy (SB). However, it has a low detection rate for clinically significant PCa (csPCa) and can lead to the detection of clinically insignificant PCa (cisPCa). Although MRI-transrectal ultrasound (MRI-TRUS) fusion targeted biopsy (TB) can effectively improve the detection rate of csPCa, it may still miss some cases. Therefore, we propose using a combination of TB and SB methods to enhance the detection rate of csPCa while minimising the detection rate of cisPCa. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study is a prospective, single-centre investigation that aims to assess and compare the detection rate of csPCa using MRI-TRUS fusion TB combined with SB versus TRUS 12-core SB alone. Biopsy-naïve men with suspected PCa will be subjected to multiparametric MRI. Patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (V.2.1) score ≥3 will be enrolled in the TB-SB combination group. The sample size is established as 660 participants, considering a 10% drop-out rate. The primary outcome is the detection rate of csPCa in men without prior biopsy using MRI-TRUS fusion TB combined with the standard TRUS-guided 12-core SB method. CsPCa will be defined as International Society of Urological Pathology Grade ≥2. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee at the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, an affiliated hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine. The research results will be published in a peer-reviewed international journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2000036089.

Preparation of biocompatibility coating on magnesium alloy surface by sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel.

Magnesium alloy is an excellent material for biodegradable cerebrovascular stents. However, the rapid degradation rate of magnesium alloy will make stent unstable. To improve the biocompatibility of magnesium alloy, in this study, biodegradable sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan (SA/CMCS) was used to coat onto hydrothermally treated the surface of magnesium alloy by a dipping coating method. The results show that the SA/CMCS coating facilitates the growth, proliferation, and migration of endothelial cells and promotes neovascularization. Moreover, the SA/CMCS coating suppresses macrophage activation while promoting their transformation into M2 type macrophages. Overall, the SA/CMCS coating demonstrates positive effects on the safety and biocompatibility of magnesium alloy after implantation, and provide a promising therapy for the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in the future.

4-Octyl itaconate promotes alveolar ridge preservation following tooth extraction.

The search for medications that can effectively reduce alveolar bone loss following tooth extraction is of great interest. This study aimed to observe the roles of 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in vitro. Mandibular second molars were extracted to evaluate whether 4-OI could alleviate alveolar bone loss. 4-OI inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and promoted Nrf2 expression in bone marrow macrophages in vitro. Positive Nrf2 expressions were observed in inflammatory cells and osteoclasts in vivo. Treatment with 4-octyl itaconate increased Nrf2 expression, resulting in reduced inflammatory infiltration and osteoclastic activity after tooth extraction. Furthermore, increased expression of OCN and enhanced-alveolar bone healing of extraction socket were observed in the 4-OI group compared to the control group. Our results suggested that 4-OI could serve as a promising pharmacologic candidate for alveolar ridge preservation by alleviating alveolar bone loss following tooth extraction in rats.

Longitudinal relationships among sociocultural pressure for body image, self-concept clarity, and emotional well-being in adolescents.

INTRODUCTION: This study examined the longitudinal relationships among sociocultural pressure for body image (SPBI), self-concept clarity (SCC), and emotional well-being (EWB) at both the between- and within-person levels. METHODS: The participants were 2001 Chinese adolescents (age range 11-24, 42.9% males). Recruitment of participants occurred for 1 year across three waves (i.e., 6 months apart across three cohorts). The baseline and follow-up questionnaire surveys were utilized to assess SPBI, SCC, EWB, and background variables. Longitudinal associations between the above main variables were tested using a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and multilevel regression analysis. RESULTS: The CLPM and multilevel-model analysis showed that SCC longitudinally mediated the relationships between SPBI and EWB. Besides, gender and age were considered moderators in the associations among SPBI, SCC, and EWB. CONCLUSIONS: SCC could be an underlying mechanism for the longitudinal relationship between SPBI and EWB among Chinese adolescents, which provides a potential intervention target for improving adolescents' well-being from a sociocultural framework.

Discovery and Potential Functional Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs Associated with Familial Acne Inversa with NCSTN Mutation.

