Comparison of nine trauma scoring systems in prediction of inhospital outcomes of pediatric trauma patients: a multicenter study.

Hereby, we aimed to comprehensively compare different scoring systems for pediatric trauma and their ability to predict in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The current registry-based multicenter study encompassed a comprehensive dataset of 6709 pediatric trauma patients aged ≤ 18 years from July 2016 to September 2023. To ascertain the predictive efficacy of the scoring systems, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated. A total of 720 individuals (10.7%) required admission to the ICU. The mortality rate was 1.1% (n = 72). The most predictive scoring system for in-hospital mortality was the adjusted trauma and injury severity score (aTRISS) (AUC = 0.982), followed by trauma and injury severity score (TRISS) (AUC = 0.980), new trauma and injury severity score (NTRISS) (AUC = 0.972), Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (AUC = 0.9546), revised trauma score (RTS) (AUC = 0.944), pre-hospital index (PHI) (AUC = 0.936), injury severity score (ISS) (AUC = 0.901), new injury severity score (NISS) (AUC = 0.900), and abbreviated injury scale (AIS) (AUC = 0.734). Given the predictive performance of the scoring systems for ICU admission, NTRISS had the highest predictive performance (AUC = 0.837), followed by aTRISS (AUC = 0.836), TRISS (AUC = 0.823), ISS (AUC = 0.807), NISS (AUC = 0.805), GCS (AUC = 0.735), RTS (AUC = 0.698), PHI (AUC = 0.662), and AIS (AUC = 0.651). In the present study, we concluded the superiority of the TRISS and its two derived counterparts, aTRISS and NTRISS, compared to other scoring systems, to efficiently discerning individuals who possess a heightened susceptibility to unfavorable consequences. The significance of these findings underscores the necessity of incorporating these metrics into the realm of clinical practice.

Applications of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) in bone tissue engineering: A review.

Bone tissue is a highly vascularized and dynamic tissue that continues to remodel throughout the life cycle of a person. Only a few researches are done on usage of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) in the bone tissue engineering area. Hence, this review is focused on the application of the ZIF-8 in bone tissue engineering. This work includes an explanation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and ZIF-8 including synthesis methods as well as biocompatibility and biomedical applications of ZIF-8. In fact, a literature review is provided on previous applications of ZIF-8 in bone tissue engineering. Also, the investigations related to employing ZIF-8 in bone scaffolds and drug delivery systems for the bone tissues are discussed, and future perspectives are also emphasized.

A review on surface modification methods of poly(arylsulfone) membranes for biomedical applications.

Considerable methods have so far been used for the surface modification of biomedical membranes. Several reviews and articles have been published on the improvements achieved in the field of poly(arylsulfone) membranes subjected to various surface modification methods and used in biomedical applications. This review concentrates on the surface modification, biological applications and future perspective of the poly(arylsulfone) biomedical membranes. Different surface modification procedures employed for the poly(arylsulfone) membranes have been classified, studied and compared. Diverse surface modification techniques include surface coating, chemical modification and immobilization/cross-linking, grafting, surface zwitterionicalization, mussel-inspired coating and layer-by-layer assembly. Furthermore, we review the recent research studies performed on the surface modification of the poly(arylsulfone) biomedical membranes. Meanwhile, the properties of biomedical membranes are also discussed in each section. At last, the future perspective and challenges of the strategies utilized for the surface modification of poly(arylsulfone) biomedical membranes are presented.

Preparation of hydrophilic polycaprolactone/modified ZIF-8 nanofibers as a wound dressing using hydrophilic surface modifying macromolecules.

In this study, a simple one-step method was introduced to prepare suitable PCL wound dressing by using a small amount of hydrophilic surface modifying macromolecule (LSMM) with ends capped with Polyethylene glycol and aminated zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (MZIF-8) as a drug carrier for curcumin to accelerate the healing process while improve drug loading and controlled drug release. First, LSMM was synthesized and its chemical structure and average molecular weight were characterized by FTIR and gel permeation chromatography. Afterward, PCL nanofibers containing LSMM and curcumin loaded MZIF-8 were prepared and characterized. The surface contact angle of PCL nanofibers containing 1 wt% LSMM was reduced from 130 to 31° due to LSMM molecules migration to the nanofiber surface. Furthermore, tensile strength test results showed that the incorporation of MZIF-8 nanoparticles significantly improved the mechanical properties of the nanofibers. Finally, all samples were evaluated for cell cytotoxicity which confirmed the biocompatibility of the samples. Fibroblast cell adhesion was also evaluated and results indicated that fibroblast cell adhesion was improved when 1 wt% LSMM was added.

