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Nerve injury can not only lead to sensory and motor dysfunction, but also be complicated with neuropathic pain (NPP), which brings great psychosomatic injury to patients. At present, there is no effective treatment for NPP. Based on the functional characteristics of cell transplantation in nerve regeneration and injury repair, cell therapy has been used in the exploratory treatment of NPP and has become a promising treatment of NPP. In this article, we discuss the current mainstream cell types for the treatment of NPP, including Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of NPP. These bioactive cells transplanted into the host have pharmacological properties of decreasing pain threshold and relieving NPP by exerting nutritional support, neuroprotection, immune regulation, promoting axonal regeneration, and remyelination. Cell transplantation can also change the microenvironment around the nerve injury, which is conducive to the survival of neurons. It can effectively relieve pain by repairing the injured nerve and rebuilding the nerve function. At present, some preclinical and clinical studies have shown that some encouraging results have been achieved in NPP treatment based on cell transplantation. Therefore, we discussed the feasible strategy of cell transplantation as a treatment of NPP and the problems and challenges that need to be solved in the current application of cell transplantation in NPP therapy.
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Neuralgia , Neuralgia/terapia , Humanos , Animais , Transplante de Células/métodos , Regeneração Nervosa/fisiologia , Células de Schwann/transplanteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Faecal microbiota transplantation holds promise in mitigating fat accumulation and improving obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) among overweight patients. METHODS: The clinical data pertaining to the treatment of patients with WMT were collected retrospectively. Compared alterations in body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, blood lipids and blood pressure prior to and following WMT treatment. Comprehensive efficacy evaluation and atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) grading evaluation were carried out, with an analysis of gut microbiota composition before and after WMT. RESULTS: A total of 186 patients were included (80 overweight, 106 normal weight). WMT not only had the effect of improving overweight patients to the normal weight patients (p < .001), but also could significantly reduce BMI in the long term by restoring gut microbiota homeostasis (p < .001). In addition, the BMI improvement value of multi course was more significant than that of single course or double course. WMT had a significant ASCVD downgrade effect on the high-risk and medium-risk groups outside 1 year, while it did not increase the risk of upgrading ASCVD for low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: WMT could significantly reduce the BMI of overweight patients and still had an improvement effect in the long term.
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The failure of endogenous repair is the main feature of neurological diseases that cannot recover the damaged tissue and the resulting dysfunction. Currently, the range of treatment options for neurological diseases is limited, and the approved drugs are used to treat neurological diseases, but the therapeutic effect is still not ideal. In recent years, different studies have revealed that neural stem cells (NSCs) have made exciting achievements in the treatment of neurological diseases. NSCs have the potential of self-renewal and differentiation, which shows great foreground as the replacement therapy of endogenous cells in neurological diseases, which broadens a new way of cell therapy. The biological functions of NSCs in the repair of nerve injury include neuroprotection, promoting axonal regeneration and remyelination, secretion of neurotrophic factors, immune regulation, and improve the inflammatory microenvironment of nerve injury. All these reveal that NSCs play an important role in improving the progression of neurological diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance to better understand the functional role of NSCs in the treatment of neurological diseases. In view of this, we comprehensively discussed the application and value of NSCs in neurological diseases as well as the existing problems and challenges.
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Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) was emulsified by hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin/ ethyl lauroyl arginate (HPCD/LAE) complex to make nanoemulsions, which were then incorporated into maltodextrin (MD) to prepare HPCD/LAE/CEO/MD microcapsules by spray drying. The starch/polybutylene adipate terephthalate (starch/PBAT, SP) based extrusion-blowing films containing above microcapsules were developed and used as packaging materials for strawberry preservation. The morphology, encapsulation efficiency, thermal and antibacterial properties of microcapsules with different formulations were investigated. The effects of microcapsules on the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of SP films were evaluated. When the formula was 4 % HPCD/LAE-3% CEO-10% MD (HL-3C-MD), the microcapsule had the smallest particle size (3.3 µm), the highest encapsulation efficiency (84.51 %) of CEO and the best antibacterial effect. The mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the SP film were enhanced while the water vapor transmittance and oxygen permeability decreased with the incorporation of HL-3C-MD microcapsules. The films effectively reduced the weight loss rate (49.03 %), decay rate (40.59 %) and the total number of colonies (2.474 log CFU/g) and molds (2.936 log CFU/g), thus extending the shelf life of strawberries. This study revealed that the developed SP films containing HPCD/LAE/CEO microcapsules had potential applications in degradable bioactive food packaging materials.
