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1.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract ; 173: 108685, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33548336

RESUMO

AIMS: Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) is associated with adverse outcomes. We aimed to examine pregnancies affected by PGDM; report on these pregnancy outcomes and compare outcomes for patients with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes mellitus; compare our findings to published Irish and United Kingdom (UK) data and identify potential areas for improvement. METHODS: Between 2016 and 2018 information on 679 pregnancies from 415 women with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and 244 women with type 2 diabetes was analysed. Data was collected on maternal characteristics; pregnancy preparation; glycaemic control; pregnancy related complications; foetal and maternal outcomes; unscheduled hospitalisations; congenital anomalies and perinatal deaths. RESULTS: Only 15.9% of women were adequately prepared for pregnancy. Significant deficits were identified in availability and attendance at pre-pregnancy clinic, use of folic acid, attaining appropriate glycaemic targets and appropriate retinal screening. The majority of pregnancies (n = 567, 83.5%) resulted in a live birth but the large number of infants born large for gestational age (LGA) (n = 280, 49.4%), born prematurely <37 weeks and requiring neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission continue to be significant issues. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective cohort study identifies multiple targets for improvements in the provision of care to women with pre-gestational DM which are likely to translate into better pregnancy outcomes.


Assuntos
Resultado da Gravidez , Gravidez em Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Gravidez em Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Irlanda , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Diabet Med ; 37(12): 2044-2049, 2020 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30710451

RESUMO

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to identify the number of pregnancies affected by pre-gestational diabetes in the Republic of Ireland; to report on pregnancy outcomes and to identify areas for improvement in care delivery and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Healthcare professionals caring for women with pre-gestational diabetes during pregnancy were invited to participate in this retrospective study. Data pertaining to 185 pregnancies in women attending 15 antenatal centres nationally were collected and analysed. Included pregnancies had an estimated date of delivery between 1 January and 31 December 2015. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 122 (65.9%) women with Type 1 diabetes and 56 (30.3%) women with Type 2 diabetes. The remaining 7 (3.8%) pregnancies were to women with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) (n = 6) and post-transplant diabetes (n = 1). Overall women were poorly prepared for pregnancy and lapses in specific areas of service delivery including pre-pregnancy care and retinal screening were identified. The majority of pregnancies 156 (84.3%) resulted in a live birth. A total of 103 (65.5%) women had a caesarean delivery and 58 (36.9%) infants were large for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: This audit identifies clear areas for improvement in delivery of care for women with diabetes in the Republic of Ireland before and during pregnancy.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Cuidado Pré-Concepcional/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Gravidez em Diabéticas/terapia , Aborto Espontâneo/epidemiologia , Adulto , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Cesárea , Auditoria Clínica , Atenção à Saúde , Parto Obstétrico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Retinopatia Diabética/diagnóstico , Feminino , Macrossomia Fetal/epidemiologia , Ácido Fólico/uso terapêutico , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Recém-Nascido , Bombas de Infusão Implantáveis , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Sistemas de Infusão de Insulina , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Irlanda/epidemiologia , Nascido Vivo/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Gravidez , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Natimorto/epidemiologia , Complexo Vitamínico B/uso terapêutico
4.
BMJ Open ; 9(8): e029474, 2019 08 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31375620

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Haemophilia is a rare, inherited disorder in which blood does not clot normally, resulting in bleeding into joints and muscles. Long-term consequence is disabling joint pain, stiffness, muscle weakness, atrophy and reduced mobility. The purpose of this proposed feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) is to test the feasibility of an age-appropriate physiotherapy intervention designed to improve muscle strength, posture and the way boys use their joints during walking and everyday activities. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A small-scale two-centre RCT of a 12-week muscle strengthening exercise intervention versus usual care for young children with haemophilia will be conducted. Primary outcomes will be safety and adherence to the exercise intervention. Secondary outcomes will include recruitment, retention and adverse event rates, clinical data, muscle strength, joint biomechanics and foot loading patterns during walking, 6 min timed walk, timed-up-and-down-stairs, EQ-5D-Y, participants' perceptions of the study, training requirements and relevant costs. Recruitment, follow-up, safety and adherence rates will be described as percentages. Participant diary and interview data will be analysed using a framework analysis. Demographic and disease variable distributions will be analysed for descriptive purposes and covariant analysis. Estimates of differences between treatment arms (adjusted for baseline) and 75% and 95% CIs will be calculated. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has ethical approval from the London-Fulham Research Ethics Committee (17/LO/2043) as well as Health Research Authority approval. As well as informing the design of the definitive trial, results of this study will be presented at local, national and international physiotherapy and haemophilia meetings as well as manuscripts submitted to peer-reviewed journals. We will also share the main findings of the study to all participants and the Haemophilia Society.


