Multiple endocrine defects in adult-onset Sprouty1/2/4 triple knockout mice.

Genes of the Sprouty family (Spry1-4) are feedback inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases, especially of Ret and the FGF receptors. As such, they play distinct and overlapping roles in embryo morphogenesis and are considered to be tumor suppressors in adult life. Genetic experiments in mice have defined in great detail the role of these genes during embryonic development, however their function in adult mice is less clearly established. Here we generate adult-onset, whole body Spry1/2/4 triple knockout mice. Tumor incidence in triple mutant mice is comparable to that of wild type littermates of up to one year of age, indicating that Sprouty loss per se is not sufficient to initiate tumorigenesis. On the other hand, triple knockout mice do not gain weight as they age, show less visceral fat, and have lower plasma glucose levels than wild type littermates, despite showing similar food intake and slightly reduced motor function. They also show alopecia, eyelid inflammation, and mild hyperthyroidism. Finally, triple knockout mice present phosphaturia and hypophosphatemia, suggesting exacerbated signaling downstream of FGF23. In conclusion, triple knockout mice develop a series of endocrine abnormalities but do not show increased tumor incidence.

U.S. Healthcare Workers' Perspective of Outpatient Provision of Methadone: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: A recent National Institute on Drug Addiction Call to Action focused on expanding methadone treatment access for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). One research priority identified was optimal educational and support structures, including training to provide methadone across multiple healthcare settings (e.g., primary care, opioid treatment programs [OTPs], pharmacies) and healthcare workers (HCWs) (e.g., providers, pharmacists). This scoping review sought to better understand HCWs' knowledge, attitudes, and stigma as it relates to methadone provision. METHODS: Four databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science) were searched for publications between 2010 and 2022 using keywords-methadone, HCW, outpatient setting, knowledge, attitudes, and stigma, focusing on HCWs in general and pharmacists specifically. RESULTS: A total of 2,747 articles were identified and 14 met inclusion criteria for review. Settings included OTPs (n = 4), specialty addiction treatment clinics (n = 3), community pharmacies (n = 2), and multiple settings (n = 5). All articles (n = 14) examined methadone-related attitudes. Despite approval of methadone in 1972 to treat OUD, four articles illustrated continued methadone-related stigma held by HCWs. In response to COVID-19-related policy changes allowing methadone take-home flexibility, OTP clinicians expressed a range of attitudes concerning patient risk and potential program liability around diversion and misuse. One article assessing knowledge suggested that, even when most pharmacists correctly answered knowledge questions, a significant minority had misunderstandings that could undermine effective treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Given the current imbalance between methadone treatment demand and availability, there is a critical need to expand outpatient methadone services. Pharmacists partnering with OTPs represent a logical but underutilized access point. We identified key areas to improve HCWs methadone-related knowledge, attitudes, and stigma. Future research should explore the impact of outpatient pharmacy-OTP and other expansion services, and systematic training, education, and evaluation of methadone-related understanding, including assessment tools to measure knowledge, attitudes, and stigma.

Assessing the impact of long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy on patients with COVID-19 and coexisting chronic lung disease: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Patients with chronic lung disease (CLD), such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were expected to have an increased risk of clinical manifestations and severity of COVID-19. However, these comorbidities have been reported less frequently than expected. Chronic treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) may impact the clinical course of COVID-19. The main objective of this study is to know the influence of chronic treatment with ICS on the prognosis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients with CLD. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was designed, including patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected at admission and at seven days, and clinical outcomes were collected. Patients with CLD with and without chronic treatment with ICS were compared. Results: Two thousand five hundred ninety-eight patients were included, of which 1,171 patients had a diagnosis of asthma and 1,427 of COPD (53.37% and 41.41% with ICS, respectively). No differences were found in mortality, transfer to ICU, or development of moderate-severe ARDS. Patients with chronic ICS had a longer hospital stay in both asthma and COPD patients (9 vs. 8 days, p = 0.031 in asthma patients), (11 vs. 9 days, p = 0.018 in COPD patients); although they also had more comorbidity burden. Conclusions: Patients with chronic inhaled corticosteroids had longer hospital stays and more chronic comorbidities, measured by the Charlson comorbidity index, but they did not have more severe disease at admission, evaluated with qSOFA and PSI scores. Chronic treatment with inhaled corticosteroids had no influence on the prognosis of patients with chronic lung disease and COVID-19.

Distinct T cell responsiveness to different COVID-19 vaccines and cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 variants with age and CMV status.

