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1.
J Small Anim Pract ; 64(5): 321-329, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36717107

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence and extent of gastroesophageal reflux, and the prevalence of regurgitation in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging, and to explore possible associations of reflux and regurgitation with signalment (breed, age, sex, neuter status), bodyweight, body condition score and drugs used in the anaesthetic protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The thoracic part of the oesophagus was retrospectively assessed for presence and quantification of fluid on two T2 weighted sequences. Patient breed, age, sex, neuter status, weight and body condition score were recorded. Anaesthetic records were reviewed for the presence of regurgitation and detailed anaesthetic protocols. RESULTS: Fifty percent (95% confidence interval: 45 to 57%) of included dogs had evidence of gastroesophageal reflux. Reflux was not associated with the individual breed, age, sex, neuter status or body weight. Brachycephalic dogs did not demonstrate significantly higher rates of reflux compared to non-brachycephalic dogs. A larger volume of reflux was associated with a higher chance of regurgitation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Gastroesophageal reflux is a common finding in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging. Dogs which regurgitated had higher volumes of reflux. Early detection and quantification of the volume of reflux is helpful as it may allow the anaesthetist to take measures which may reduce the risk of associated complications.


Assuntos
Anestésicos , Doenças do Cão , Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Cães , Animais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Prevalência , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico por imagem , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/epidemiologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Coluna Vertebral
2.
J Small Anim Pract ; 63(1): 27-33, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34608641

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe the CT appearance of anal sac adenocarcinoma lesions in a population of dogs including the relations between primary tumour, and locoregional and distant metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of dogs with confirmed anal sac adenocarcinoma and available CT images of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis. RESULTS: A population of 70 dogs were included in the study. No association was found between anal sac mass size and presence or absence of iliosacral lymph node enlargement. The prevalence of local metastatic disease characterised by iliosacral lymphadenomegaly in this study was 71%, with pulmonary metastases identified in 11% of cases. There were no cases of distant pulmonary metastasis without concurrent locoregional lymphadenomegaly. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In our population of dogs local metastatic spread of anal sac adenocarcinoma was common, with a relatively low prevalence of pulmonary metastasis. The study demonstrates the importance of thorough rectal examination and/or imaging to assess the iliosacral lymph centre in this disease irrespective of the size of the anal sac mass.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais , Sacos Anais , Doenças do Cão , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/veterinária , Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais/diagnóstico por imagem , Sacos Anais/diagnóstico por imagem , Sacos Anais/patologia , Animais , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterinária
3.
J Vet Cardiol ; 38: 1-11, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34653742

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Balloon valvuloplasty is the treatment of choice for dogs with severe type A pulmonic stenosis (PS), but less successful for dogs with annular hypoplasia and unsuitable for supravalvular stenosis or cases with a circumpulmonary coronary malformation. We report outcomes and complications of the first 15 consecutive transvalvular pulmonic stent angioplasty procedures performed by a single center in dogs with PS. ANIMALS: Fifteen dogs with naturally occurring PS were included in the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dogs underwent echocardiography before and four weeks after the procedure. Transvenous approaches were used to deploy a pre-mounted, balloon-expandable metallic stent in all cases. RESULTS: Of 15 dogs, all had annular hypoplasia, and in addition, supravalvular stenosis was diagnosed in 11 of 15 dogs, and three had R2A coronary malformation. All dogs survived to discharge. One dog died less than four weeks postoperatively (non-cardiac), but 14 of 15 dogs were re-examined at four weeks. Severity reduced in all cases; median pressure gradient reduced from 137 mmHg (range 81-202 mmHg) to 83 mmHg (range 31-155 mmHg). Clinical signs improved in all cases, and hematocrit reduced in all dogs with erythrocytosis. The median follow-up time was 280 days (range 95-896 days). Over one-year follow-up was available in six of fifteen dogs. Two dogs died because of refractory right-sided congestive heart failure signs: one at 10 months and one at 22 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Transvalvular pulmonic stent angioplasty technique was associated with an improvement in clinical signs and reduction in stenosis severity for all dogs in this population, including cases with supravalvular PS or circumpulmonary coronary malformation.