BACKGROUND: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with many dermatologic diseases. However, little is known about the regulatory function of lncRNAs in familial acne inversa (AI) patients with nicastrin (NCSTN) mutation. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory function of lncRNAs in familial AI patients with NCSTN mutation. METHODS: The expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in skin tissues from familial AI patients with NCSTN mutation and healthy individuals were analysed in this study via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). RESULTS: In total, 359 lncRNAs and 1,863 mRNAs were differentially expressed between the two groups. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the dysregulated mRNAs targeted by lncRNAs were mainly associated with the immune regulation, Staphylococcus aureus infection and B cell receptor signalling pathways. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA coexpression network contained 265 network pairs comprising 55 dysregulated lncRNAs, 11 miRNAs, and 74 mRNAs. Conservation analysis of the differentially expressed lncRNAs between familial AI patients with NCSTN mutation and Ncstn keratinocyte-specific knockout (NcstnΔKC) mice identified 6 lncRNAs with sequence conservation; these lncRNAs may participate in apoptosis, proliferation, and skin barrier function. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide a direction for exploring the regulatory mechanisms underlying the progression of familial AI patients with NCSTN mutation.

Vascular stability of brain arteriovenous malformations after partial embolization.

INTRODUCTION: Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) might have a higher risk of rupture after partial embolization, and previous studies have shown that some metrics of vascular stability are related to bAVM rupture risk. OBJECTIVE: To analyze vascular stability of bAVM in patients after partial embolization. METHODS: Twenty-four patients who underwent partial embolization were classified into the short-term, medium-term, and long-term groups, according to the time interval between partial embolization and surgery. The control group consisted of 9 bAVM patients who underwent surgery alone. Hemodynamic changes after partial embolization were measured by angiogram. The inflammatory infiltrates and cell-cell junctions were evaluated by MMP-9 and VE-cadherin. At the protein level, the proliferative and apoptotic events of bAVMs were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of VEGFA, eNOS, and caspase-3. Finally, neovascularity and apoptotic cells were assessed by CD31 staining and TUNEL staining. RESULTS: Immediately after partial embolization, the blood flow velocity of most bAVMs increased. The quantity of MMP-9 in the medium-term group was the highest, and VE-cadherin in the medium-term group was the lowest. The expression levels of VEGFA, eNOS, and neovascularity were highest in the medium-term group. Similarly, the expression level of caspase-3 and the number of apoptotic cells were highest in the medium-term group. CONCLUSION: The biomarkers for bAVM vascular stability were most abnormal between 1 and 28 days after partial embolization.

Concordance and Clinical Significance of Genomic Alterations in Progressive Tumor Tissue and Matched Circulating Tumor DNA in Aggressive-variant Prostate Cancer.

Sequencing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a minimally invasive approach to reveal the genomic alterations of cancer; however, its comparison with sequencing of tumor tissue has not been well documented in real-world patients with aggressive-variant prostate cancer (AVPC). Concordance of genomic alterations was assessed between progressive tumor tissue and matched ctDNA by next-generation sequencing for 63 patients with AVPC. Associations of genomic alterations with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were investigated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. A total of 161 somatic mutations (SMs) and 84 copy-number variants (CNVs) were detected in tumors, of which 97 were also found in ctDNA, giving concordance of 39.6% (97/245) across all SMs and CNVs, 49.7% for SMs only and 20.2% for CNVs only. Across all patients with AVPC, chemotherapy was associated with significantly longer median PFS (6 vs. 0.75 months, P = 0.001) and OS (11 vs. 8 months, P < 0.001) than next-generation hormonal therapy (NHT). Among types of chemotherapy, additional platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with significantly longer median PFS and OS than docetaxel only in patients with TP53, RB1, or PTEN alterations, and in those with ctDNA% ≥ 13.5%. The concordance analysis first provides evidence for combining the sequencing of ctDNA and tumor tissue in real-world patients with AVPC. Chemotherapy is associated with significantly better survival than NHT, and the benefit of additional platinum-based chemotherapy may depend on the presence of alterations in TP53, RB1, or PTEN and on a sufficiently high proportion of ctDNA in patients with AVPC. SIGNIFICANCE: AVPC is a highly malignant and heterogeneous disease. Sequencing of ctDNA is a minimally invasive approach to reveal genomic alterations. On the basis of the current real-world study, we found ctDNA does not fully recapitulate the landscape of genomic alterations from progressive tumor tissue in AVPC. We also revealed AVPC can benefit from chemotherapy, especially platinum-based regimens. TP53/RB1/PTEN alterations in ctDNA or tumor tissue could be biomarkers for platinum-based chemotherapy in this setting.

Mechanism of the Change in the Intestinal Microbiota of C-Strain Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) after an Interspecific Transference between Rice and Corn.

