RESUMO
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) therapies approved so far are unable to effectively reverse the chronic phase of the disease or improve the remyelination process. Here our aim is to evaluate the effects of C-Phycocyanin (C-Pc), a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties, in a chronic model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. C-Pc (2, 4 or 8 mg/kg i.p.) or IFN-beta (2000 IU, s.c.) was administered daily once a day or every other day, respectively, starting at disease onset, which differ among EAE mice between 11 and 15 days postinduction. Histological and immunohistochemistry (anti-Mac-3, anti-CD3 and anti-APP) assessments were performed in spinal cord in the postinduction time. Global gene expression in the brain was analyzed with the Illumina Mouse WG-6_V2 BeadChip microarray and the expression of particular genes, assessed by qPCR using the Fast SYBR Green RT-PCR Master Mix. Oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, peroxidation potential, CAT/SOD ratio and GSH) were determined spectrophoto-metrically. Results showed that C-Pc ameliorates the clinical deterioration of animals, an effect that expresses the reduction of the inflammatory infiltrates invading the spinal cord tissue, the axonal preservation and the down-regulation of IL-17 expression in brain tissue and serum. C-Pc and IFN-beta improved the redox status in mice subjected to EAE, while microarray analysis showed that both treatments shared a common subset of differentially expressed genes, although they also differentially modulated another subset of genes. Specifically, C-Pc mainly modulated the expression of genes related to remyelination, gliogenesis and axon-glia processes. Taken together, our results indicate that C-Pc has significant therapeutic effects against EAE, mediated by the dynamic regulation of multiple biological processes.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/patologia , Interferon beta/farmacologia , Regeneração Nervosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Ficocianina/farmacologia , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/patologia , Feminino , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
Se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos naturales anti banda 3 mediante un ensayo inmunoenzimático en microplacas acopladas con la proteína banda 3 en 14 pacientes con drepanocitosis, 4 con crisis vasooclusiva dolorosa y 10 en estado basal. Se demostró una disminución significativa (p = 0,000005) de los niveles de los anticuerpos naturales anti banda 3 en el total de los pacientes al compararlos con los controles normales, lo que puede estar relacionado con un consumo elevado de estos en el proceso de aclaramiento de eritrocitos con hemoglobina SS oxidados o senescentes. No se demostró diferencia estadística entre el grupo de pacientes en estado basal y aquellos con crisis vasooclusiva dolorosa, lo cual sugiere la posibilidad de que no haya participación de los anticuerpos naturales anti banda 3 en la modulación del fenómeno oclusivo que se produce en esta enfermedad. Se recomienda el estudio longitudinal de un número mayor de pacientes, que permita profundizar en este aspecto.
The presence of natural anti-band 3 antibodies was determined by an immunoenzymatic assay in microplaques coupled with band 3 protein in 14 patients with drepanocytosis, 4 with painful vasoocclusive crisis and 10 in the basal state. It was proved a significant reduction (p = 0,000005) of the levels of natural anti-band 3 antibodies in all the patients on comparing them with the normal controls, which may be related to an elevated consumption of these in the clearance process of oxidized or senescent erythrocytes with hemoglobin SS. There was no statistical difference between the group of patients in the basal state and those with painful vasoocclusive crisis, which suggests that the natural anti-band 3 antibodies do not take part in the modulation of the occlusive phenomenon that is produced in this disease. The longitudinal study of a greater number of patients that allows to go deep into this apect is recommended.