Introduction: Accumulating evidence indicates the importance of T cell immunity in vaccination-induced protection against severe COVID-19 disease, especially against SARS-CoV-2 Variants-of-Concern (VOCs) that more readily escape from recognition by neutralizing antibodies. However, there is limited knowledge on the T cell responses across different age groups and the impact of CMV status after primary and booster vaccination with different vaccine combinations. Moreover, it remains unclear whether age has an effect on the ability of T cells to cross-react against VOCs. Methods: Therefore, we interrogated the Spike-specific T cell responses in healthy adults of the Dutch population across different ages, whom received different vaccine types for the primary series and/or booster vaccination, using IFNÉ£ ELISpot. Cells were stimulated with overlapping peptide pools of the ancestral Spike protein and different VOCs. Results: Robust Spike-specific T cell responses were detected in the vast majority of participants upon the primary vaccination series, regardless of the vaccine type (i.e. BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, or Ad26.COV2.S). Clearly, in the 70+ age group, responses were overall lower and showed more variation compared to younger age groups. Only in CMV-seropositive older adults (>70y) there was a significant inverse relation of age with T cell responses. Although T cell responses increased in all age groups after booster vaccination, Spike-specific T cell frequencies remained lower in the 70+ age group. Regardless of age or CMV status, primary mRNA-1273 vaccination followed by BNT162b2 booster vaccination showed limited booster effect compared to the BNT162b2/BNT162b2 or BNT162b2/mRNA-1273 primary-booster regimen. A modest reduction in cross-reactivity to the Alpha, Delta and Omicron BA.1, but not the Beta or Gamma variant, was observed after primary vaccination. Discussion: Together, this study shows that age, CMV status, but also the primary-booster vaccination regimen influence the height of the vaccination-induced Spike-specific T cell response, but did not impact the VOC cross-reactivity.

Validation of novel conditional ligands and large-scale detection of antigen-specific T cells for H-2Dd and H-2Kd.

The UV-mediated peptide exchange has enabled the generation of multiple different MHC multimer specificities in parallel, surpassing tedious individual refolding of MHC molecules with peptide ligands. Murine models are acknowledged as an effective tool for preclinical research to advance our understanding of immunological mechanisms, with the potential translatability of key learnings from mouse models to the clinic. The common inbred mouse strain BALB/c is frequently used in immunological research. However, for the BALB/c histocompatibility (H)-2 alleles availability of conditional ligand has been limited. To overcome this challenge, we design and experimentally validate conditional ligands restricted to murine MHC class I alleles H2Dd and H2Kd. In addition, we demonstrate the ability of the three H2d molecules and two additional C57BL/6 H2b molecules folded in-house with conditional ligands to generate fluorescently labeled peptide-H2 tetramers that allow staining of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in splenocyte samples. Finally, we generate large peptide-H-2 multimer libraries with a DNA-barcode labeling system for high-throughput interrogation of CD8+ T cell specificity in murine splenocyte samples. Consequently, the described techniques will contribute to our understanding of the antigen-specific CD8+ T cell repertoire in murine preclinical models of various diseases.

External validation of two clinical prediction models for mortality in COVID-19 patients (4C and NEWS2), in three centers in Medellín, Colombia: Assessing the impact of vaccination over time.

OBJECTIVES: External validation of the 4C and NEWS2 scores for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients, and evaluation of its operational performance in two time periods: before and after the start of the vaccination program in Colombia. METHODS: Retrospective cohort in three high complexity hospitals in the city of Medellín, Colombia, between June 2020 and April 2022. RESULTS: The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for the 4C mortality risk score and the NEWS2 were 0.75 (95% CI 0.73-0.78) and 0.68 (95% CI 0.66-0.71), respectively. For the 4C score, the AUC for the first and second periods was 0.77 (95% CI 0.74-0.80) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.71-0.78); whilst for the NEWS2 score, it was 0.68 (95% CI 0.65-0.71) and 0.69 (95% CI 0.64-0.73). The calibration for both scores was adequate, albeit with reduced performance during the second period. CONCLUSIONS: The 4C mortality risk score proved to be the more adequate predictor of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients in this Latin American population. The operational performance during both time periods remained similar, which shows its utility notwithstanding major changes, including vaccination, as the pandemic evolved.

Methodology for adapting a co-created early childhood development intervention and implementation strategies for use by frontline workers in India and Guatemala: a systematic application of the FRAME-IS framework.

There is little evidence on optimizing the effectiveness and implementation of evidence-based early childhood development (ECD) interventions when task-shifted to frontline workers. In this Methods Forum paper, we describe our adaptation of the International Guide for Monitoring Child Development (GMCD) for task-shifting to frontline workers in Guatemala and India. In 2021-2022, implementers, trainers, frontline workers, caregivers, and international GMCD experts collaborated to adapt the GMCD for a task shifted implementation by frontline workers. We used an eight-step co-creating process: assembling a multidisciplinary team, training on the existing package, working groups to begin modifications, revision of draft modifications, tailoring of visual materials and language, train-the-trainers activities, pilot frontline worker trainings, final review and feedback. Preliminary effectiveness of adaptations was evaluated through narrative notes and group-based qualitative feedback following pilot trainings with 16 frontline workers in India and 6 in Guatemala. Final adaptations included: refining training techniques to match skill levels and learning styles of frontline workers; tailoring all visual materials to local languages and contexts; design of job aids for providing developmental support messages; modification of referral and triage processes for children in need of enhanced support and speciality referral; and creation of post-training support procedures. Feedback from pilot trainings included: (1) group consensus that training improved ECD skills and knowledge across multiple domains; and (2) feedback on ongoing needed adjustments to pacing, use of video-based vs. role-playing materials, and time allocated to small group work. We use the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-based Implementation Strategies (FRAME-IS) framework to document our adaptations. The co-creating approach we use, as well as systematic documentation of adaptation decisions will be of use to other community-based early childhood interventions and implementation strategies.