Assuntos
Valvuloplastia com Balão , Doenças do Cão , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar , Angioplastia/veterinária , Animais , Valvuloplastia com Balão/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/veterinária , Stents/veterinária
4.
Vet J ; 275: 105708, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34147643

RESUMO

Exercise-induced upper airway collapse (UAC) probably occurs when the stabilising muscles of the upper airway are unable to withstand the dramatic changes in airflow and pressure that occurs during exercise. In racehorses, the mainstay of treatment is surgical intervention. In human athletes, exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction has been treated successfully with inspiratory muscle training (IMT). The aims of this study were: (1) to assess the feasibility of IMT in racehorses; and (2) describe the exercising endoscopy findings pre- and post-IMT in racehorses diagnosed with dynamic UAC. Horses undergoing IMT wore a mask with an attached threshold-valve to apply an additional load during inspiration, creating a training stimulus with the purpose of increasing upper airway muscle strength. Each horse underwent IMT once daily, while standing in the stable, 5-6 days/week for 10 weeks. Endoscopy recordings were analysed in a blinded manner using an objective grading scheme and subjective pairwise analysis. Seventeen horses successfully completed the IMT protocol, with full information available for 10 horses. Objective grading analysis showed a lower grade of vocal fold collapse (6/9 horses), palatal instability (7/10 horses) and intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (5/7 horses) post-IMT. Pairwise subjective analysis suggested better overall airway function post-IMT in 3/10 horses. The main limitations of this preliminary investigation were the low number of horses examined and lack of a control population. Further research is required to investigate the effects of IMT on upper airway muscle strength and to evaluate its efficacy for prevention and treatment of UAC.


Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/veterinária , Exercícios Respiratórios/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/terapia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/terapia , Animais , Endoscopia/veterinária , Feminino , Cavalos , Masculino , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Estudos Prospectivos
5.
J Small Anim Pract ; 61(6): 368-373, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32297329

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: First, to investigate the biological variability of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in healthy Labrador retrievers and compare this with current laboratory recommendations for dilated cardiomyopathy screening. Second, to calculate a breed-specific reference interval and validate it in a retrospective cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasma NT-proBNP was measured in 51 clinically healthy Labrador retrievers at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Coefficient of variation for individual dogs over time, the coefficient of variation for the group at each time point and the index of individuality were calculated. A reference interval was derived and tested on a clinical dataset available from four UK cardiology referral centres. RESULTS: Median NT-proBNP was 865 pmol/L (315 to 2064 pmol/L). Mean individual coefficient of variation was 19% (95% CI: 16 to 21%) and group coefficient of variation was 43% (95% CI: 41 to 46%), with index of individuality at 0.44. The breed-specific reference interval was 275 to 2100 pmol/L. In the validation group, 93% of NT-proBNP measurements from healthy dogs were within the reference interval. NT-proBNP measurements exceeded the reference interval in 82% of dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. The upper bound of the reference interval (2100 pmol/L) had a positive predictive value of 90% and a negative predictive value of 87% for identification of dilated cardiomyopathy in this population. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Breed-specific reference intervals might improve the diagnostic accuracy of NT-proBNP measurement. Applying the currently recommended general cut-off value to Labradors is likely to result in frequent false positives and diagnosis would be improved by application of the new breed-specific reference interval calculated here.


Assuntos
Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , Animais , Biomarcadores , Cães , Valores de Referência , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Vet J ; 255: 105420, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31982083

RESUMO

Pathophysiological cardiac and renal interactions are termed cardiovascular-renal disorder (CvRD). Cardiovascular disease/dysfunction secondary to kidney disease (CvRDK), is a leading cause of death in human chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The presence and clinical impact of CvRDK in dogs with CKD is unknown. We hypothesized that echocardiographic measurements, and cardiac and renal biomarkers, will be altered in dogs with CKD and associated with survival. Eleven dogs with CKD (n = 6 IRIS stage 2, n = 5 IRIS stage 3) and without primary cardiac disease, plus 12 healthy age-matched control dogs, were recruited to this prospective observational study. Dogs underwent standard echocardiography, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation by iohexol clearance, and measurement of plasma cardiac troponin I and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), plasma and urinary cystatin B, and urinary clusterin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Values were compared between groups, and their association with all-cause mortality explored. Dogs with CKD had significantly lower GFR and higher NT-proBNP, urinary cystatin B, clusterin, and NGAL, compared to controls (P < 0.05). Echocardiographic measurements were similar between dogs with CKD and controls. Median follow-up time was 666 days, during which six dogs with CKD died. Risk of death was associated with increasing age, serum total protein, and normalized left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWDN) and decreasing bodyweight and packed cell volume. Although baseline differences in echocardiographic measurements were not evident between dogs with moderate CKD and controls, the presence of CvRDK was suggested by the association between LVPWDN and survival.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/urina , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/veterinária , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Clusterina/urina , Cistatina B/sangue , Cistatina B/urina , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Cães , Ecocardiografia/veterinária , Feminino , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/veterinária , Lipocalina-2/urina , Masculino , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Troponina I/sangue
7.
J Vet Cardiol ; 19(4): 325-338, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28734620

