RESUMO
Building upon the foundational research of Robert Koch, who demonstrated the ability to grow Mycobacterium tuberculosis for the first time in 1882 using media made of coagulated bovine serum, microbiologists have continued to develop new and more efficient ways to grow mycobacteria. Presently, all known mycobacterial species can be grown in the laboratory using either axenic culture techniques or in vivo passage in laboratory animals. This chapter provides conventional protocols to grow mycobacteria for diagnostic purposes directly from clinical specimens, as well as in research laboratories for scientific purposes. Detailed protocols used for production of M. tuberculosis in large scale (under normoxic and hypoxic conditions) in bioreactors and for production of obligate intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium leprae and "Mycobacterium lepromatosis" using athymic nude mice and armadillos are provided.
Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Mycobacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Tatus , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/instrumentação , Reatores Biológicos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Camundongos Nus , Viabilidade Microbiana , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium leprae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mycobacterium leprae/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Colestase Intra-Hepática/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/diagnóstico , Membro 11 da Subfamília B de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP , Maus-Tratos Infantis/diagnóstico , Colestase Intra-Hepática/genética , Colestase Intra-Hepática/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Hematoma Subdural/diagnóstico , Hematoma Subdural/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Transplante de Fígado , Mutação Puntual , Hemorragia Retiniana/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Retiniana/etiologiaRESUMO
A retrospective review of medical records for all pediatric parapneumonic empyema (PPE) patients admitted to our hospital from 1996 to 2006 revealed that PPE increased 5-fold in the post-heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) period (2001-2005) relative to the pre-PCV7 period (1996-2000), from 13 cases to 65. Most of this increase was associated with culture-negative empyema, which accounted for 61% of all post-2000 cases; 19% was culture-positive pneumococcal empyema. Our analysis indicates that non-PCV7 serotypes became more prevalent at our institution after introduction of the vaccine.