Green synthesis of manganese nanoparticles: Applications and future perspective-A review.

Nanobiotechnology is a promising and appearing field of nanotechnology. In recent years, the necessity of making biocompatible materials for different applications in various area such as health, medicine, water treatment and purification, etc. caused more attention to this area. Today, green synthesis of different nanoparticles (NPs) has been extensively studied. However, less attention has been paid to manganese as a high-performance metal in various applications such as medicine, biomedicine, biosensors, water treatment and purification, electronics, electrochemistry, photoelectronics, catalysis, and etc. Manganese oxides (Mn-oxides) has wealthy structures such as MnO, Mn5O8, Mn2O3, MnO2, and Mn3O4, and can be used in a variety of fields. Mn-oxide NPs potentially hold great promise for sustainable nanotechnology. This review focusses on the green synthesis, applications and future perspective of Mn NPs. Different methods of green synthesis of Mn NPs, including synthesis using plant extract, synthesis using microorganism, and low-temperature synthesis of Mn NPs have been investigated and presented. Structure, and size, of green synthesized Mn NPs via each method have been compared. Also, various applications of the green synthesized Mn NPs have been reviewed. Furthermore, the future perspective of green synthesis and applications of the green synthesized Mn NPs are expressed. Also, different applications explained for green synthesized Mn NPs are expressed as well as potential applications for green synthesized Mn NPs are suggested.

Optimisation of green synthesis of MnO nanoparticles via utilising response surface methodology.

This study concerns the optimisation of green synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO NPs) with Dittrichia graveolens (L.) extract via response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite design was used to evaluate the effect of pH, time, and the extract to the metal ratio on the synthesised nanoparticles (NPs). Nine runs were designed to investigate the effect of each parameter while NPs were synthesised under different conditions. Considering the p-values (p-value < 0.05), it is indicated that the extract to the metal ratio was the most effective parameter. The synthesised NPs were characterised using UV-vis. Synthesis of the NPs by polyphenolic compounds of green reducing agent and their stabilisation by curcumin was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra and the surface morphology of the spherical MnO NPs was studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope techniques. The present researchers claimed the optimal condition as follows: time = 56.7 min, pH = 7.2, and the extract to the metal ratio = 87.9 v/v. MnO NPs at optimum condition were then employed for degradation of industrial dyes and they showed high dye degradation activity against Rhodamine B and light green dye. The average size of the synthesised MnO NPs at optimal condition was claimed to be nearly 38 nm.

Surface modification of PES membrane via aminolysis and immobilization of carboxymethylcellulose and sulphated carboxymethylcellulose for hemodialysis.

Sulphated carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) was synthesized and characterized via FT-IR and CHNS analysis. The PES membranes were prepared and modified via surface amination with an aminolysis reaction and amount of amino groups was measured. The carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and SCMC were immobilized on the surface of the aminated PES membranes (PES-NH2) via amide bonds to synthesize PES-CMC and PES-SCMC membranes, respectively, and the concentration of immobilized CMC and SCMC was determined. The unmodified PES, PES-CMC, and PES-SCMC membranes were characterized in terms of morphology, overall porosity, mean pore size, zeta potential, tensile strength, contact angle, protein adsorption and platelet adhesion. The results showed a decrease in contact angle, protein adsorption and platelet adhesion in the case of PES-CMC and PES-SCMC compared to unmodified PES membranes, which supported the increased hemocompatibility of the modified membranes especially for the PES-SCMC membrane. Moreover, the PES-CMC and PES-SCMC membranes displayed good antifouling properties, especially for PES-SCMC.