Changes in periodontal and microbial parameters after the space maintainers application.

AIM: This study aims to evaluate the clinical and microbiological changes accompanying the inflammatory process of periodontal tissues during treatment with space maintainers (SMs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The children were separated into fixed (Group 1, n = 20) and removable (Group 2, n = 20) appliance groups. A full periodontal examination, including probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI), was performed. Anaerobic microorganisms in the crevicular fluid were detected with the culture method. Clinical and microbial evaluations were performed before (T0) applications. as well as at three (T1), and 9 months intervals (T2) after the application of the fixed or removable appliances. RESULTS: The PI, PPD, and BOP scores at the testing sites of both groups increased significantly from before treatment (T0) to the 9 months' time frame (T2) (P < 0.05), The presence of anaerobic bacteria in the subgingival dental plaque increased from T0 (n = 13, 65%) to T1 (n = 16, 80%) in the fixed SM group, but not statistically significant. The same values were obtained in T1 and T2 (n = 16, 80%). CONCLUSION: Although, the results of this study demonstrate that the application of fixed or removable SM appliances in children induced an increase of clinical periodontal parameters, anaerobic microbiota consisting of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forshia were not observed in any of the samples in short-term. Further long-term and comprehensive investigations are necessary.

Revascularization in an immature necrotic permanent incisor after severe intrusive luxation injury: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Pulp necrosis as a result of trauma is common in almost all intruded teeth, and the ideal treatment method for intruded immature and necrotic teeth has not yet been determined. Therefore, the aim of this report was to present a case of pulp revascularisation in a severely intruded immature maxillary right incisor. CASE REPORT: After clinical and radiographic examination, the incisor was defined as necrotic. Revascularisation therapy was performed over multiple appointments. After 21 months of recall appointments, healing of the periapical area and apical closure were seen to be complete. However, at the 27-month appointment, the vitality tests were negative and revascularisation of the right incisor, which had intrusion injuries, had not occurred. The tooth underwent root canal treatment. Finally, the tooth spontaneously erupted into the vestibule and was repositioned with orthodontic appliances. CONCLUSION: Although revascularisation can promote continued root development and root dentin apposition, long-term root canal treatment may be required due to treatment results with periapical inflammation in intruded teeth with open apices.