Main findings: The International Guide for Monitoring Child Development, an early childhood development support and monitoring tool, was successfully adapted for use by frontline workers in rural India and Guatemala.Added knowledge: Our Methods Forum paper uses a detailed framework to document the collaborative, co-creating process used and the adaptive decisions taken.Global health impact for policy and action: Evidence on how best to adapt and optimize early childhood interventions for frontline workers will be useful or scaling up support for children globally.

NK cell-triggered CCL5/IFNγ-CXCL9/10 axis underlies the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant anti-HER2 antibodies in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The variability in responses to neoadjuvant treatment with anti-HER2 antibodies prompts to personalized clinical management and the development of innovative treatment strategies. Tumor-infiltrating Natural Killer (TI-NK) cells can predict the efficacy of HER2-targeted antibodies independently from clinicopathological factors in primary HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Understanding the mechanism/s underlying this association would contribute to optimizing patient stratification and provide the rationale for combinatorial approaches with immunotherapy. METHODS: We sought to uncover processes enriched in NK cell-infiltrated tumors as compared to NK cell-desert tumors by microarray analysis. Findings were validated in clinical trial-derived transcriptomic data. In vitro and in vivo preclinical models were used for mechanistic studies. Findings were analysed in clinical samples (tumor and serum) from breast cancer patients. RESULTS: NK cell-infiltrated tumors were enriched in CCL5/IFNG-CXCL9/10 transcripts. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, IFNG levels underlie the association between TI-NK cells and pathological complete response to neoadjuvant treatment with trastuzumab. Mechanistically, the production of IFN-É£ by CD16+ NK cells triggered the secretion of CXCL9/10 from cancer cells. This effect was associated to tumor growth control and the conversion of CD16 into CD16-CD103+ NK cells in humanized in vivo models. In human breast tumors, the CD16 and CD103 markers identified lineage-related NK cell subpopulations capable of producing CCL5 and IFN-É£, which correlated with tissue-resident CD8+ T cells. Finally, an early increase in serum CCL5/CXCL9 levels identified patients with NK cell-rich tumors showing good responses to anti-HER2 antibody-based neoadjuvant treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies specialized NK cell subsets as the source of IFN-É£ influencing the clinical efficacy of anti-HER2 antibodies. It also reveals the potential of serum CCL5/CXCL9 as biomarkers for identifying patients with NK cell-rich tumors and favorable responses to anti-HER2 antibody-based neoadjuvant treatment.

Índices neutrófilo/linfocito, plaqueta/linfocito e inmunidad/inflamación sistémica en pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19 / Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia

Resumen Introducción: Existen índices hematológicos que correlacionan la severidad y predicen la mortalidad, principalmente en estados sépticos y de inflamación. Objetivo: Correlacionar los índices neutrófilo/linfocito (INL), plaqueta/linfocito (IPL) e inmunidad/inflamación sistémica (IIIS) con la severidad de COVID-19. Método: Estudio descriptivo, analítico y retrospectivo de pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19, en quienes se analizaron INL, IPL e IIIS. Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes, 54 hombres y 46 mujeres, con una media de 49.4 ± 19.3 años. Las medias de INL, IPL e IIIS fueron 10.7 ± 10.9, 290.1 ± 229.2 y 2.6 ± 3.4 × 109, respectivamente. En 54 %, la neumonía fue leve y en 46 %, grave. En cuanto a los desenlaces hospitalarios, 75 % egresó por mejoría y 25 % falleció. Las medias de INL, IPL e IIIS de los pacientes que fallecieron versus las de los pacientes que mejoraron fueron 20.4 ± 16.9 versus 7.5 ± 4.9 (p = 0.001), 417.1 ± 379.7 versus 247.7 ± 127.4 (p = 0.038) y 4.8 ± 6.1 versus 1.9 ± 1.2 × 109 (p = 0.030), respectivamente. Conclusión: Los índices hematológicos en pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19 pueden ser empleados como predictores de severidad y pronóstico.

Abstract Introduction: There are hematological parameters that correlate severity and predict mortality mainly in septic and inflammatory states. Objective: To correlate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) with COVID-19 severity. Method: Descriptive, analytical, retrospective study of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, in which NLR, PLR and SII were analyzed. Results: One-hundred patients were included, 54 men and 46 women, with a mean age of 49.4 ± 19.3 years. NLR, PLR and SII means were 10.7 ± 10.9, 290.1 ± 229.2, and 2.6 ± 3.4 × 109, respectively. In 54 %, pneumonia was mild, and in 46 %, severe. Regarding hospital outcomes, 75 % were discharged due to improvement and 25 % died. NLR, PLR and SII means of the patients who died versus the patients who improved were 20.4 ± 16.9 versus 7.5 ± 4.9 (p = 0.001), 417.1 ± 379.7 versus 247.7 ± 127.4 (p = 0.038) and 4.8 ± 6.1 versus 1.9 ± 1.2 × 109 (p = 0.030), respectively. Conclusion: Hematological parameters can be used in patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia as predictors of severity and prognosis.

