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2.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 35(4)dic. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441755

RESUMO

La imagen es parte de la columna vertebral en la medicina y que llega a su máximo punto en la Oftalmología. La importancia de la fotografía ocular va desde registrar condiciones médicas específicas, rastrear la progresión de enfermedades y crear ilustraciones para la publicación y la enseñanza; en resumen, una herramienta indispensable para el diagnóstico. Los aditamentos que en la presente publicación mostramos, son el resultado de una investigación de desarrollo que se realizó en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", durante el año 2021 con el objetivo de crear aditamentos que, acoplados a los teléfonos inteligentes, permiten tomar imágenes en el área de la Oftalmología utilizando la tecnología de impresión 3D. Inicialmente se identificaron los lugares que permitan crear imágenes en la especialidad con un aditamento y el teléfono inteligente, posteriormente se procederá a diseñar los aditamentos de acuerdo a las características del lugar donde se van a utilizar y finalmente mostramos la utilidad de los prototipos diseñados en la práctica docente(AU)


Imaging is part of the backbone in medicine and it reaches its peak in Ophthalmology. The importance of ocular photography ranges from recording specific medical conditions, tracking disease progression, and creating illustrations for publication and teaching; in short, an indispensable tool for diagnosis. The attachments, which we show in the present publication, are the result of a development research that was carried out at the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology "Ramón Pando Ferrer" during the year 2021 with the aim of creating attachments that, coupled to smartphones, allow taking images in the area of Ophthalmology using 3D printing technology. Initially we identified the places that allow creating images in the specialty with an attachment and the smartphone, then we will proceed to design the attachments according to the characteristics of the place where they will be used and finally we show the usefulness of the designed prototypes in the teaching practice(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Oftalmologia , Fotografia/métodos
3.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 35(2)jun. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441718

RESUMO

Objetivo: Identificar la relación de los pseudodrusen reticulares con la degeneración macular asociada a la edad mediante imágenes tomográficas. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en pacientes con pseudodrusen reticulares atendidos en consulta de retina a los que se les realizó tomografía de coherencia óptica espectral desde enero de 2009 hasta diciembre de 2014 en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer". La población estuvo constituida por 69 pacientes de 55 años y más con pseudodrusen reticulares en dichas imágenes. Resultados: Los pseudodrusen predominaron en pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 70 y 79 años para un 49,3 por ciento. El sexo femenino fue el más numeroso con un 76,8 por ciento. De los 122 ojos con pseudodrusen, 86 presentaron algún signo de degeneración macular asociada a la edad representado por el 70,5 por ciento. El 58,1 por ciento de estos últimos tuvo la forma avanzada. La membrana neovascular tipo II fue la más frecuente con un 58,0 por ciento. El grosor coroideo se estimó disminuido en el 77,9 por ciento de los casos. Conclusiones: Los pseudodrusen reticulares mantienen una relación directa con la degeneración macular asociada a la edad e influyen en la progresión de esta(AU)


Objective: To identify the relationship of reticular pseudodrusen with age-related macular degeneration using tomographic imaging. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with reticular pseudodrusen seen in retina consultation who underwent spectral optical coherence tomography from January 2009 to December 2014 at the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology "Ramón Pando Ferrer". The population consisted of 69 patients aged 55 years and older with reticular pseudodrusen in these images. Results: Pseudodrusen predominated in patients between 70 and 79 years of age (49.3 percent). The female gender was the most numerous with 76.8 percent. Out of the 122 eyes with pseudodrusen, 86 showed some sign of age-related macular degeneration (70.5 percent). Out of the latter, 58.1 percent had the advanced form. Type II neovascular membrane was the most frequent with 58.0 percent. Choroidal thickness was estimated decreased in 77.9 percent of cases. Conclusions: Reticular pseudodrusen maintain a direct relationship with age-related macular degeneration and influence its progression(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Degeneração Macular/etiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto
4.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 34(2): e1094, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341462

RESUMO

La catarata senil es la primera causa de ceguera reversible en el mundo y la cirugía constituye el único método para solucionar esta enfermedad, con alto nivel de seguridad y elevada mejoría en calidad visual y de vida. Por ser una afectación que ocurre en pacientes de la tercera edad, con frecuencia presentan enfermedades sistémicas como hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, enfermedades cardiovasculares, entre otras. Hasta esta fecha se indican exámenes de laboratorio de rutina en el preoperatorio que para algunas instituciones son innecesarios por el bajo riesgo de esta técnica quirúrgica. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed, Cochrane y Google Académico con el objetivo de revisar lo relacionado con la necesidad de efectuar estos exámenes de laboratorio como rutina antes de la cirugía de catarata. Existen pocos artículos referentes al tema, por lo que se seleccionaron los de mayor evidencia científica. Se pudo concluir que no hay evidencia sobre los requerimientos y necesidades de estudios de laboratorio en el preoperatorio, ya que sus resultados no aportan la capacidad de predecir la morbilidad o de cambiar la conducta relacionada con el proceder quirúrgico o anestésico(AU)