Assuntos
Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Hemofilia A/terapia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Força Muscular , Postura , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Teste de Caminhada
5.
Sci Total Environ ; 651(Pt 2): 1992-2002, 2019 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30321722

RESUMO

Inland aquatic ecosystems play an important part in the delivery and support of ecosystem services. However, these ecosystems are subject to stressors associated with human activities such as invasive species introduction and landscape alteration. There is a delicate balance between maintaining good status of the ecosystem whilst meeting the needs of those stakeholders dependent on the ecosystem services it supplies, and where there are many different stakeholders, each with different aspirations and dependencies on the ecosystem, it can be difficult to strike a balance on suitable management measures to put in place. A better understanding of the interactions between the human and ecological functions of the ecosystem (a socio-ecological systems (SES) approach) can enable an effective dialogue to be opened to secure management solutions of best fit. In this study we took a SES approach to explore the dependencies and interactions in the Lough Erne catchment with a range of stakeholders representing the use of the Lough. In particular, we explored how individual stakeholder goals were perceived to be affected by both the biodiversity and activities found in the catchment. Results suggest there are distinct components deemed integral to the success of stakeholder goals in this system, including 'key habitat components' and 'policy relevant species', as well as activities associated with 'conservation and recreation' and 'scientific research'. Those components which were seen to limit the potential achievement of most goals included invasive species, and in particular, more recently introduced invasives, as well as extractive industries. Consideration of the similarity in goals based on their perceived interactions with the activities and biodiversity of the system indicated that there were shared dependencies between some stakeholders, but also differences that highlight the potential for conflict. Future management scenarios should take consideration of the key limiting and enabling factors identified here.


Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Ecossistema , Atividades Humanas , Lagos , Irlanda do Norte , Fatores Socioeconômicos
6.
Sci Total Environ ; 652: 320-329, 2019 Feb 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30366333

RESUMO

The AQUACROSS project was an unprecedented effort to unify policy concepts, knowledge, and management of freshwater, coastal, and marine ecosystems to support the cost-effective achievement of the targets set by the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. AQUACROSS aimed to support EU efforts to enhance the resilience and stop the loss of biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems as well as to ensure the ongoing and future provision of aquatic ecosystem services. The project focused on advancing the knowledge base and application of Ecosystem-Based Management. Through elaboration of eight diverse case studies in freshwater and marine and estuarine aquatic ecosystem across Europe covering a range of environmental management problems including, eutrophication, sustainable fisheries as well as invasive alien species AQUACROSS demonstrated the application of a common framework to establish cost-effective measures and integrated Ecosystem-Based Management practices. AQUACROSS analysed the EU policy framework (i.e. goals, concepts, time frames) for aquatic ecosystems and built on knowledge stemming from different sources (i.e. WISE, BISE, Member State reporting within different policy processes, modelling) to develop innovative management tools, concepts, and business models (i.e. indicators, maps, ecosystem assessments, participatory approaches, mechanisms for promoting the delivery of ecosystem services) for aquatic ecosystems at various scales of space and time and relevant to different ecosystem types.


Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental , Política Ambiental , Europa (Continente) , Eutrofização , Pesqueiros , Água Doce
7.
Bone Joint J ; 97-B(1): 109-14, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25568423