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was first found in 2019 in Yunnan, China, and it was characterized as a corn strain; it was also found on rice strains there, and it damages rice in China, but little is known about the effect of host plant transfer on the intestinal microbiota and the activities of detoxification enzymes in the C-strain (corn strain) S. frugiperda. The intestinal microbiota and the protective enzyme activity of S. frugiperda that were transferred from rice plants were assessed, and the fourth generation of insects transferred from corn were studied; the gene types of S. frugiperda that were transferred from rice plants were tested using mitochondrial Tpi gene sequences. The results showed that the intestinal microbiota in the C-strain S. frugiperda were changed after the host transference, and the diversity and richness of the intestinal bacterial communities of the S. frugiperda feeding on rice were significantly reduced after the transfer of the host from corn. The predominant species of intestinal bacteria of the S. frugiperda on rice transferred from corn were Enterococcus and Enterobacter, with relative abundances of 28.7% and 66.68%; the predominant species of intestinal bacteria of the S. frugiperda that were transferred from rice and feeding on corn were Enterococcus (22.35%) and Erysipelatoclostridium (73.92%); and the predominant species of intestinal bacteria of S. frugiperda feeding on corn was Enterococcus, with a relative abundance of 61.26%. The CAT (catalase) activity of the S. frugiperda transferred from corn onto rice from corn was reduced, the POD (peroxidase) activity was significantly increased after the transfer from corn, and no significant variations were found for the SOD (superoxide dismutase), CarE (carboxylesterase), and GST (glutathione S-transferase) activities of S. frugiperda after the host plant transfer. The results showed that after feeding on rice, the activities of CAT and POD in the in S. frugiperda body changed in order to resist plant secondary metabolites from corn or rice, but there was no significant change in the detoxification enzymes in the body. In summary, switching the host plant between corn and rice induced variations in the intestinal microbiota in C-strain S. frugiperda owing to the strain difference between the C-strain and the R-strain (rice strain), and this was consistent with the results of the activities of detoxification enzymes. The results indicat that changes in intestinal microbiota and physiological enzymes may be important reasons for the adaptive capacity of C-strain S. frugiperda to rice.

Effect of Moxibustion on Inflammatory Cytokines for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.

Background and Objective: Moxibustion is effective for low back pain (LBP), and inflammatory cytokines may play an important role in the mechanism of moxibustion treatment. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in LBP in terms of inflammatory cytokines. Methods: We searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). There was no restriction on the publication date. Results: Thirty RCTs measuring interleukin (IL-) 1, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) α were included in this meta-analysis. Compared to controls: single moxibustion could effectively decrease levels IL-6 and IL-23 (SMD, -0.71, 95% CI: -1.25 to -0.17, p = 0.01; SMD, -1.61, 95% CI: -2.20 to -1.03, p < 0.01, respectively); combined moxibustion had significant effects on IL-1, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Overall, for LBP, single or combined moxibustion could effectively down-regulate levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (p = 0.007 and p < 0.00001, respectively). For safety of moxibustion, the incidence rate of side effects was similar to that of controls (RD, -0.01, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.01, p = 0.59). Sensitivity analysis showed that the pooled estimates were robust, and publication bias analysis showed there was a significant small study effect (Egger's test p = 0.0000). High statistical heterogeneity existed between included RCTs, meta-regression showed there was no potential factor explaining the source of heterogeneity. Conclusion: For LBP, moxibustion can effectively decrease levels of IL-1, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α to achieve analgesia. Because the side effects of moxibustion are transient, it is relatively safe for clinical use. However, based on high heterogeneity in this meta-analysis, rigorously designed RCTs are required to further confirm the results in this review.

Gastrointestinal disease is an important influencing factor of osteoporosis fracture:a retrospective study in chinese postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUD: The influencing factors of osteoporosis are complex, the incidence of osteoporosis is higher in middle-aged and elderly women, and osteoporotic fractures (OF) can seriously affect quality of life. Currently, the correlation analysis between gastrointestinal diseases and OF focuses more on diseases such as gastric cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study analyzed the risk factors for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in 1567 postmenopausal women in Fuzhou, China. The purpose is to explore the potential influence of gastrointestinal diseases on the occurrence of OF. METHODS: According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 1567 subjects were included in the analysis of OP risk factors, including 647 in the OP group and 920 in the NOP group. A total of 616 subjects were included in the analysis of correlation between OF and gastrointestinal diseases, including 132 in OF group and 484 in NF group. Statistical analysis shows that age (OR = 1.062, 95% CI = 1.045-1.080), height (OR = 0.089, 95% CI = 0.009-0.857), weight (OR = 0.981,95% CI = 0.967-0.995) and nature of work (P = 0.010) are the main risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in southeast China, and gastrointestinal diseases (OR = 1.583, 95% CI = 1.070-2.343) and height (OR = 0.003, 95% CI = 0.000-0.104) are the main risk factors of OF. CONCLUSIONS: The main factors affecting the occurrence of OP in postmenopausal women in southeast China are individual characteristic. Gastrointestinal diseases that do not directly affect BMD increase the risk of OF in osteoporotic patients.