Senile cataract is the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide. Surgery is the only method available to heal this condition, with a high level of safety and considerable improvement in visual quality and quality of life. Being as it is a condition occurring in elderly patients, systemic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, among others, are usually present. Routine preoperative laboratory tests are customarily indicated which some institutions consider unnecessary due to the low risk of this surgical procedure. A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane and Google Scholar with the purpose of reviewing published information about the need to conduct these laboratory tests as routine practice before cataract surgery. Since few papers about the topic were available, a selection was made of the ones providing the most relevant scientific evidence. It was concluded that no evidence exists about the requirements of and need for preoperative laboratory studies, since their results do not contribute to the ability to predict morbidity or change the conduct related to the surgical or anesthetic procedure(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/efeitos adversos , Extração de Catarata/métodos , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Qualidade de Vida , Gestão da Qualidade Total
5.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33946914

RESUMO

We aimed to identify and compare medication profiles in populations with polypharmacy between 2005 and 2015. We conducted a cross-sectional study using information from the Computerized Database for Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies in Primary Care (BIFAP, Spain). We estimated the prevalence of therapeutic subgroups in all individuals 15 years of age and older with polypharmacy (≥5 drugs during ≥6 months) using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system level 4, by sex and age group, for both calendar years. The most prescribed drugs were proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), statins, antiplatelet agents, benzodiazepine derivatives, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The greatest increases between 2005 and 2015 were observed in PPIs, statins, other antidepressants, and ß-blockers, while the prevalence of antiepileptics was almost tripled. We observed increases in psychotropic drugs in women and cardiovascular medications in men. By patient´s age groups, there were notable increases in antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antiepileptics (15-44 years); antidepressants, PPIs, and selective ß-blockers (45-64 years); selective ß-blockers, biguanides, PPIs, and statins (65-79 years); and in statins, selective ß-blockers, and PPIs (80 years and older). Our results revealed important increases in the use of specific therapeutic subgroups, like PPIs, statins, and psychotropic drugs, highlighting opportunities to design and implement strategies to analyze such prescriptions' appropriateness.


Assuntos
Prescrições de Medicamentos , Polimedicação , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Farmacoepidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
8.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf ; 29(4): 433-443, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31908111

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To analyze the evolution of the prevalence of polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy in a Spanish population, and to improve the identification of patients with polypharmacy. METHODS: A descriptive, annual cross-sectional observational study was carried out. PATIENTS: individuals over 14 years of age included in a multiregional primary care database of the Spanish population (BIFAP). ANALYSIS: prescription data. Period 2005-2015. VARIABLES: proportion of patients with polypharmacy (simultaneous prescription of ≥5 drugs) and excessive polypharmacy (≥10 drugs) for at least 6 months, according to sex and age groups. A trend analysis of the studied period was performed (overall, and by sex and age groups). RESULTS: The data are reported on a comparative basis (2005 vs 2015). Number of patients analyzed: 2664743 vs 4 002 877. The prevalence of polypharmacy increased significantly (2.5% vs 8.9%, P-value for trend <0.001), being greater in females throughout the study period and in the group aged ≥80 years (P-value for trends <0.001). The prevalence of excessive polypharmacy also increased significantly (0.1% vs 1%, P-value for trend <0.001), being higher in the group aged ≥80 years (P-value for trend <0.001). The proportion of patients with no chronic treatment decreased (80.2% vs 63.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of polypharmacy in this Spanish population has tripled in the period 2005-2015, while excessive polypharmacy has increased 10-fold. These increments are seen in both sexes and in all age groups, particularly in individuals over 80 years of age. The proportion of patients without chronic treatments has decreased.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados Factuais/tendências , Prescrição Inadequada/tendências , Polimedicação , Vigilância da População/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Bases de Dados Factuais/normas , Prescrições de Medicamentos/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
10.
Aten Primaria ; 50 Suppl 2: 70-79, 2018 11.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30279013

RESUMO

The increasing longevity of the population, the increase in morbidity and the consumption of medications have caused that polypharmacy is a priority health problem due to its consequences: increase of adverse effects, pharmacological interactions and favor the functional deterioration of the patient. The clinical situation of the patients changes over time and it is necessary to adjust the medication in each stage, assessing the fragility, the level of dependence and the functional deterioration. Deprescription is complex and requires an adequate clinical and pharmacological formation. In Primary Care lies the greater knowledge of the patient and their environment, and in a shared way with the patient and caregivers, it is necessary to assess which drugs to maintain and which ones to withdraw from a clinical, ethical and social perspective. There are tools to help deprescription that can be useful for Primary Care to facilitate this process and that are detailed in this article.


