[Atypical alveolar echinococcosis with systemic involvement in a patient treated with dupilumab]. / Une échinococcose alvéolaire atypique d'évolution systémique chez une patiente traitée par dupilumab.

INTRODUCTION: Alveolar echinococcosis is an endemic parasitic disease prevalent in certain cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including Eastern France, Switzerland, Germany, Canada, and the United States. Widely underdiagnosed, it is associated with infection by Echinococcus multilocularis, a small tapeworm belonging to the cestode class, capable of causing multi-systemic involvement, particularly in elderly or immunocompromised patients. CASE REPORT: We present the case of an 82-year-old patient, immunocompromised due to prolonged corticosteroid therapy and treatment with dupilumab. She was referred to our department for a diagnostic assessment of atypical hepatic and pulmonary lesions, initially suspected of tuberculosis or an IgG4-related disease. The hypothesis of alveolar echinococcosis caused by E. multilocularis was eventually considered based on a set of arguments, further confirmed by molecular diagnosis. We discuss the role of dupilumab in the systemic evolution and atypical presentation of the disease, through the induction of a specific immunosuppression. CONCLUSION: Alveolar echinococcosis should be systematically considered in case of systemic disease with prominent hepatic and pulmonary involvement, especially in immunocompromised patients.

Suppressive antibiotic therapy for infectious endocarditis.

OBJECTIVES: Suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT) is a long-term antibiotic strategy at times applied when an indicated surgical management of infective endocarditis (IE) is not possible. Our aim was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients having received SAT for IE. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, observational study at Strasbourg University Hospital, France between January 2020 and May 2023. We reviewed all medical files taken into consideration at weekly meetings of the local Multidisciplinary Endocarditis Team (MET) during the study period. We included patients having received SAT following the MET evaluation. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at most recent follow-up. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality at 3 and 6 months, infection relapse, and tolerance issues attributed to SAT. RESULTS: The MET considered 251 patients during the study time, among whom 22 (9 %) had received SAT. Mean age was 77.2 ± 12.3 years. Patients were highly comorbid with a mean Charlson index score of 6.6 ± 2.5. Main indication for SAT was surgery indicated but not performed or an infected device not removed (20/22). Fourteen patients had prosthetic valve IE, including 9 TAVIs. Six patients had IE affecting cardiac implantable electronic devices. Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci were the main bacteria involved (6/22 each). Median follow-up time was 249 days (IQR 95-457 days). Mortality at most recent follow-up was 23 % (5/22). Three patients (14 %) presented tolerance issues attributed to SAT, and two patients suffered late infectious relapse. CONCLUSION: Mortality at most recent follow-up was low and tolerance issues were rare for patients under SAT, which might be a palliative approach to consider when optimal surgery or device removal is not possible.

Incidence and Time-to-Onset of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales (CPE) Infections in CPE Carriers: a Retrospective Cohort Study.

This study aimed to assess the proportion of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) infections among all infectious episodes in CPE carriers, compare the time-to-onset of CPE infections with that of other infections, assess the mortality of patients with CPE infections, and identify risk factors for CPE infections in CPE carriers. A retrospective cohort study was performed over a 10-year period in our University Hospital, and 274 CPE carriers were identified. All infectious episodes within the first 6 months following the diagnosis of CPE rectal carriage were considered. Risk factor analysis for CPE infections in CPE carriers was performed by univariate and multivariate analyses. This study revealed an incidence of 24.1% (66/274) of CPE infection within 6 months of CPE carriage diagnosis. The 28-day all-cause mortality due to CPE infections was 25.7%. CPE infections represented 52.6% (70/133) of all infectious episodes in CPE carriers in the first 6 months following CPE carriage detection, and these significantly occurred earlier than non-CPE infections, with a median time of 15 versus 51 days, respectively (P < 0.01). Based on the multivariate analysis, prior neurological disease was the only risk factor associated with CPE infections in CPE carriers. CPE infections have an early onset, accounting for a large proportion of infections in CPE carriers, and are associated with high mortality. IMPORTANCE Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) infections are emerging infections and may represent a therapeutic challenge, while effective antibiotic therapy is likely to be delayed. We aimed to assess the proportion of CPE infections in CPE carriers and to identify risk factors of CPE infections among this population that could guide empirical antibiotic therapy. We showed that CPE infections are frequent in CPE carriers, have an early onset after CPE carriage diagnosis, and represent a significant proportion of all infectious episodes in CPE carriers. No significant risk factors for CPE infections could be identified. Overall, this study suggests that empirical antibiotic treatment covering CPE might be initiated in CPE carriers at least in the first month after its diagnosis and in severe infections due to the high frequency and early occurrence of CPE infections in these patients.