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Anti-Infecciosos , Fragaria , Óleos Voláteis , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/química , 2-Hidroxipropil-beta-Ciclodextrina , Cápsulas , Amido/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Embalagem de AlimentosRESUMO
In this paper, we investigate the theory of energy distribution when divergent light undergoes harmonic conversion in KDP crystals, and based on this theory, we design and construct a precision measuring instrument for the detuning angle of (KDP) Crystals (MIDC). The device can obtain the detuning angle of the crystal by a single measurement with an average measurement error of 72.78 urad. At the same time, it also has the function of scanning the full aperture of the crystals. Using the MIDC, it is possible to quickly measure the KDP crystal at a single point and quickly scan the crystal detuning angle at full aperture. In addition, we conduct a theoretical study on the variation of detuning angle caused by gravity-influencing factors under online conditions, propose an optimization formula for the offline measurement results of detuning angle, and calculate the optimized values of detuning angle for two kinds of crystals under 45° online conditions. We finally study the error source of the MIDC device, analyze the trend of the influence of positioning errors of the crystal and optical elements on the detuning angle measurement results, and provide theoretical support for the error monitoring and correction of MIDC.
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Neuropathic pain (NPP) is a common syndrome associated with most forms of disease, which poses a serious threat to human health. NPP may persist even after the nociceptive stimulation is eliminated, and treatment is extremely challenging in such cases. Schwann cells (SCs) form the myelin sheaths around neuronal axons and play a crucial role in neural information transmission. SCs can secrete trophic factors to nourish and protect axons, and can further secrete pain-related factors to induce pain. SCs may be activated by peripheral nerve injury, triggering the transformation of myelinated and non-myelinated SCs into cell phenotypes that specifically promote repair. These differentiated SCs provide necessary signals and spatial clues for survival, axonal regeneration, and nerve regeneration of damaged neurons. They can further change the microenvironment around the regions of nerve injury, and relieve the pain by repairing the injured nerve. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biological characteristics of SCs, discuss the relationship between SCs and nerve injury, and explore the potential mechanism of SCs and the occurrence of NPP. Moreover, we summarize the feasible strategies of SCs in the treatment of NPP, and attempt to elucidate the deficiencies and defects of SCs in the treatment of NPP.
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Neuralgia , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos , Humanos , Células de Schwann , Bainha de Mielina , Axônios , Regeneração NervosaRESUMO
Chronic and systematic inflammation have been related to increased risks of osteopenia and related fracture. However, studies concerning the association between low-grade inflammation and the bone mineral density (BMD) and strength of the femoral neck are still few and inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the relationships between blood inflammatory biomarkers and BMD and femoral neck strength in an adult-based cohort. We retrospectively analyzed a total of 767 participants included in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. The blood levels of inflammatory markers, including interleukin-6 (IL6), soluble IL-6 receptor, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and C-reactive protein (CRP), in these participants were measured, and their associations with the BMD and strength of the femoral neck were determined. We analyzed these 767 subjects with data concerning the BMD, bending strength index (BSI), compressive strength index (CSI), and impact strength index (ISI) in the femoral neck and inflammatory biomarkers. Importantly, our results suggest that strongly negative associations exist between the blood soluble IL6 receptor levels and the BMD (per SD change, Sß = -0.15; P < 0.001), CSI (per SD change, Sß = -0.07; P = 0.039), BSI (per SD change, Sß = -0.07; P = 0.026), and ISI (per SD change, Sß = -0.12; P < 0.001) in the femoral neck after adjusting for age, gender, smoked cigarettes regularly, number of years drinking, BMI and regular exercise. However, the inflammatory biomarkers, including blood IL-6 (per SD change, Sß = 0.00; P = 0.893), IL-8 (per SD change, Sß = -0.00; P = 0.950), IL-10 (per SD change, Sß = -0.01; P = 0.854), TNF-α (per SD change, Sß = 0.04; P = 0.260) and CRP (per SD change, Sß = 0.05; P = 0.137), were not strongly associated with the BMD in the femoral neck under the same conditions. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the relationships between the inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and CRP) and the CSI, BSI, and ISI in the femoral neck. Interestingly, in concomitant inflammation-related chronic diseases, only arthritis affected the soluble IL-6 receptor and the CIS (interaction P = 0.030) and SIS (interaction P = 0.050) in the femoral neck. In this cross-sectional analysis, we only observed that high blood levels of soluble IL-6 receptor were strongly associated with reduced BMD and bone strength in the femoral neck. The independent associations between the other inflammatory indicators, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and CRP, and the BMD and femoral neck strength in an adult-based cohort were not significant.
