Heterosexual Men's Visual Attention to Nude Images Depicting Cisgender Males, Cisgender Females, and Gynandromorphs.

Gynandromorphophilia refers to sexual attraction and arousal to feminine males, who may or may not have breasts, and who retain their penises. Previous research has suggested that some capacity for gynandromorphophilia may characterize males who are gynephilic (i.e., sexually attracted and aroused to adult females). This study examined Canadian cisgender gynephilic men's (n = 65) visual attention and subjective ratings of sexual arousal when presented with nude images of feminine males with, and without breasts, masculine males, and feminine females. Visual attention was assessed using an infrared eye-tracker. Subjective arousal to feminine females was highest, followed by subjective arousal to feminine males with breasts, feminine males without breasts, and masculine males. However, subjective arousal to feminine males without breasts and to masculine males did not differ significantly. The patterning of visual attention to images of females was unique, in that participants were equally likely to attend first to the face, chest or genitals. These areas also elicited relatively greater fixation durations and counts. Although participants fixated onto the chests of feminine males with breasts for longer durations than those of masculine males, most of the differences between feminine males, with and without breasts, were non-significant. These results suggest that female sex-based traits play a more primary role in gynephilic men's sexual arousal than feminine gender-based traits.

Heterosexual men's pupillary responses to stimuli depicting cisgender males, cisgender females, and gynandromorphs.

Gynandromorphophilia is the sexual attraction and arousal to feminine individuals assigned male at birth, who may or may not have breasts, and who retain their penises. Previous research has suggested that some capacity for gynandromorphophilia may characterize all males who are gynephilic (i.e., sexually attracted and aroused to adult cisgender females). This study examined Canadian cisgender gynephilic men's (n = 65) pupillary responses and subjective ratings of sexual arousal when presented with nude images of cisgender males, cisgender females, and gynandromorphs with, and without, breasts. Subjective arousal to cisgender females was highest, followed by subjective arousal to gynandromorphs with breasts, gynandromorphs without breasts and cisgender males. However, subjective arousal to gynandromorphs without breasts and to cisgender males did not differ significantly. Participants' pupils dilated more to images of cisgender females than to all other stimulus categories. Participants' pupils dilated more to gynandromorphs with breasts than to cisgender males, but pupillary response to gynandromorphs without breasts and cisgender males did not differ significantly. If the capacity for gynandromorphophilic attraction is a cross-culturally invariant aspect of male gynephilia, then these data suggest that this capacity may only extend to gynandromorphs with breasts and not gynandromorphs without breasts.