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Spironolactone improves outcome in dogs with advanced myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Its efficacy in preclinical MMVD is unknown. The hypothesis was the administration of spironolactone to dogs with compensated MMVD demonstrating risk factors for poorer prognosis will decrease the rate of disease progression. The aim was to provide pilot data to evaluate preliminary effects and sample size calculation for a definitive clinical trial. ANIMALS: Twenty-five client-owned dogs with MMVD with at least one of the following; left atrial to aortic ratio (LA:Ao) ≥ 1.5, normalized left ventricular internal diameter in diastole ≥ 1.6), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) > 550 pmol/L, cardiac troponin I > 0.025 ng/mL. METHODS: Prospective, single-center, equally randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel grouped pilot study. No dogs were receiving medications for cardiac disease before the enrollment. RESULTS: Twelve dogs received placebo; 13 received spironolactone. One dog in the spironolactone group died suddenly, 1 developed congestive heart failure, and 2 received suboptimal spironolactone doses. At enrollment, NT-proBNP was significantly higher in the spironolactone group (p=0.005). Left atrial to aortic ratio (p=0.002) and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (p=0.005) increased over time in the placebo group, but not the spironolactone group; the change did not differ significantly between groups. The change in biomarker concentrations did not differ significantly between groups; there was a tendency toward an increase in NT-proBNP over time in the placebo group. Enrollment of 76 dogs would be necessary to demonstrate a difference in the change in LA:Ao over 6 months between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results support undertaking a larger clinical trial of treatment of dogs with preclinical MMVD with spironolactone.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/veterinária , Espironolactona/uso terapêutico , Animais , Cães , Feminino , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Valva Mitral/efeitos dos fármacos , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Prospectivos
8.
J Vet Cardiol ; 18(4): 398-404, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27613649

RESUMO

Management of symptomatic bradyarrhythmias such as complete atrioventricular block often involves permanent implantation of a transvenous pacemaker. Both during and after implantation, the operator can telemetrically assess and adjust a variety of electrical parameters associated with the pacemaker function in order to optimize the sensitivity, reliability, and power consumption of the device. Herein, we report an unexpected change in the paced electrocardiographic QRS complex morphology in two dogs undergoing bipolar pacing associated with changes in the pacemaker output amplitude settings first detected during threshold testing. The exclusivity of the electrocardiographic changes solely on pacemaker output settings, consistency between the surface electrocardiogram and ventricular endocardial electrogram, and resolution of this phenomenon when dogs were re-programmed to unipolar pacing is consistent with depolarization of the ventricular myocardium by the anodal electrode of the pacing lead at high pacemaker amplitudes. Anodal stimulation is a potential cause of varying QRS complex morphology witnessed during pacemaker evaluation and interrogation.


Assuntos
Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/veterinária , Marca-Passo Artificial/veterinária , Animais , Cães , Eletrodos , Masculino , Marca-Passo Artificial/efeitos adversos
9.
J Vet Intern Med ; 30(2): 536-42, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26813037

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pleural effusion is a common cause of dyspnea in cats. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurement, using a first-generation quantitative ELISA, in plasma and pleural fluid differentiates cardiac from noncardiac causes of pleural effusion. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To determine whether NT-proBNP measurements using second-generation quantitative ELISA and point-of-care (POC) tests in plasma and pleural fluid distinguish cardiac from noncardiac pleural effusions and how results compare to the first-generation ELISA. ANIMALS: Thirty-eight cats (US cohort) and 40 cats (UK cohort) presenting with cardiogenic or noncardiogenic pleural effusion. METHODS: Prospective cohort study. Twenty-one and 17 cats in the US cohort, and 22 and 18 cats in the UK cohort were classified as having cardiac or noncardiac pleural effusion, respectively. NT-proBNP concentrations in paired plasma and pleural fluid samples were measured using second-generation ELISA and POC assays. RESULTS: The second-generation ELISA differentiated cardiac from noncardiac pleural effusion with good diagnostic accuracy (plasma: sensitivity, 95.2%, specificity, 82.4%; pleural fluid: sensitivity, 100%, specificity, 76.5%). NT-proBNP concentrations were greater in pleural fluid (719 pmol/L (134-1500)) than plasma (678 pmol/L (61-1500), P = 0.003), resulting in different cut-off values depending on the sample type. The POC test had good sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (87.5%) when using plasma samples. In pleural fluid samples, the POC test had good sensitivity (100%) but low specificity (64.7%). Diagnostic accuracy was similar between first- and second-generation ELISA assays. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Measurement of NT-proBNP using a quantitative ELISA in plasma and pleural fluid or POC test in plasma, but not pleural fluid, distinguishes cardiac from noncardiac causes of pleural effusion in cats.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias/veterinária , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Derrame Pleural/veterinária , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Animais , Líquidos Corporais/química , Gatos , Estudos de Coortes , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Exsudatos e Transudatos/química , Feminino , Cardiopatias/complicações , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico , Masculino , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/química , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico , Derrame Pleural/etiologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
10.
J Vet Intern Med ; 29(2): 575-81, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25818211

