Rumen microbiota responses to the enzymatic hydrolyzed cottonseed peptide supplement under high-concentrate diet feeding process.

In current dairy production, dietary energy is always excessively provided with a high-concentrate diet feeding to improve milk production. However, this feeding practice disturbed the rumen microbial ecosystem and the balance between ruminal energy and nitrogen, resulting in decreased nutrient fermentability, which in turn declined the milk yield of dairy cows. Therefore, supplementation of dietary degradable nitrogen may be helpful for high dairy production. In this study, we evaluated the regulatory effects of easily utilized enzymatic hydrolyzed cottonseed peptide (EHP) supplements on rumen microbiota communities and rumen nutrient fermentability under high-concentrate feeding. For this purpose, a gradient concentrate of EHP (from 0.2 to 1.0%) was added to the high-concentrate basal substrates for an in vitro experiment. Each treatment contained three replicates, with three bottles in each replicate. Rumen fermentable parameters included microbial protein content, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia-N; the rumen nutrient degradability of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ether extracts, calcium, and phosphorus were further investigated after in vitro fermentation for 72 h. Then, rumen microbiota communities and their correlation with ruminal fermentation parameters and rumen nutritional degradability were analyzed to understand the regulatory mechanism of the EHP supplements on rumen fermentability. Results indicate that treatment with 0.6% of EHP supplements had the highest content of acetate, butyrate, and neutral detergent fiber degradability among all treatments. Furthermore, EHP supplements significantly increased the relative abundance of rumen cellulose and starch-degrading bacteria such as Ruminococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Acetitomaculum, and the high nitrogen utilizing bacteria Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, which may further promote the rumen carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. In summary, supplementation of easily degraded small peptides helps reestablish rumen energy and nitrogen balance to promote the rumen fermentable functions and nutritional degradability under high-concentrate diet feeding circumstances. These findings may further promote dairy production.

Managing thrombosis of arteriovenous fistula accompanied by aneurysm and single outflow of elbow perforating vein: a case report.

BACKGROUND: We report a case of a patient who suffered thrombosis of a radial artery-cephalic vein fistula accompanied by aneurysm and a single outflow path of the elbow perforating vein. We performed open surgery combined with Fogarty balloon catheter embolectomy, anastomotic reconstruction and forearm median vein transposition. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient presented with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) after haemodialysis 5 years ago. In the process of dialysis, the fistula vein was punctured, resulting in aneurysm, high pressure and difficult haemostasis after needle extraction. AVF occlusion was observed on April 12, 2022. We performed a combined open surgery. First, a Fogarty balloon catheter was used to remove the thrombus, and the anastomosis was then reconstructed to restore AVF fistula patency. Finally, forearm median vein transposition was used to establish dual outflow. Postoperative haemodialysis was possible. There are various methods for removing the thrombus in AVF. Here, we report a case in which we performed open surgery combined with Fogarty balloon catheter embolectomy, anastomotic reconstruction and forearm median vein transposition to ensure fistula patency. CONCLUSION: We removed a complete reverse 'Z'-shaped thrombus of the elbow perforating vein in a haemodialysis fistula. This report provides an effective strategy to manage a high-pressure fistula with single outflow of the elbow perforating vein.

3' untranslated region variants in DEFA5 gene associated with susceptibility to IgA nephropathy in the Chinese Han population.

Aim: To evaluate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3' untranslated region of the DEFA5 gene and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) risk, the authors performed an association study in the Chinese Han population. Materials & methods: The authors recruited 426 IgAN patients and 498 controls. The MassARRAY platform (Agena Bioscience, Inc., CA, USA) was used to genotype single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DEFA5. Odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated through logistic regression analysis. Results: The authors observed that rs12716641 significantly reduced IgAN risk in the allele (odds ratio: 0.77; p = 0.026) and genotype (odds ratio: 0.75; p = 0.039) models. Stratification analysis revealed that several genotypes of rs12716641 played a protective role against IgAN. Conclusion: The authors' results revealed that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3' untranslated region of DEFA5 were associated with IgAN risk.