Acoso en la calle y su asociación con percepciones de cohesión social entre mujeres en la Ciudad de México / Experiences of street harassment and associations with perceptions of social cohesion among women in Mexico City

Resumen: Objetivo: Documentar frecuencia y tipos de acoso en la calle (AC) y la asociación entre experiencias de AC y percepción de cohesión social (CS). Material y métodos: Análisis de encuesta a mujeres que solicitan servicios en clínicas de la Secretaría Salud del Gobierno de la Ciudad de México. Resultados: 62.8% reportó algún tipo de AC el mes previo a la encuesta; aquéllas con experiencias de AC reportaron índices significativamente menores de CS (b = -0.46; IC95%: -0.69, -0.22). Conclusiones: Reducir el AC puede tener implicaciones importantes para mejorar la percepción de CS y la seguridad de las mujeres en la Ciudad de México.

Abstract: Objective: To document the frequency and forms of street harassment and examine the association between street harassment experiences and perceptions of social cohesion. Materials and methods: Baseline survey data collected among women seeking care in public health clinics in Mexico City were used for analysis. Results: Nearly two-thirds (62.8%) of women reported experiencing some form of street harassment in the prior month; women with street harassment experiences reported significantly lower perceived social cohesion (b=-0.46; 95%CI: -0.69,-0.22). Conclusions: Findings indicate reducing street harassment may have important implications for improving women’s perceived social cohesion and their safety in Mexico City.

Time-course of changes in indirect markers of muscle damage responses following a 130-km cycling race / Comportamento das respostas dos marcadores indiretos de dano muscular após uma competição de ciclismo de 130-km

Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to identify the effects of a 130-km cycling race on indices of biochemical indirect markers of muscle damage and muscle soreness responses during a 72-hour recovery period. Fifteen endurance-trained male cyclists which were competing for more than 2 years and were involved in systematic training at least of 3 days/wk underwent a collection of indirect biochemical markers of muscle damage (CK, LDH, Myo) and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), at five different moments of data collection: before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) a 130-km cycling race, and 24, 48, 72 hours following the cycling race. CK and LDH plasma concentrations significantly increased POST-race (p < 0.001) and remained high throughout the 72 hour recover period (CK: p < 0.05; LDH: p < 0.001). Myo increased significantly POST-race (p < 0.001) and returned to the PRE-race values 24 hours thereafter (p < 0.05). DOMS increased significantly POST-race (p < 0.001) and returned to the PRE-race values at 48 hours after (p > 0.05). A 130-km cycling race has a noteworthy effect on indices of biochemical indirect markers of muscle damage and muscle soreness responses, indicating that 72 hour recovery period do not seems to be enough for long-distance cyclist, and reinforce the propositions of scientific literature about the need of a sufficient recovery period for cycling endurance athletes.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os efeitos de uma competição de ciclismo de 130-km nos índices de marcadores bioquímicos indiretos de dano muscular e na dor muscular durante um período de 72 horas de recuperação. Quinze ciclistas do sexo masculino que estavam em treinamento competitivo por mais de dois anos e que estavam em treinamento sistemático, pelo menos três dias por semana, foram submetidos à coleta de marcadores bioquímicos indireto de dano muscular (CK, LDH e Mioglobina) e dor muscular em cinco momentos distintos de coleta: antes, depois, 24, 48 e, 72 horas após uma competição de ciclismo. A CK e a LDH aumentaram imediatamente após a corrida (p < 0,001) e mantiveram-se elevadas durante as 72 horas de recuperação (CK: p < 0,05; LDH: p < 0,001). A Mioglobina aumentou logo após a competição (p < 0,001) e retornou aos valores basais 24 horas após (p < 0,05). A dor muscular aumentou logo após a competição (p < 0,001) e retornou aos valores basais após 48 horas de recuperação (p > 0,05). Uma competição de ciclismo de 130-km teve efeitos notáveis sobre os índices de marcadores bioquímicos indiretos de lesão muscular e dor muscular, indicando que um período de 72 horas de recuperação pode não ser o suficiente para ciclistas de longa distância, isto também reforça as proposições da literatura científica sobre a necessidade de um período de recuperação suficiente para os atletas de ciclismo de fundo.