Assuntos
Desprescrições , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Idoso Fragilizado , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Assistência Terminal , Idoso , Humanos , Polimedicação , Atenção Primária à Saúde
11.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 31(1)ene.-mar. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1508338

RESUMO

Objetivo: determinar los hallazgos del fondo de ojo en los boxeadores cubanos activos asintomáticos en dos grupos de estudio. Métodos: se efectuó un estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal en los boxeadores de la preselección nacional de boxeo, a quienes se les realizó un fondo de ojo anual, con pupila dilatada y oftalmoscopia binocular indirecta con depresión escleral, en el Servicio de Vítreo-Retina del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer". Se tomaron dos grupos, el primero comprendido entre los años 1995 y 2000 (115) y el segundo grupo después de formar parte de la franquicia de los domadores de Cuba en los años 2015 - 2016 (38), donde se realizaron cambios en el estilo de la competencia. Resultados: en los dos grupos estudiados la agudeza visual sin corrección fue mayor de 0,8. En ambos grupos se observó un aumento de la visibilidad de las fibras a nivel del vítreo periférico. Más de la mitad de los ojos de los atletas tenían una retina normal. El desprendimiento de retina se presentó en 1,3 y 2,6 por ciento, respectivamente. Existían lesiones en la retina periférica pero la frecuencia fue baja. No existieron diferencias significativas en ambos grupos. El tratamiento más frecuente realizado en los ojos con lesiones retinales en los dos grupos fue la fotocoagulación focal con láser de argón. Conclusiones: el chequeo anual oftalmológico de los boxeadores garantiza un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento oportuno profiláctico o quirúrgico. Así se alarga la vida profesional activa de los boxeadores y se mantiene una buena calidad de vida al concluir su vida deportiva(AU)


Objective: determine funduscopy findings in Cuban active asymptomatic boxers from two study groups. Methods: across-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted with boxers from the national boxing trial team, who underwent annual funduscopy with dilated pupils and indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy with scleral depression at the Vitreous-Retina Service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. Two groups were formed: one corresponding to the period 1995-2000 (115) and the other after being part of the Cuban Domadores (Tamers) team in 2015-2016 (38), when changes were made to competition styles. Results: in the two groups studied, uncorrected visual acuity was above 0.8. In both an increase was observed in the visibility of peripheral vitreous fibers. More than half of the athletes' eyes had a normal retina. Retinal detachment was present in 1.3 percent and 2.6 percent, respectively. There were lesions on the peripheral retina, but their frequency was low. No significant differences were found in the groups. The most common treatment indicated in the two groups for eyes with retinal lesions was argon laser focal photocoagulation. Conclusions: annual ophthalmological examination of boxers ensures early diagnosis and timely prophylactic or surgical treatment with the purpose of lengthening their active professional life and maintaining a good quality of life upon retirement(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Fundo de Olho , Fotocoagulação/métodos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudo Observacional
12.
Gac Sanit ; 30(6): 477-479, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27325122

RESUMO

The need for new approaches to strategic planning by incorporating the perspectives of professionals and inhabitants has led to a new model for the 3rd Canary Islands (Spain) Health Plan (IIIPSC). A dual-phase participatory process using qualitative techniques is proposed: 1) local phase: a quantitative and qualitative study based on training and a research-action-participation initiative; and 2) insular phase: health conferences with face-to-face discussion of results in each health area (island) and proposals for action. The process prioritises problems and establishes a specific action plan for each island through initiatives that are considered to be viable, grouped by themes and weighted according to the potential impact on priority problems. This process of interaction may help to guide planning model changes and health policy decision-making, and was included in the IIIPSC Project for its parliamentary procedure.


