A Framework for Visualizing Data Quality for Predictive Models and Clinical Quality Measures.

The ability to assess data quality is essential for secondary use of EHR data and an automated Healthcare Data Quality Framework (HDQF) can be used as a tool to support a healthcare organization's data quality initiatives. Use of a general purpose HDQF provides a method to assess and visualize data quality to quickly identify areas for improvement. The value of the approach is illustrated for two analytics use cases: 1) predictive models and 2) clinical quality measures. The results show that data quality issues can be efficiently identified and visualized. The automated HDQF is much less time consuming than a manual approach to data quality and the framework can be rerun repeatedly on additional datasets without much effort.

Delay Within the 3-Hour Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guideline on Mortality for Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock.

OBJECTIVES: To specify when delays of specific 3-hour bundle Surviving Sepsis Campaign guideline recommendations applied to severe sepsis or septic shock become harmful and impact mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: One health system composed of six hospitals and 45 clinics in a Midwest state from January 01, 2011, to July 31, 2015. PATIENTS: All adult patients hospitalized with billing diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock. INTERVENTIONS: Four 3-hour Surviving Sepsis Campaign guideline recommendations: 1) obtain blood culture before antibiotics, 2) obtain lactate level, 3) administer broad-spectrum antibiotics, and 4) administer 30 mL/kg of crystalloid fluid for hypotension (defined as "mean arterial pressure" < 65) or lactate (> 4). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: To determine the effect of t minutes of delay in carrying out each intervention, propensity score matching of "baseline" characteristics compensated for differences in health status. The average treatment effect in the treated computed as the average difference in outcomes between those treated after shorter versus longer delay. To estimate the uncertainty associated with the average treatment effect in the treated metric and to construct 95% CIs, bootstrap estimation with 1,000 replications was performed. From 5,072 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock, 1,412 (27.8%) had in-hospital mortality. The majority of patients had the four 3-hour bundle recommendations initiated within 3 hours. The statistically significant time in minutes after which a delay increased the risk of death for each recommendation was as follows: lactate, 20.0 minutes; blood culture, 50.0 minutes; crystalloids, 100.0 minutes; and antibiotic therapy, 125.0 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The guideline recommendations showed that shorter delays indicates better outcomes. There was no evidence that 3 hours is safe; even very short delays adversely impact outcomes. Findings demonstrated a new approach to incorporate time t when analyzing the impact on outcomes and provide new evidence for clinical practice and research.