IMPORTANCIA DEL COMPONENTE SOCIAL EN EL MANEJO DEL RECURSO HÍDRICO, RÍO EL ENCANO, HUMEDAL RAMSAR LA COCHA (NARIÑO, COLOMBIA) / IMPORTANCE OF THE SOCIAL COMPONENT IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, THE ENCANO RIVER, RAMSAR LA COCHA WETLAND (NARIÑO, COLOMBIA)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo general analizar la relevancia de la sociedad en el uso y manejo del recurso hídrico en el río El Encano, fuente hídrica de gran importancia por pertenecer a una de las áreas declaradas como humedal Ramsar en Colombia. Para el logro de este objetivo, se desarrolló el diagnóstico de los diferentes usos del agua en el río. En donde metodológicamente se llevaron a cabo inicialmente salidas de reconocimiento tanto de la zona de estudio como de la población relacionada con el recurso, donde se determinó una población total de 80 familias a las que posteriormente se les aplicó un tipo de encuesta semiestructurada. Así mismo, se georreferenciaron a lo largo del río los usos dados al recurso hídrico por parte de la comunidad, entre estos se resalta las descargas de vertimientos y las captaciones. Finalmente, la información obtenida fue procesada en el programa Excel. De los resultados obtenidos se resalta la identificación de la problemática relacionada con el recurso hídrico en que sobresale el inadecuado manejo de aguas residuales, siendo esta la actividad de mayor impacto en la fuente, así mismo, la ganadería y la agricultura hacen un uso importante del recurso lo que ha contribuido a su deterioro. Además, se establecieron variables sociales como educación y ocupación laboral que cumplen un papel fundamental en la gestión del recurso. Después del análisis de la información obtenida con la investigación, se puede concluir que el río ha sufrido modificaciones de las características físicas y químicas por el permanente proceso de intervención antrópica; de igual manera, se establece que los procesos de gestión del recurso hídrico por parte de la comunidad son incipientes, en donde se hace necesario fortalecer la educación ambiental en toda la población presente en la zona.

This article aims to analyze the relevance of society in the use and management of water sources in El Encanto River, a water source of great importance because it belongs to one of the areas declared as Ramsar wetland in Colombia. To achieve this objective, a diagnosis of the different uses of the water from the river was conducted through recognition fieldtrips, both in the área of study and in the population, related to the water resource where a population of 80 families was determined and applied semi-structured interviews. Likewise, the uses given to water resources by the community along the river were georeferenced, and among them, dumping download and deposits are hignlighted. Finally, the information collected was processed in the Excel Program. From the results obtained, the problem related to water resources was highlighted, where the inadequate management of wastewater stand out being the greatest impact activity in the source, as well as stockbreeding and agriculture which makes important use of the resource and has contributed to its deterioration. Additionally, social variables such as education and job were stablished since they play an important role in the management of the resource. After analyzing the information obtained through this research, it is possible to conclude that the river has suffered modifications of its physical and chemical characteristics due to the permanent anthropic intervention. Similarly, it is established that the processes of water management by the community are incipient, and it is necessary to strengthen environmental education for all population present in the area.

Lifestyles of nursing students from a Colombian public university / Estilos de vida de estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad pública colombiana / Estilos de vida de estudantes de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública colombiana

Objective.To assess the lifestyles of nursing students from a Colombian public university. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. 380 students answered by self-reporting the adapted version in Spanish of FANTASTIC Lifestyles Assessment Questionnaire of Wilson and Ciliska. Results. Lifestyles were poor in 9.2%, fair in 31.3%, good in 53.7%, and excellent in only 5.8% of the participants. Statistically-significant differences of the total mean score were not found when comparing with gender, age group, and course year, but were detected in two domains by gender: a) physical activity (higher score in men) and b) cigarette smoking (higher score in women). Conclusion. An important proportion of our nursing students has inadequate lifestyles, which means deferred risks for the development of chronic diseases. Universities should promote the training of the future professionals in nursing with knowledge and skills aimed at healthy lifestyles.

Objetivo.Evaluar los estilos de vida de los estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad pública colombiana. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo trasversal en 2014. 380 alumnos por autorreporte contestaron el FANTASTIC Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire, versión adaptada al español. Resultados. La puntuación de los estilos de vida fue bajo en el 9.2%; en el 31.3%, regular; en el 53.7%, bueno y solo en el 5.8%, fantástico. No se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas del promedio de la puntuación total cuando se comparó con sexo, grupo etario y año de curso, pero en sí en dos dominios del cuestionario: actividad física (puntuación mayor en hombres que mujeres) y b) consumo de tabaco (promedio de puntuación mayor mujeres que en hombres). Conclusión. Una proporción importante de alumnos de Enfermería de la universidad pública estudiada tiene inadecuados estilos de vida, lo que significa riesgos aplazados para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas. Las universidades tienen el deber de promover en los futuros enfermeros los conocimientos y destrezas orientados a estilos de vida saludables.

Objetivo.Avaliar os estilos de vida dos estudantes de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública colombiana. Métodos. Se realizou um estudo de corte transversal em 2014. 380 alunos por autor-reporte responderam o FANTASTIC Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire, versão adaptada ao espanhol. Resultados. A pontuação dos estilos de vida foi baixo em 9.2%, em 31.3% foi regular, em 53.7% foi bom e só em 5.8% foi fantástico. Não se detectaram diferencias estatisticamente significativas da média da pontuação total quando se comparou com sexo, faixa etária e ano de curso, mas em si em dois domínios do questionário: atividade física (pontuação maior em homens de que mulheres) e b) consumo de tabaco (médio de pontuação maior mulheres de que em homens). Conclusão. Uma proporção importante de alunos de Enfermagem da universidade pública estudada tem inadequados estilos de vida, o que significa riscos adiados para o desenvolvimento de doenças crónicas.