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to report the incidence of arthrofibrosis of the knee and identify risk factors for its development following a fracture of the tibial plateau. We carried out a retrospective review of 186 patients (114 male, 72 female) with a fracture of the tibial plateau who underwent open reduction and internal fixation. Their mean age was 46.4 years (19 to 83) and the mean follow-up was16.0 months (6 to 80). A total of 27 patients (14.5%) developed arthrofibrosis requiring a further intervention. Using multivariate regression analysis, the use of a provisional external fixator (odds ratio (OR) 4.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26 to 17.7, p = 0.021) was significantly associated with the development of arthrofibrosis. Similarly, the use of a continuous passive movement (CPM) machine was associated with significantly less development of arthrofibrosis (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.83, p = 0.024). The effect of time in an external fixator was found to be significant, with each extra day of external fixation increasing the odds of requiring manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA) or quadricepsplasty by 10% (OR = 1.10, p = 0.030). High-energy fracture, surgical approach, infection and use of tobacco were not associated with the development of arthrofibrosis. Patients with a successful MUA had significantly less time to MUA (mean 2.9 months; sd 1.25) than those with an unsuccessful MUA (mean 4.86 months; sd 2.61, p = 0.014). For those with limited movement, therefore, performing an MUA within three months of the injury may result in a better range of movement. Based our results, CPM following operative fixation for a fracture of the tibial plateau may reduce the risk of the development of arthrofibrosis, particularly in patients who also undergo prolonged provisional external fixation.


Assuntos
Fixação Interna de Fraturas/efeitos adversos , Fraturas Intra-Articulares/cirurgia , Articulação do Joelho/patologia , Fraturas da Tíbia/cirurgia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Fibrose/etiologia , Fibrose/fisiopatologia , Seguimentos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Humanos , Incidência , Fraturas Intra-Articulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Radiografia , Reoperação/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fraturas da Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
8.
Gene Ther ; 21(1): 89-95, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24196086

RESUMO

For gene therapy to improve lung function in cystic fibrosis (CF) subjects, repeated administration of the gene transfer agent over the lifetime of patients is likely to be necessary. This requirement limits the utility of adenoviral and adeno-associated viral vectors (both previously evaluated in CF gene therapy trials) because of induced adaptive immune responses that render repeated dosing ineffective. For CF gene therapy trials, non-viral vectors are currently the only viable option. We previously showed that the cationic lipid formulation GL67A is the most efficient of several non-viral vectors analysed for airway gene transfer. Here, we assessed the efficacy and safety of administering 12 inhaled doses of GL67A complexed with pGM169, a CpG-free plasmid encoding human CFTR complementary DNA, into mice. We show that repeated administration of pGM169/GL67A to murine lungs is feasible, safe and achieves reproducible, dose-related and persistent gene expression (>140 days after each dose) using an aerosol generated by a clinically relevant nebuliser. This study supports progression into the first non-viral multidose lung trial in CF patients.


Assuntos
Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/genética , Terapia Genética , Vetores Genéticos , Lipídeos/administração & dosagem , Lipídeos/toxicidade , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasmídeos , Administração por Inalação , Animais , Terapia Combinada , Fibrose Cística/patologia , Fibrose Cística/terapia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
10.
PLoS One ; 8(1): e52972, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23326368

RESUMO

Weevils can devastate food legumes in developing countries, but genetically modified peas (Pisum sativum), chickpeas and cowpeas expressing the gene for alpha-amylase inhibitor-1 (αAI) from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) are completely protected from weevil destruction. αAI is seed-specific, accumulated at high levels and undergoes post-translational modification as it traverses the seed endomembrane system. This modification was thought to be responsible for the reported allergenicity in mice of the transgenic pea but not the bean. Here, we observed that transgenic αAI peas, chickpeas and cowpeas as well as non-transgenic beans were all allergenic in BALB/c mice. Even consuming non-transgenic peas lacking αAI led to an anti-αAI response due to a cross-reactive response to pea lectin. Our data demonstrate that αAI transgenic peas are not more allergenic than beans or non-transgenic peas in mice. This study illustrates the importance of repeat experiments in independent laboratories and the potential for unexpected cross-reactive allergic responses upon consumption of plant products in mice.


Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Pisum sativum/imunologia , Lectinas de Plantas/imunologia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/imunologia , Animais , Cicer/genética , Cicer/imunologia , Cicer/metabolismo , Reações Cruzadas/imunologia , Dieta , Epitélio/imunologia , Epitélio/patologia , Fabaceae/genética , Fabaceae/imunologia , Fabaceae/metabolismo , Feminino , Imunização/métodos , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Pulmão/imunologia , Pulmão/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Pisum sativum/genética , Pisum sativum/metabolismo , Lectinas de Plantas/genética , Lectinas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/imunologia
11.
J Agric Food Chem ; 59(11): 6047-54, 2011 Jun 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21542649

RESUMO

The seeds of peas (Pisum sativum) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) expressing a gene for α-amylase inhibitor-1 (αAI) from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) are protected from damage by old world bruchids (pea and cowpea weevils). Here, we used electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to compare the post-translational modifications of αAI from transgenic sources with the processed forms of the protein from several bean varieties. All sources showed microheterogeneity with differences in the relative abundance of particular variants due to differences in the frequency of addition of glycans, variable processing of glycans, and differences of C-terminal exopeptidase activity. The structural variation among the transgenics was generally within the range of the bean varieties. Previously, mice showed allergic reactions following ingestion of transgenic pea αAI but not bean αAI. Here, only minor differences were observed following intraperitoneal sensitization. Both of the transgenic pea and bean forms of αAI elicited Th1 and Th2 antibody isotype responses, suggesting that both proteins are immunogenic and could potentially be allergenic.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Plantas/química , Cicer/genética , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Expressão Gênica , Phaseolus/genética , Pisum sativum/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/química , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Antígenos de Plantas/genética , Antígenos de Plantas/imunologia , Antígenos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Cicer/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/imunologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Pisum sativum/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/imunologia , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional
12.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 17(4): 572-4, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20636418

RESUMO

Influenza infection most commonly affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts, but can involve extrapulmonary sites, including the myocardium. We report on a case of myocarditis caused by documented 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza in a previously healthy adult, and review the literature on influenza myocarditis.


Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/complicações , Influenza Humana/virologia , Miocardite/diagnóstico , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Miocardite/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Adulto Jovem
14.
Eur Spine J ; 18(7): 938-42, 2009 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19283414

RESUMO

This prospective demographic study was undertaken to review the epidemiology and demographics of all acute admissions to the National Spinal Injuries Unit in Ireland for the 5 years to 2003. The study was conducted at the National Spinal Injuries Unit, Mater Miscericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Records of all patients admitted to our unit from 1999 to 2003 were compiled from a prospective computerized spinal database. In this 5-year period, 942 patients were acutely hospitalized at the National Spinal Injuries Unit. There were 686 (73%) males and 256 (27%) females, with an average age of 32 years (range 16-84 years). The leading cause of admission with a spinal injury was road traffic accidents (42%), followed by falls (35%), sport (11%), neoplasia (7.5%) and miscellaneous (4.5%). The cervical spine was most commonly affected (51%), followed by lumbar (28%) and thoracic (21%). On admission 38% of patients were ASIA D or worse, of which one-third were AISA A. Understanding of the demographics of spinal column injuries in unique populations can help us to develop preventative and treatment strategies at both national and international levels.


Assuntos
Acidentes por Quedas/mortalidade , Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Traumatismos em Atletas/mortalidade , Traumatismos da Coluna Vertebral/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/mortalidade , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Aguda/mortalidade , Doença Aguda/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Traumatismos em Atletas/terapia , Colúmbia Britânica/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/tendências , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Admissão do Paciente/tendências , Estudos Prospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Traumatismos da Coluna Vertebral/patologia , Traumatismos da Coluna Vertebral/terapia , Coluna Vertebral/patologia , Coluna Vertebral/fisiopatologia , Adulto Jovem
15.
Insect Mol Biol ; 18(1): 97-110, 2009 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19196350

RESUMO

The insect digestive system is the first line of defence protecting cells and tissues of the body from a broad spectrum of toxins and antinutritional factors in its food. To gain insight into the nature and breadth of genes involved in adaptation to dietary challenge, a collection of 20 352 cDNAs was prepared from the midgut tissue of cowpea bruchid larvae (Callosobruchus maculatus) fed on regular diet and diets containing antinutritional compounds. Transcript responses of the larvae to dietary soybean cystatin (scN) were analysed using cDNA microarrays, followed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) confirmation with selected genes. The midgut transcript profile of insects fed a sustained sublethal scN dose over the larval life was compared with that of insects treated with an acute high dose of scN for 24 h. A total of 1756 scN-responsive cDNAs was sequenced; these clustered into 967 contigs, of which 653 were singletons. Many contigs (451) did not show homology with known genes, or had homology only with genes of unknown function in a Blast search. The identified differentially regulated sequences encoded proteins presumptively involved in metabolism, structure, development, signalling, defence and stress response. Expression patterns of some scN-responsive genes were consistent in each larval stage, whereas others exhibited developmental stage-specificity. Acute (24 h), high level exposure to dietary scN caused altered expression of a set of genes partially overlapping with the transcript profile seen under chronic lower level exposure. Protein and carbohydrate hydrolases were generally up-regulated by scN whereas structural, defence and stress-related genes were largely down-regulated. These results show that insects actively mobilize genomic resources in the alimentary tract to mitigate the impact of a digestive protease inhibitor. The enhanced or restored digestibility that may result is possibly crucial for insect survival, yet may be bought at the cost of weakened response to other stresses.