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Densidade Óssea , Interleucina-10 , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Colo do Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Interleucina-6 , Interleucina-8 , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Proteína C-Reativa , Inflamação , Receptores de Interleucina-6RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) is the second most common type of anaemia and lacks an effective treatment. Patients with anaemia are reported to have altered gut microbial profiles, which may affect erythropoiesis. Here, we investigated the gut microbial features of patients with ACD and determined whether regulating gut microbiota using washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) was effective in treating ACD. METHODS: We compared the gut microbiota profile of patients with ACD and healthy controls, evaluated the efficacy of WMT on haematological parameters in the patients, and analysed the alterations in gut microbiota after WMT treatment. RESULTS: Patients with ACD had lower gut microbial richness, and differences in microbial composition and function, relative to healthy controls. Additionally, the relative abundances of two butyrate-producing genera Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group and Butyricicoccus, were positively correlated with the haemoglobin (HGB) level and lower in patients with ACD than controls. WMT significantly increased HGB levels in patients with ACD. After the first, second and third WMT rounds, normal HGB levels were restored in 27.02%, 27.78% and 36.37% (all p < .05) of patients with ACD, respectively. Moreover, WMT significantly increased the abundance of butyrate-producing genera and downregulated gut microbial functions that were upregulated in patients with ACD. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ACD exhibited differences in gut microbial composition and function relative to healthy controls. WMT is an effective treatment for ACD that reshapes gut microbial composition, restores butyrate-producing bacteria and regulates the functions of gut microbiota.
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Anemia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Butiratos , Doença Crônica , Anemia/terapia , HemoglobinasRESUMO
Direct or indirect damage to the nervous system (such as inflammation or tumor invasion) can lead to dysfunction and pain. The generation of pain is mainly reflected in the activation of glial cells and the abnormal discharge of sensory neurons, which transmit stronger sensory information to the center. P2Y12 receptor plays important roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes including inflammation and pain. P2Y12 receptor involved in the occurrence of pain as a sensory information mediator, which enhances the activation of microglia and the synaptic plasticity of primary sensory neurons, and reaches the higher center through the ascending conduction pathway (mainly spinothalamic tract) to produce pain. While the application of P2Y12 receptor antagonists (PBS-0739, AR-C69931MX and MRS2359) have better antagonistic activity and produce analgesic pharmacological properties. Therefore, in this article, we discussed the role of the P2Y12 receptor in different chronic pains and its use as a pharmacological target for pain relief.
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Dor Crônica , Dor Nociceptiva , Humanos , Antagonistas do Receptor Purinérgico P2Y , AnalgésicosRESUMO
Introduction: Compensatory movements usually occur in stroke survivors with hemiplegia, which is detrimental to recovery. This paper proposes a compensatory movement detection method based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology and verifies its feasibility using a machine learning algorithm. We present a differential-based signal improvement (DBSI) method to enhance NIRS signal quality and discuss its effect on improving detection performance. Method: Ten healthy subjects and six stroke survivors performed three common rehabilitation training tasks while the activation of six trunk muscles was recorded using NIRS sensors. After data preprocessing, DBSI was applied to the NIRS signals, and two time-domain features (mean and variance) were extracted. An SVM algorithm was used to test the effect of the NIRS signal on compensatory behavior detection. Results: Classification results show that NIRS signals have good performance in compensatory detection, with accuracy rates of 97.76% in healthy subjects and 97.95% in stroke survivors. After using the DBSI method, the accuracy improved to 98.52% and 99.47%, respectively. Discussion: Compared with other compensatory motion detection methods, our proposed method based on NIRS technology has better classification performance. The study highlights the potential of NIRS technology for improving stroke rehabilitation and warrants further investigation.