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Several risk factors already have been determined for dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). Risk factors often have been considered in isolation and have not always taken into account additional information provided by the history and physical examination (PE). HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Data obtained from history and PE of dogs with DMVD provide prognostic information and can be used for risk stratification. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs (n = 244) with DMVD recruited from first opinion practice. METHODS: Prospective longitudinal follow-up of dogs with DMVD. History and PE data were obtained at 6-month intervals and analyzed with time-dependent Cox models to derive relative risk of cardiac death. Independent hazard ratios were used to derive a clinical severity score (CSS), the prognostic value of which was evaluated by analyzing the median survival times for different risk groups and ROC analysis. Analysis of the progression of CSS over time also was undertaken. RESULTS: History of cough, exercise intolerance, decreased appetite, breathlessness (difficulty breathing) and syncope with PE findings of heart murmur intensity louder than III/VI and absence of respiratory sinus arrhythmia were independently associated with outcome and allowed development of the CSS. Clinical severity score distinguished groups of dogs with significantly different outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Routinely obtained clinical findings allow risk stratification of dogs with DMVD. Results of ancillary diagnostic tests may be complementary to history and PE findings and always should be interpreted in conjunction with these findings.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/mortalidade , Prolapso da Valva Mitral/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Prolapso da Valva Mitral/mortalidade , Prolapso da Valva Mitral/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Análise de Sobrevida
11.
J Vet Intern Med ; 29(1): 171-9, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25308881

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cardiac biomarkers provide objective data that augments clinical assessment of heart disease (HD). HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Determine the utility of plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration [NT-proBNP] measured by a 2nd generation canine ELISA assay to discriminate cardiac from noncardiac respiratory distress and evaluate HD severity. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs (n = 291). METHODS: Multicenter, cross-sectional, prospective investigation. Medical history, physical examination, echocardiography, and thoracic radiography classified 113 asymptomatic dogs (group 1, n = 39 without HD; group 2, n = 74 with HD), and 178 with respiratory distress (group 3, n = 104 respiratory disease, either with or without concurrent HD; group 4, n = 74 with congestive heart failure [CHF]). HD severity was graded using International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) and ACVIM Consensus (ACVIM-HD) schemes without knowledge of [NT-proBNP] results. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis assessed the capacity of [NT-proBNP] to discriminate between dogs with cardiac and noncardiac respiratory distress. Multivariate general linear models containing key clinical variables tested associations between [NT-proBNP] and HD severity. RESULTS: Plasma [NT-proBNP] (median; IQR) was higher in CHF dogs (5,110; 2,769-8,466 pmol/L) compared to those with noncardiac respiratory distress (1,287; 672-2,704 pmol/L; P < .0001). A cut-off >2,447 pmol/L discriminated CHF from noncardiac respiratory distress (81.1% sensitivity; 73.1% specificity; area under curve, 0.84). A multivariate model comprising left atrial to aortic ratio, heart rate, left ventricular diameter, end-systole, and ACVIM-HD scheme most accurately associated average plasma [NT-proBNP] with HD severity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Plasma [NT-proBNP] was useful for discriminating CHF from noncardiac respiratory distress. Average plasma [NT-BNP] increased significantly as a function of HD severity using the ACVIM-HD classification scheme.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/sangue , Dispneia/veterinária , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Insuficiência Cardíaca/veterinária , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Doenças do Cão/classificação , Doenças do Cão/metabolismo , Cães , Dispneia/sangue , Dispneia/diagnóstico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/sangue , Insuficiência Cardíaca/classificação , Masculino
12.
J Vet Intern Med ; 28(2): 393-400, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24494591