Sustained complete response to first-line immunochemotherapy for highly aggressive TP53/MDM2-mutated upper tract urothelial carcinoma with ERBB2 mutations, luminal immune-infiltrated contexture, and non-mesenchymal state: a case report and literature review.

Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare malignancy. The management of metastatic or unresectable UTUC is mainly based on evidence extrapolated from histologically homologous bladder cancer, including platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor alone, whereas UTUC exhibits more invasiveness, worse prognosis, and comparatively inferior response to treatments. First-line immunochemotherapy regimens have been attempted in clinical trials for unselected naïve-treated cases, but their efficacies relative to standard chemo- or immuno-monotherapy still remain controversial. Here, we present a case of highly aggressive UTUC for whom comprehensive genetic and phenotypic signatures predicted sustained complete response to first-line immunochemotherapy. Case presentation: A 50-year-old man received retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy and regional lymphadenectomy for high-risk locally advanced UTUC. Postoperatively, he developed rapid progression of residual unresectable metastatic lymph nodes. Pathologic analysis and next-generation sequencing classified the tumor as highly aggressive TP53/MDM2-mutated subtype with features more than expression of programmed death ligand-1, including ERBB2 mutations, luminal immune-infiltrated contexture, and non-mesenchymal state. Immunochemotherapy combining gemcitabine, carboplatin, and off-label programmed death-1 inhibitor sintilimab was initiated, and sintilimab monotherapy was maintained up to 1 year. Retroperitoneal lymphatic metastases gradually regressed to complete response. Blood-based analyses were performed longitudinally for serum tumor markers, inflammatory parameters, peripheral immune cells, and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) profiling. The ctDNA kinetics of tumor mutation burden and mean variant allele frequency accurately predicted postoperative progression and sustained response to the following immunochemotherapy, which were mirrored by dynamic changes in abundances of ctDNA mutations from UTUC-typical variant genes. The patient remained free of recurrence or metastasis as of this publishing, over 2 years after the initial surgical treatment. Conclusion: Immunochemotherapy may be a promising first-line option for advanced or metastatic UTUC selected with specific genomic or phenotypic signatures, and blood-based analyses incorporating ctDNA profiling provide precise longitudinal monitoring.

Rare manifestation of familial vitreous amyloidosis caused by Gly103Arg transthyretin.

AIM: To identify and analyze the genotype of the patients with special ocular manifestations of familial vitreous amyloidosis (FVA) in a Chinese Han family. METHODS: Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery was performed on a 52-year-old Chinese woman presented with vitreous amyloidosis and progressive visual impairment, without evidence of cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, central nervous system or peripheral nervous system dysfunction. During the surgery, the patient presented with a gray-white dense and thick cotton wool-like change in the vitreous body, accompanied by complete retinal detachment. Additionally, hard, free and movable yellow-white deposits were observed in the posterior pole and surrounding retina, the vitreous and subretinal deposits were examined by Congo red staining and immunohistochemical pathological examination, and whole exome sequencing was performed on blood samples from the patient and her cousin. RESULTS: During the operation, it was discovered that there was a complete detachment of the retina and a significant amount of hard, free-floating yellow-white deposits were observed beneath the posterior pole and surrounding retina. This is an exceedingly rare ocular manifestation. Pathological examination of the vitreous and subretinal deposit specimens revealed positive Congo red staining, as well as elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in vascular endothelial cells within the sediment specimens upon immunohistochemical examination. The patient and her cousin both exhibited a heterozygous mutation in Glyl03Arg within the transthyretin (TTR) gene, resulting in a substitution of glycine (Gly) at position 103 with arginine (Arg). CONCLUSION: FVA may present with various ocular manifestations, but panretinal detachment is a rare occurrence. In cases where retinal detachment persists for an extended period of time, amyloid deposits may form under the retina through retinal tears, leading to subretinal deposits that can impede retinal reattachment and negatively impact visual prognosis. Elevated levels of VEGF in the eyes of FVA patients may indicate an overexpression state, necessitating careful postoperative follow-up. The heterozygous mutation Gly103Arg may represent a unique pathogenic site in Chinese individuals.