Scientific production of the journal Investigación y Educación en Enfermería during its 30 editing years / Producción científica de la revista Investigación y Educación en Enfermería en sus 30 años de edición / Produção científica da revista Investigação e Educação em Enfermagem nos seus 30 anos de edição

Objective. This study sought to characterize the scientific production of the journal Investigación y Educación en Enfermería (IEE) during its 30 years of editing. Methodology. Documentary type longitudinal study, which analyzed all the articles published in IEE from 1983 to 2012; a total of 656. Each article was manually revised and an instrument was used containing the variables of author and article characteristics. Results. A total of 47% of the articles have a sole author and only one institution of affiliation. According to their type, those with the most contributions were original articles (42%) and theme reviews (25%). Regarding the characteristics of the first authors, nurses predominate (74%); with graduate formation (71%); with academic affiliation (88%); and country of origin being Colombia (70%). The principal themes dealt with are: nursing care (24%), nursing education and formation (14%), nursing practice (6%), and nursing history (5%). The most frequent populations objects of study are nurses (25%) and nursing students (8%). A total of 15% deal with vulnerable populations (elderly, children, pregnant women, the handicapped, and individuals from rural areas, among others). Additionally, the following tendencies were noted: authors have improved in their levels of formation, and regarding the increased number of original articles and balance per type of research paradigm. Conclusion. Author's characteristics and thematic preferences, along with populations object of the articles show that progress has been produced in divulging knowledge generated and of the experiences in their implementation in nursing practice, thus, contributing to the discipline's development.

Objetivo. Caracterizar la producción científica de la revista Investigación y Educación en Enfermería (IEE) en sus 30 años de edición. Metodología. Estudio longitudinal de tipo documental en el que se analizaron todos los artículos publicados en IEE de 1983-2012; en total 656. Se revisó manualmente cada artículo y se utilizó un instrumento que contenía las variables de las características de los autores y de los artículos Resultados. El 47% de ellos tiene un solo autor y una sola institución de afiliación. Según su tipo, los que más aportan al total son los originales (42%) y las revisiones de tema (25%). Características de los primeros autores: predominan los enfermeros (74%), con formación de posgrado (71%), con afiliación académica (88%) y el país de origen es Colombia (70%). Los principales temas tratados son el cuidado de enfermería (24%), la educación y formación en enfermería (14%), su práctica (6%) y su historia (5%). Las poblaciones objeto de estudio más frecuentes son los enfermeros (25%) y los de estudiantes de enfermería (8%). Un 15% versan sobre poblaciones vulnerables (adultos mayores, niños, las gestantes, discapacitados y las personas de áreas rurales, entre otros). Por otra parte, se observaron las siguientes tendencias: los autores han mejorado en su nivel de formación, en cuanto al aumento en el número de artículos originales y equilibrio por tipo de paradigma de investigación. Conclusión. Las características de los autores y las preferencias temáticas y las poblaciones objeto de los artículos muestran que se han producido avances en divulgación del conocimiento generado y de las experiencias en su implementación en la práctica de la enfermería, contribuyendo de esta forma al desarrollo de la disciplina.

Objetivo. Caracterizar a produção científica da revista Investigação e Educação em Enfermagem (IEE) em seus 30 anos de edição. Metodologia. Estudo longitudinal de tipo documentário no que se analisaram todos os artigos publicados em IEE de 1983-2012; ao todo 656. Revisou-se manualmente cada artigo e se utilizou um instrumento que continha as variáveis das características dos autores e dos artigos. Resultados. 47% deles tem um só autor e uma só instituição de afiliação. Segundo seu tipo, os que mais contribuem ao total são os originais (42%) e as revisões de tema (25%). Características dos primeiros autores: predominam os enfermeiros (74%), com formação de pós-graduação (71%), com afiliação acadêmica (88%) e o país de origem sendo a Colômbia (70%). Os principais temas tratados são o cuidado de enfermagem (24%), a educação e formação em enfermagem (14%), sua prática (6%) e sua história (5%). As populações objeto de estudo mais frequentes são os enfermeiros (25%) e os de estudantes de enfermagem (8%) Um 15% versam sobre populações vulneráveis (adultos maiores, meninos, as gestantes, descapacitados e as pessoas de áreas rurais, entre outros). Por outra parte, observaram-se as seguintes tendências: os autores melhoraram em seu nível de formação, quanto ao aumento no número de artigos originais e equilíbrio por tipo de paradigma de investigação. Conclusão. As características dos autores e as preferências temáticas e as populações objeto dos artigos mostram que se produziram avanços em divulgação do conhecimento gerado e das experiências em sua implementação na prática da enfermagem, contribuindo desta forma ao desenvolvimento da disciplina.

Bronquiolitis: artículo de revisión / Bronchiolitis: review

Bronchiolitis is a common childhood disease and is the leading cause of hospitalization in children under 2 years, lower respiratory tract infection. It is characterized by upper respiratory symptoms which lead to lower respiratory symptoms for primary infection or reinfection with a viral pathogen, more identified is the respiratory syncytial virus. Despite the frequency and importance of this disease, there is still much controversy regarding the most appropriate treatment protocol. Its definition and treatment remain the subject of ongoing debate and the subject of study, seeking to reach a global consensus on the appropriate approach to this entity, so this article is a practical approach to bronchiolitis, based on the available scientific evidence to epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of bronchiolitis. The implementation of a treatment algorithm is feasible and can help reduce operating errors and the rate of inadequate prescription of steroids and antibiotics in children with bronchiolitis.

