Substance Use and Psychosocial Functioning in a Sample of Liver Transplant Recipients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease.

Despite the frequency of liver transplantation in alcoholic recipients, the burden of co-occurring psychosocial comorbidities remains poorly defined. METHODS: A survey study was conducted to examine demographic, substance use, mental health, and social support variables among liver transplant (LT) recipients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) (LT-ALD: n  = 67). Survey completers (n = 67) were compared to a sample of liver transplant recipients without ALD (LT: n = 134). RESULTS: Survey participants (n  = 67) were predominately male, in their mid-fifties, and were retired or on disability. Alcohol consumption during the 6 months prior to transplant was reported by more than a third of participants. Alcohol consumption post-transplant was reported by 21.2% of respondents, with 4.5% of participants reporting "at-risk" levels of post-transplant alcohol use. Illicit drug use prior to transplant was reported by nearly half of participants (47.8%), and 16.4% reported illicit drug use post-transplant. Approximately half of the sample reported a history of cigarette smoking, and one-third of respondents (29.2%) reported current cigarette smoking. Participants frequently endorsed mental health symptoms consistent with moderate to severe depression (22.4%) and anxiety (17.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite relatively low rates of problematic alcohol use post-transplant, there is a significant burden of disability, substance use, and psychiatric symptomatology in this population.

5-(2-Pyridil)-1H-tetrazole complexes with Mo(iv) and W(iv) cyanides.

The reactions of tetrazole ligand derived from 2-cyanopyridine with K3Na[Mo(CN)4O2]·6H2O and K3Na[W(CN)4O2]·6H2O in water-ethanol solution result in isolation of two new complexes with the following formulae: (PPh4)2[Mo(CN)3O(pdt)]·2H2O (1) (Hpdt = 5-(2-pyridil)-1H-tetrazole) and (PPh4)2[W(CN)3O(pdt)]·3H2O (2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, single crystal X-ray structure measurements, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry measurement as well as thermogravimetric measurement. The X-ray crystal structure measurements indicated the presence of two coordination isomers in a single crystal. The pyridine nitrogen occupies both trans and/or cis position to the M[double bond, length as m-dash]O bond, which is explained by similar pK of pyridine and tetrazole nitrogen. The DTG measurements indicate the stabilization of tetrazole upon coordination.