Ethical Issues Confronting Muslim Patients in Perioperative and Critical Care Environments: A Survey of Islamic Jurisprudence.

Ethical dilemmas may arise when medical management conflicts with a patient's values, culture, religion, or legal considerations. Many Muslims encounter ethical dilemmas as patients in perioperative and critical care settings. This article discusses the fundamentals of Islamic jurisprudence and how this may affect hospitalized patients in terms of cleanliness and prayer in the setting of stoma and urinary catheters, fasting, transfusion, transplants, xenografts and animal-based medications, do-not-resuscitate orders, and postmortem examinations. Provider familiarity with how such situations may affect Muslim patients is important to navigate potential conflict and to deliver competent care.