Assuntos
Cistatinas/toxicidade , Sistema Digestório/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glycine max/química , Gorgulhos/metabolismo , Animais , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Genes de Insetos/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Gorgulhos/genética
16.
J Appl Physiol (1985) ; 105(4): 1255-61, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18653754

RESUMO

A decrease in load-bearing activity, as experienced during spaceflight or immobilization, affects the musculoskeletal system in animals and humans, resulting in the loss of bone and connective tissue. It has been suggested that hypergravity (HG) can counteract the deleterious effects of microgravity-induced musculoskeletal resorption. However, little consensus information has been collected on the noninvasive measurement of collagen degradation products associated with enhanced load-bearing stress on the skeleton. The purpose of this study is to assess the urinary collagen metabolic profiles of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during 1) 2 wk of basal 1 G (pre-HG), 2) 2 wk of HG (2 G), and 3) two periods of post-HG recovery (1 G). Urine was collected over a 24-h period from six individual rhesus monkeys. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) and collagen cross-links (hydroxylysylpyridinoline and lysylpyridinoline) were measured by reverse-phase HPLC. Urinary calcium, measured by atomic absorption, and creatinine were also assayed. The results indicate no changes in nonreducible cross-links and Hyp during HG. Collagen cross-link biomarker levels were significantly elevated during the 2nd wk of HG. Urinary calcium content was significantly lower during HG than during the 1-G control period, suggesting calcium retention by the body. We conclude that there is an adaptation of the nonhuman primate musculoskeletal system during hyperloading and that noninvasive measurements of musculoskeletal biomarkers can be used as indicators of collagen and mineral metabolism during HG and recovery in nonhuman primates.


Assuntos
Centrifugação , Colágeno/urina , Hipergravidade , Sistema Musculoesquelético/metabolismo , Contramedidas de Ausência de Peso , Adaptação Fisiológica , Aminoácidos/urina , Animais , Biomarcadores/urina , Cálcio/urina , Creatinina/urina , Ingestão de Alimentos , Hidroxiprolina/urina , Macaca mulatta , Fatores de Tempo , Urinálise
17.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 74(14): 4381-9, 2008 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18487396

RESUMO

The use of genetically modified (Bt) crops expressing lepidopteran-specific Cry proteins derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is an effective method to control the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera. As H. armigera potentially develops resistance to Cry proteins, Bt crops should be regarded as one tool in integrated pest management. Therefore, they should be compatible with biological control. Bioassays were conducted to understand the interactions between a Cry2Aa-expressing chickpea line, either a susceptible or a Cry2A-resistant H. armigera strain, and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. In a first concentration-response assay, Cry2A-resistant larvae were more tolerant of M. anisopliae than susceptible larvae, while in a second bioassay, the fungus caused similar mortalities in the two strains fed control chickpea leaves. Thus, resistance to Cry2A did not cause any fitness costs that became visible as increased susceptibility to the fungus. On Bt chickpea leaves, susceptible H. armigera larvae were more sensitive to M. anisopliae than on control leaves. It appeared that sublethal damage induced by the B. thuringiensis toxin enhanced the effectiveness of M. anisopliae. For Cry2A-resistant larvae, the mortalities caused by the fungus were similar when they were fed either food source. To examine which strain would be more likely to be exposed to the fungus, their movements on control and Bt chickpea plants were compared. Movement did not appear to differ among larvae on Bt or conventional chickpeas, as indicated by the number of leaflets damaged per leaf. The findings suggest that Bt chickpeas and M. anisopliae are compatible to control H. armigera.