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Increased heart rate (HR) and decreased heart rate variability (HRV) are evident in some dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of the factors influencing HR and HRV (assessed by the vasovagal tonus index; VVTI) and their change over time in dogs with DMVD. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs (n = 257) with DMVD recruited from first opinion practice. METHODS: Prospective longitudinal follow-up at six-monthly intervals of dogs with DMVD. Dogs followed up for at least 18 months (n = 102) were grouped according to their outcome as dogs dying/euthanized because of cardiac disease (n = 28; Group 1), noncardiac disease (n = 40; Group 2) and dogs alive (n = 34; Group 3). HR and VVTI were measured on 1-minute ECG recordings. Repeated measures linear models were constructed to investigate the factors that influence HR and VVTI and their changes over time. RESULTS: Heart rate and VVTI were affected by disease severity and were different in Cavaliers compared to other breeds. Group 1 and Group 2 dogs underwent an increase in HR and decrease in VVTI, evident at least 18 months before death. Group 1 had a further decrease in VVTI followed by an increase in HR approximately 1 year and 6 months before death, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Dogs with DMVD have an increase in HR and decrease in HRV over a year before death, with greater changes in those dogs dying/euthanized because of cardiac disease. Both HR and VVTI can potentially be regarded as biomarkers for all-cause mortality.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/veterinária , Animais , Progressão da Doença , Doenças do Cão/fisiopatologia , Cães , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Coração/fisiopatologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Ultrassonografia
13.
J Small Anim Pract ; 54(6): 318-24, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23662951

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate relationships between heart rate and clinical variables in healthy dogs and dogs examined at a referral hospital. METHODS: Clinical data were extracted from the electronic patient records of a first opinion group (5000 healthy dogs) and a referral hospital (5849 dogs). Univariable and multi-variable general linear models were used to assess associations between heart rate and clinical characteristics. Separate multi-variable models were constructed for first opinion and referral populations. RESULTS: In healthy dogs, heart rate was negatively associated with bodyweight (P<0.001) but was higher in Chihuahuas. The mean difference in heart rate between a 5 and 55 kg dog was 10.5 beats per minute. In dogs presenting to a referral hospital, heart rate was negatively associated with bodyweight (P<0.001) and the following breeds; border collie, golden retriever, Labrador retriever, springer spaniel and West Highland white terrier and positively associated with age, admitting service (emergency and critical care, emergency first opinion and cardiology) and the following breeds; Cavalier King Charles spaniel, Staffordshire bull terrier and Yorkshire terrier. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Bodyweight, age, breed and disease status all influence heart rate in dogs, although these factors account for a relatively small proportion of the overall variability in heart rate.


Assuntos
Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Cruzamento , Cães/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Feminino , Masculino
14.
J Vet Intern Med ; 26(2): 302-11, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22369312

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Identification of factors associated with decreased survival in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) will allow more accurate prognosis. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is negatively associated with survival in dogs with DMVD. In human patients, multimarker strategies provide superior risk stratification compared with single markers. HYPOTHESIS: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hscTnI) and other clinical variables will be associated with survival time in dogs with DMVD. Measuring hscTnI and NT-proBNP in combination will be prognostically superior to measurement of either marker alone. The rate of change of these markers will vary according to cause of death. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs (n = 202) with DMVD of varying severity and age-matched healthy control dogs (n = 30) recruited from first opinion private practice. METHODS: Prospective cohort study relating clinical variables at enrollment in dogs with DMVD to survival time (all-cause, cardiac, and noncardiac mortality). Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with survival. Measurements were obtained approximately every 6 months. Repeated measures models were constructed to assess changes over time. RESULTS: hscTnI, LVEDDN, heart rate, and age were independently associated with decreased survival time (all-cause mortality). Survival times were shortest in dogs in which both serum hscTnI and NT-proBNP were increased. hscTnI and NT-proBNP increased more rapidly in dogs that died of cardiac disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Serum hscTnI has prognostic value in dogs with DMVD. Measurement of NT-proBNP and hscTnI is prognostically superior to measuring either alone. Serial measurement strategies provide additional prognostic information.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/veterinária , Valva Mitral/patologia , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Troponina I/sangue , Animais , Estudos de Coortes , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Ecocardiografia Doppler/veterinária , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/sangue , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Análise de Sobrevida
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