Multidisciplinary cooperative mode led by infusion nurse specialists used to ensure the nursing quality of peripherally inserted central catheters in China: A 5-year retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of multidisciplinary cooperation mode (MCM) led by infusion nurse specialists (INSs) on peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) catheterization and indwelling nursing quality. METHODS: Participants' demographic information, catheter types, catheterization approaches, puncture site, tip position, professional title of nurses, success rate of catheterization, consultation rate, detection rate of complications and outcome improvement rate of 6576 outpatients and hospitalized patients with PICC were analyzed retrospectively by a software named "questionnaire stars," in a large tertiary general hospital in Shanghai, from January 2015 to December 2019. SPSS 26.0 for Windows was used for data collection and description, Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis of enumeration data, and p < 0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS: According to the catheter types' data, the use rate of three-way valve catheters decreased from 79.9% to 14.5%, while the use rate of three-way valve solo catheters increased from 12.7% to 51.6%, and the use rate of power injectable and open-ended catheters increased from 7.4% to 33.9%. According to the data of PICC catheterization method, conventional technology decreased significantly from 16.8% to 1.1%, modified Seldinger technique (MST) increased gradually from 26.1% to 51.3%, while ultrasound guided modified Seldinger technique (US and MST) decreased slightly from 57.2% to 47.6%. 7.5% catheter tip ends were malpositioned while nine indwelled PICCs were traced to have tip end malposition. The consultation rate was significantly higher than that before applying MCM led by INSs (x2 = 151.713, p < 0.05). After applying MCM led by INSs, the detection rate of complications was significantly higher than before (x2 = 5.499, p < 0.05), the rate of successful insertion at one time was significantly higher than before (x2 = 187.589, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: After the application of INSs-led MCM, progresses have been achieved. The nursing quality of patients' PICC was significantly improved than before.

Characterization of the Eimeria tenella rhoptry protein with a nuclear localization sequence (EtROP30).

Rhoptry proteins (ROPs), secreted by specific rhoptry organelles of apicomplexan parasites, are determinants of parasite pathogenesis and sources of vaccine candidates. Twenty-eight ROPs of Eimeria tenella have been predicted by genomic approaches, and in the present study, E. tenella rhoptry protein 30 (EtROP30) was characterized. Subcellular localizations of EtROP30 in sporozoites and merozoites were in the apical complex and rhoptry-like bulb, suggesting that EtROP30 is a member of ROPs in E. tenella. Sequence analysis showed that EtROP30 contained an N-terminal secretory signal, a protein kinase domain with eight E. tenella-specific rhoptry kinase 1 subfamily (ROPK-Eten1) motifs, and a C-terminal nuclear localization sequence (NLS), making EtROP30 the only ROP that contains both a secretory signal and an NLS in E. tenella. Subsequent experiments showed that EtROP30 was a secreted protein in the sporozoite stage, relying on NLS for migration to the host nucleus. In addition, EtROP30 showed significantly higher expression levels in the parasite merozoite stage, indicating that EtROP30 plays a critical role during parasite reinvasion and development and may be a viable option as a vaccine candidate for anti-parasitic infection. The immunization protection efficacies of EtROP30 were evaluated. Significant improvements in mean body weight gain, reduction of cecum lesion score, and number of oocysts excreted were observed, indicating that EtROP30 has good immunogenicity against E. tenella. In the present study, a ROP of E. tenella with secretory and nuclear localization characteristics has been identified, and proved to be an effective vaccine candidate against this parasite.

Distribution and epidemiologic trends of HBV genotypes and subtypes in 14 countries neighboring china.

BACKGROUND: The number of cases of HBV infection reported by the WHO for each district and country is positively correlated with the number of HBV sequences in the database isolated from the corresponding district and country. OBJECTIVES: This study determined distribution characteristics of HBV genotypes and subtypes in 14 countries neighboring China. The progress made in genomic research involving HBV was also reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine hundred fifty-one complete genome sequences of HBV from 14 countries neighboring China were selected from NCBI. The sequence-related information was analyzed and recorded. One hundred seventy-two sequences of HBV genotype B were screened for alignment using DNA star and MEGA 5.1. RESULTS: Dominant HBV genotypes in the countries neighboring China were genotypes B, C and D and dominant subtypes were adw2 and adrq+. The association between genotype and serotype of HBV in these countries was shown to differ from previous research results. As shown by sequence alignment, the sequence divergence between five subgenotypes (B3, B5, B7, B8 and B9) was below 4%. The B subgenotypes shared six common specific amino acid sites in the S region. CONCLUSIONS: The B3, B5, B7, B8 and B9 subgenotypes can be clustered into quasi-sub-genotype B3 and the open reading frame of HBV has a start codon preference; however, whether a mutation in the start codon in the pre-S2 region has an impact on survival and replication of HBV remains to be determined.

An examination of mass thickness measurements with X-ray sources.

A method using X-rays to measure mass thickness is discussed. The method utilizes a filter to absorb low energy and characteristic photons so that the hardened X-ray spectra have a peaked energy distribution. An equivalent X-ray energy, which defines the attenuation in a material of interest can be used. The effect on the X-ray spectra of different filters is examined with Monte Carlo simulation using the EGSnrc package. A theoretical model for X-ray absorption that shows that the method can achieve good precision for a certain range of mass thicknesses is advanced. Experimental results agree well with the theoretical analysis. It is found that for a certain range of mass thicknesses, the relative error can be less than 1% for the aluminum alloy sample at the tube voltage of 30 or 45 kV.

Clinical evaluation of E-cadherin expression and its regulation mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer.

E-cadherin plays an important role in maintaining tissue architecture. Loss of E-cadherin expression has often been associated with cancer metastasis. This study assessed the immuno-expression of E-cadherin and methylation of CDH1 and correlated them with clinical features in primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Moreover, epithelial ovarian cancer cell SKOV3 was used to explore the mechanism how the demethylating agent 5-Aza inhibited cancer metastasis. Of 80 patients with primary ovarian cancer, we found that decreased immunoexpression pattern of E-cadherin was associated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and degree of differentiation. Methylation of CDH1 detected by MSP occurred frequently and was correlated with reduced expression of E-cadherin protein. 5-Aza treatment could lead to re-expression of functional E-cadherin, followed by decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and inhibition of cell invasion in SKOV3 cells. Therefore, we conclude that assessment of E-cadherin immunoreactivity or methylation of CDH1 may be a useful prognostic indicator in ovarian cancer, complementary to established prognostic factors. The mechanism underlying 5-Aza's anti-metastasis activity is associated with restored functional expression of E-cadherin and decreased MMPs activity. Correction of aberrant DNA methylation by 5-Aza may provide a new strategy for ovarian cancer prevention and therapy.