Assuntos
Regionalização da Saúde/métodos , Tomada de Decisões , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Espanha
17.
Aten Primaria ; 42(7): 380-7, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20138406

RESUMO

AIM: To examine how the different Spanish health regions are evaluating pharmaceutical prescription quality and the type of prescribing indicators used. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The 17 Spanish Autonomous Communities during the period from January to December 2007. MEASUREMENTS: Definition and type of prescribing indicators, measurement units. RESULTS: We obtained information from 16 of the 17 CCAA through their health services. All health services had developed quality indicators of drug prescription. The number of indicators varied from 3 to 22 between regions. Most of the regions are using indicators based on adequate selection of drugs. Nine of the 16 CCAA are also including prevalence indicators and only the Basque Country and Cantabria are using indicators based on the quality of the therapeutic process. Nine CCAA use the number of packs as measurement unit and the other seven CCAA measure prescriptions in defined daily doses (ddd). The indicators most frequently used are: percentage of new drugs in 15 CCAA (93%), omeprazole in total IBP drugs in 13 (81.2%), percentage of generic drugs in 11 (68.7%) and selection of NSAID in 10 (62%). CONCLUSION: Each regional health service has developed its own set of drug prescription quality indicators. Consequently, there is great variability between regions in the assessment of the quality of drug prescription. Common indicators are needed in order to establish a benchmarking process between regional health services.


Assuntos
Prescrições de Medicamentos/normas , Estudos Transversais , Controle de Qualidade , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Espanha
18.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 33(3)jul.-sept. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-400230

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo en 826 pacientes ingresados en Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey entre enero de 2001 y enero de 2002, con el objetivo de conocer la incidencia de insuficiencia renal aguda, los factores que intervienen en su desarrollo, la mortalidad y la estadía hospitalaria entre otros aspectos. Se les realizó determinación diaria de creatinina sérica, medición horaria de la diuresis, determinación de electrólitos, gases sanguíneos. Al 15 por ciento de estos pacientes se les diagnosticó una insuficiencia renal aguda. Los estados de shock y la sepsis sistémica fueron las principales causas del fallo renal; la estadía hospitalaria de este grupo de pacientes fue mayor. El tratamiento dialítico se realizó en el 12,6 por ciento de ellos; en ninguno de los fallecidos el fracaso renal constituyó causa directa de la muerte, pero sí fue contribuyente en la totalidad de estos


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Injúria Renal Aguda , Diálise Renal/métodos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Sepse , Choque
19.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 33(2)abr.-jun. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-387077

RESUMO

Se estudiaron 79 pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda, ingresados en terapia intensiva. Se formaron 2 grupos independientes que recibieron tratamiento con hemodiálisis arteriovenosa continua (N = 10) y con hemodiálisis convencional (N = 10), con el objetivo de mostrar las ventajas de la hemodiálisis arteriovenosa continua en el paciente crítico. El descenso de las cifras de creatinina se comportó estadísticamente significativo en la hemodiálisis arteriovenosa continua; la recuperación de la función renal fue más rápida en los pacientes tratados con el método lento y continuo; la ultrafiltración obtenida resultó mayor en la hemodiálisis arteriovenosa continua. La recuperación de la función renal constituyó la principal causa de suspensión del tratamiento. El mayor número de complicaciones se presentó en la hemodiálisis convencional. Se demostró que la hemodiálisis arteriovenosa continua ofrece mejores opciones de tratamiento dialítico en el paciente crítico que la hemodiálisis convencional


Assuntos
Humanos , Injúria Renal Aguda , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Diálise Renal/métodos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva
20.
Humanidad. med ; 3(2): 0-0, Mayo-ago. 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-738494

RESUMO

Se realiza un estudio sobre las interacciones entre el contexto sociocultural, la ciencia y la tecnología en el surgimiento y desarrollo de un novedoso procedimiento científico terapéutico: La Hemodiálisis Arteriovenosa continua, así como los posibles impactos sociales, económicos y científicos que traería consigo la aplicación de esta nueva tecnología, se concluye que el desarrollo científico tecnológico alcanzado alrededor de la segunda guerra mundial, así como la alta mortalidad en heridos con Insuficiencia renal aguda jugaron un importante papel en el surgimiento de la hemodiálisis. Las ventajas económicas que ofrece la aplicación de este proceder hace muy útil su aplicación en Cuba y otros países en vías de desarrollo que no tienen acceso a las caras tecnologías capitalistas. El modelo cubano de construcción del socialismo con una visión amplia en ciencia, tecnología y sociedad, ofrece respuestas efectivas al desafío científico tecnológico que hoy enfrentan los países subdesarrollados.


A study on the interactions among the sociocultural context, science and technology in the emergence and development of a novel therapeutic scientific procedure: Continuous Arteriovenous Hemodyalisis is carried out, as well as the possible social, economic and scientific impacts of the application of this new technology. It is concluded that the technological-scientific development reached around the Second World War, as well as the high mortality among wounded soldiers with acute renal insufficiency played an important role in the emergence of hemodialysis. The economic advantages that the application of this procedure offers makes very useful its application in Cuba and other developing countries that don't have access to expensive capitalist technologies. The Cuban pattern for the construction of socialism, with its wide vision of science, technology and society, offers effective answers to the technological-scientific challenge that underdeveloped countries face.

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