Assuntos
Bacillus thuringiensis/patogenicidade , Cicer/genética , Mariposas , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Animais , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Proteínas de Bactérias , Endotoxinas , Comportamento Alimentar , Proteínas Hemolisinas , Larva , Metarhizium/patogenicidade , Folhas de Planta
18.
Clin Biochem ; 41(3): 177-9, 2008 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18047837

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Analytic imprecision is used to assess the acceptability of HbA(1c) methods performed on a single analyzer. When multiple analyzers are used interchangeably in a laboratory, the analytic imprecision is usually increased and can obscure the detection of a genuine HbA(1c) trend or result in an artefactual patient trend. We have estimated the imprecision of HbA(1c) testing of patient specimens by three HbA(1c) analyzers independent of reference sample analysis. METHODS: Over 2 years, approximately 150,000 HbA(1c) measurements were obtained from any one of three different Bio-Rad VARIANT II HPLC analyzers operated in a large reference laboratory. We tabulated the HbA(1c) measurements of paired intra-patient blood samples drawn within 30 days of each other. We calculated the standard deviations of duplicates (SDD) of the intra-patient HbA(1c) pairs grouped by the following time intervals: 0-3 days, 4-6 days, 7-9 days, 28-30 days. The SDDs were then regressed against time with extrapolation to zero time representing the random analytic error. RESULTS: At a mean HbA(1c) of 7.16%, the total analytic imprecision (coefficient of variation [CV]) is 3.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This variation is remarkably low, given that the HbA(1c) measurements were obtained over a 2-year period on any one of three analyzers and the long-term within-analyzer CV was usually 2.3-3.1% as assessed by reference control analysis. This approach could be extended to all HbA(1c) analyzers since unlike reference control statistics, the patient-derived random error should allow easy comparison of analytic imprecision among different analytical systems.


Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/normas , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/normas , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/normas , Automação/instrumentação , Automação/estatística & dados numéricos , Glicemia/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/instrumentação , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/instrumentação , Humanos , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Controle de Qualidade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
19.
Ir J Med Sci ; 176(4): 279-81, 2007 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17704966

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Head and facial injury is a major cause of morbidity associated with the game of hurling. Yet, little is known about either players' experience of these injuries and their prevention with safety devices. AIMS: To survey the attitude of some of the country's senior intercounty players towards the use of protective head and facial devices and their experience of injuries relating to the head and face. METHODS: A questionnaire-based study. Player attitude to the use of protective devices will be reported here. RESULTS: Forty-five players completed the survey. Thirty-two (71%) players currently wear helmets with 28 (87.5%) of these also wearing faceguards. Twenty-four (75%) players have been injured despite wearing a helmet and/or faceguard. Thirteen (40.6%) players expressed frustration with helmet performance. CONCLUSIONS: Injury is an unavoidable feature of hurling. To this end perhaps more should be done to involve players in overall apparatus design and safety.


Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/prevenção & controle , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/prevenção & controle , Traumatismos Faciais/prevenção & controle , Equipamentos de Proteção/estatística & dados numéricos , Esportes , Adolescente , Adulto , Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/epidemiologia , Dispositivos de Proteção dos Olhos/estatística & dados numéricos , Traumatismos Faciais/epidemiologia , Feminino , Dispositivos de Proteção da Cabeça/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Irlanda/epidemiologia , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários
20.
Ir Med J ; 99(1): 17-8, 2006 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16506685

RESUMO

Head and facial injury are a major cause of morbidity associated with the game of hurling. A questionnaire-based study was undertaken to survey the attitude of some of the country's top senior intercounty players towards the use of protective head and facial wear and their experience of injuries relating to the head and face. Player's experience of head and facial injury will be reported here. Forty five players completed the survey. Thirty nine players (86.7%) have received injuries to the head and face during their careers. Thirteen (33.3%) of these players received such injuries on at least 5 occasions. Twenty five players (64.1%) have received eye injuries, 14 (56%) of which were described as serious by the players. Only 6 (42.9%) of these 14 players underwent a subsequent eye examination. In conclusion, these findings underscore the necessity of both compulsory head and facial protection and less haphazard access to specialist care.


Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Oculares/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Oculares/etiologia , Traumatismos Faciais/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Faciais/etiologia , Humanos , Irlanda/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários
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