La bronquiolitis, es una enfermedad frecuente en la infancia y constituye la principal causa de ingreso hospitalario en los menores de 2 años, por infección del tracto respiratorio inferior (ITRI). Se caracteriza por síntomas respiratorios superiores que conducen a síntomas respiratorios inferiores por la infección primaria o la reinfección con un patógeno viral, el más identificado es el virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS). A pesar de la frecuencia e importancia de esta enfermedad, aún existen grandes controversias en cuanto al protocolo terapéutico más adecuado. Su definición y tratamiento siguen siendo tema de constantes debates y motivo de estudio, buscando llegar a un consenso mundial sobre el adecuado abordaje de esta entidad, por lo que este artículo es un enfoque práctico de la bronquiolitis, basado en la evidencia científica disponible en cuanto a la epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de la bronquiolitis. La implementación de un algoritmo terapéutico es factible y puede ayudar a reducir los errores de manejo y la tasa de prescripción de esteroides y antibióticos, inadecuados en niños con bronquiolitis.

Efeito agudo de diferentes formas de aquecimento sobre a força muscular / Acute effect of different forms of heating on muscle strength

Os exercícios físicos têm a finalidade de manter e melhorar um ou mais componentes do condicionamentofísico, dentre os quais está a força muscular. Para o aperfeiçoamento do treino da força são utilizadas váriastécnicas de aquecimento, com vistas a alcançar seus benefícios. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a forçamuscular dos extensores do joelho, antes e após a aplicação de alongamento estático (GAE), exercício aeróbico (GEA) e associação de ambos (GAE+GEA), verificando, dessa maneira, os efeitos dos diferentes tiposde aquecimento sobre a força muscular. Para tanto, participaram do estudo 16 indivíduos do sexo feminino(idade de 22,5 ± 4,7 anos e IMC de 20,8 ± 1,83 kg/m2), divididos em três grupos (GAE, GEA e GAE+GEA).As variáveis observadas foram: pico de torque concêntrico, pico de torque excêntrico e trabalho total. Cada grupo, posteriormente à avaliação da força no dinamômetro isocinético, realizou, após um intervalo mínimode 48 horas, um protocolo de aquecimento seguido da reavaliação da força muscular. Os resultadosobtidos indicaram não haver influência significativa inter e/ou intraprotocolos nas variáveis observadas,considerando nível de significância de p ≤ 0,05. Portanto, conclui-se que, de forma aguda, o desempenho deforça muscular na extensão do joelho não sofreu alterações significativas após os diferentes protocolos deaquecimento utilizados.

Avaliação da força muscular dos flexores e extensores do joelho em jogadores de futebol / Knee flexors and extensors muscular strenght evaluation in soccer players

Objetivo: Caracterizar através da dinamometria isocinética a performance muscular de atletas de futebol de duas categorias diferentes (juvenil e júnior). Método: Estudo do tipo descritivo-exploratória, em que participaram 69 atletas do Clube Atlético Paraense (29 juvenis e 40 juniores). A avaliação isocinética consistia em contrações máximas concêntricas dos músculos flexores e extensores do joelho dos atletas, nas velocidades de 60º/s, 180º/s e 300º/s. Os resultados dos valores das variáveis isocinéticas foram expressos por meio de estatística descritiva em valores mínimo e máximo, média e desvio padrão e a comparação das variáveis dependentes foram feitas pelo teste t de Student independente. Adotando-se um nível de significância de p<0,05, os quartis 25, 50, 75% foram processados no programa, utilizando-se o pacote estatístico SPSS 13.0 for Windows. Resultados: A amostra do estudo consistiu de 53 atletas com idade variando de 15,2 a 20 anos. Todos os valores das variáveis isocinéticas foram superiores na categoria júnior, porém não foram significantes no pico de torque extensor do membro dominante e no pico de torque flexor no membro não dominante. Além disso, a relação I/Q não apresentou diferenças significativas também.Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos neste estudo fornecem valores de referência para variáveis isocinéticas muito importantes, como o pico de torque, o trabalho máximo, a potência, além da relação I/Q e de comparação entre membro dominante e não dominante.

Efeito do exercício físico em condições osteomioarticulares: revisão de literatura / Effects of the physical exercise on main joint, bone and muscle pathological conditions: a review

INTRODUÇÃO: O exercício físico tem sido consideravelmente apresentado na literatura como uma ação terapêutica e preventiva em uma série de processos patológicos, incluindo as doenças osteomioarticulares. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura identificando o efeito do exercício físico em alguns processos patológicos do sistema musculoesquelético em adultos com idade superior ou igual a 45 anos. METODOLOGIA: As bases de dados consultadas foram: Medline/PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, Ebsco Host. Definiram-se como limites de busca os artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2008 e que abrangessem o tema doenças osteomioarticulares e exercício, com destaque para o uso do alongamento muscular. Como descritores para a busca utilizaram-se os termos: osteoporose; lombalgia; osteoartrose; artrite reumatóide; fibromialgia; alongamento; exercícios; osteoporosis; low-back pain; osteoarthritis; arthritis rheumatoid; fibromyalgia; stretching and exercise. Foram listados em um primeiro momento 69 artigos, sendo que destes, 43 foram selecionados. RESULTADOS: Grande parte dos estudos aponta efeitos positivos dos exercícios físicos aos processos patológicos osteomioarticulares. Os benefícios mais comuns identificados foram a diminuição da dor, do nível de ansiedade, dos sintomas de depressão e melhoria da qualidade do sono e da performance funcional. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados confirmam a importância dos exercícios físicos para melhoria dos principais sintomas das doenças osteomioarticulares e na aptidão funcional, contribuindo para a promoção da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos nestas condições.

INTRODUCTION: The physical exercise has been substantially presented in the literature as a therapeutic and preventive action in a number of pathological processes, including muscle diseases. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a review on the recent literature searching for the favor effects of the physical exercise on the main joint, bone and muscle pathological conditions in adults of 45 years-old or older. METHODOLOGY: A search on public data basis in internet was conducted in Medline/PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, Ebsco Host, between 2000 and 2008, articles that embrace joint and muscle diseases and exercise, focusing on stretching exercises, were selected. As search descriptors were used the following terms: osteoporosis;low-back pain; osteoarthritis; arthritis rheumathoid; fibromyalgia; stretching; and exercise. It was found 69 articles, and 43 were analyzed. RESULTS: It was observed that physical exerciseshowed many benefits on joint, bone and muscle conditions as seen by improvements in health status, pain, anxiety level, depression symptoms, sleep quality and functional performance. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, physical activity on a regular basis is indicated to improvejoint, bone and muscle symptoms as well to improve functional fitness, possibly proportioning a favorable alteration on the quality of life of these individuals with these conditions.

Efectividad de la técnica del paralelismo usando aditamento de precisión XCP en la toma de radiografías por los estudiantes de las clínicas intramurales de la facultad de odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador en un período de septiembre a noviembre de 1998 / Effectiveness of the parallelism technique using XCP precision attachment in taking radiographs by students of the intramural clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of El Salvador in a period from September to November 1998

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo, mostrar la efectividad de la técnica de paralelismo con aditamentos de precisión XCP; en la toma de radiografías por los estudiantes de las clínicas intramurales de la facultad de odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador en un periodo de septiembre a noviembre de 1998. Dicha investigación consta de cinco fases donde la primera contiene el planteamiento del problema que enmarca la situación en la que se presentan todas aquellas circunstancias que hacen valedera la realización de esta investigación; como también todas aquellas dificultades que se presentan a laos estudiantes de odontología del área de diagnostico al realizar la toma de radiografías, también se presenta el enunciado del problema, el cual es el punto de partida para la realización de esta investigación, además esta fase consta de la justificación en donde se presentan todas aquellas razones por las cuales esta investigación amerita ser realizada; concluyendo esta fase con la presentación de los objetivos tanto general como específicos, alcances y limitaciones. La segunda fase se refiere al marco teórico, el cual está formado por antecedentes del tema de estudio. En la tercera fase se encuentra la formulación de la hipótesis en donde se plantea todas aquellas suposiciones que al ser demostradas permitirán la comprobación de los objetivos, además en esta fase se presentan las variables e indicadores en estudio y la definición operacional de dichas variables. En la cuarta fase se contempla la metodología que consta del tipo de investigación, la población en que fue realizada y como fueron seleccionadas, además contiene las técnicas e instrumentos realizados en la realización del experimento. En la quinta fase se encuentran los resultados obtenidos en la investigación, la comprobación de hipótesis a partir de estos resultados y las conclusiones tanto específicas como generales de la investigación, así como las recomendaciones hechas por los investigadores a partir de las conclusiones.

The present research aims to show the effectiveness of the parallelism technique with XCP precision attachments; in the taking of X-rays by the students of the intramural clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of El Salvador in a period from September to November 1998. Said investigation consists of five phases where the first contains the statement of the problem that frames the situation in which all those circumstances are presented that make the carrying out of this investigation valid; As well as all those difficulties that are presented to the dental students of the diagnostic area when taking X-rays, the statement of the problem is also presented, which is the starting point for the realization of this research, in addition this phase consists of of the justification in which all those reasons are presented for which this investigation deserves to be carried out; concluding this phase with the presentation of both general and specific objectives, scope and limitations. The second phase refers to the theoretical framework, which is formed by antecedents of the subject of study. In the third phase is the formulation of the hypothesis where all those assumptions are raised that when demonstrated will allow the verification of the objectives, also in this phase the variables and indicators under study and the operational definition of said variables are presented. In the fourth phase, the methodology that consists of the type of research, the population in which it was carried out and how they were selected, also contains the techniques and instruments used in carrying out the experiment. In the fifth phase are the results obtained in the research, the hypothesis testing based on these results and the specific and general conclusions of the research, as well as the recommendations made by the researchers based on the conclusions.