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The pathological mechanism of neuropathic pain is complex, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients, and its treatment is also difficult. The role of G protein-coupled P2Y12 receptor in pain has been widely recognized and affirmed. After nerve injury, stimulated cells can release large amounts of nucleotides into the extracellular matrix, act on P2Y12 receptor. Activated P2Y12 receptor activates intracellular signal transduction and is involved in the development of pain. P2Y12 receptor activation can sensitize primary sensory neurons and receive sensory information. By transmitting the integrated information through the dorsal root of the spinal cord to the secondary neurons of the posterior horn of the spinal cord. The integrated information is then transmitted to the higher center through the ascending conduction tract to produce pain. Moreover, activation of P2Y12 receptor can mediate immune cells to release pro-inflammatory factors, increase damage to nerve cells, and aggravate pain. While inhibits the activation of P2Y12 receptor can effectively relieve pain. Therefore, in this article, we described P2Y12 receptor antagonists and their pharmacological properties. In addition, we explored the potential link between P2Y12 receptor and the nervous system, discussed the intrinsic link of P2Y12 receptor and neuropathic pain and as a potential pharmacological target for pain suppression.
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Neuralgia , Antagonistas do Receptor Purinérgico P2Y , Humanos , Medula Espinal/patologia , Transdução de Sinais , Neuralgia/patologia , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP , HiperalgesiaRESUMO
Different studies have confirmed that P2X purinergic receptors play a key role in inflammation. Activation of P2X purinergic receptors can release inflammatory cytokines and participate in the progression of inflammatory diseases. In an inflammatory microenvironment, cells can release a large amount of ATP to activate P2X receptors, open non-selective cation channels, activate multiple intracellular signaling, release multiple inflammatory cytokines, amplify inflammatory response. While P2X4 and P2X7 receptors play an important role in the process of inflammation. P2X4 receptor can mediate the activation of microglia involved in neuroinflammation, and P2X7 receptor can mediate different inflammatory cells to mediate the progression of tissue-wide inflammation. At present, the role of P2X receptors in inflammatory response has been widely recognized and affirmed. Therefore, in this paper, we discussed the role of P2X receptors-mediated inflammation. Moreover, we also described the effects of some antagonists (such as A-438079, 5-BDBD, A-804598, A-839977, and A-740003) on inflammation relief by antagonizing the activities of P2X receptors.
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Citocinas , Canais Iônicos , Humanos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Inflamação , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X4 , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7 , Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Studies have revealed the contribution of ATP-G-protein-coupled P2Y2 receptor (P2RY2) in tumor progression, but the role of P2RY2 in regulating the progression of gastric cancer (GC) and related molecular mechanisms are relatively lacking. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of P2RY2 on the proliferation and migration of GC through in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results showed that P2RY2 was expressed in GC tissues and GC cell lines. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) increased the calcium influx in AGS and HGC-27 cells, and was dose-dependent with ATP concentration. ATP and UTP increased the intracellular glycogen content, enhanced the actin fiber stress response, and promoted the proliferation and migration of GC cells, while P2RY2 competitive antagonist AR-C118925XX reversed the changes induced by ATP. Knockdown of P2RY2 expression by shRNA inhibited the proliferation of GC cells. Activation of P2RY2 increased the expression of Snail, Vimentin, and ß-catenin in GC cells, and down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin, while AR-C118925XX decreased the expression of these genes induced by ATP. Activation of P2RY2 activated AKT/GSK-3beta/VEGF signal to promote the proliferation of GC cells, and the P13/AKT signaling pathway LY294002 reversed the corresponding phenomenon, but no synergistic pharmacological properties of AR-C118925XX and LY294002 have been found. In vivo experiments showed that ATP-induced tumor growth, while AR-C118925XX inhibited ATP-induced tumor growth. Our conclusion is that P2RY2 activated the AKT/GSK-3beta/VEGF signal to promote the proliferation and migration of GC, suggesting that P2RY2 may be a new potential target for the treatment of GC.
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Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/genética , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transdução de Sinais , Proliferação de Células , Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Movimento Celular , Receptores Purinérgicos P2Y2/genéticaRESUMO
The temporal shape of laser pulses is one of the essential performances in the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facility. Due to the complexity and instability of the laser propagation system, it is hard to predict the pulse shapes precisely by pure analytic methods based on the physical model [Frantz-Nodvik (F-N) equation]. Here, we present a data-driven model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) for precise prediction. The neural network model introduces sixteen parameters neglected in the F-N equation based models to expand the representation dimension. The sensitivity analysis of the experimental results confirms that these parameters have different degrees of influence on the temporal output shapes and cannot be ignored. The network characterizes the whole physical process with commonality and specificity features to improve the description ability. The prediction accuracy evaluated by a root mean square of the proposed model is 7.93%, which is better compared to three optimized physical models. This study explores a nonanalytic methodology of combining prior physical knowledge with data-driven models to map the complex physical process by numerical models, which has strong representation capability and great potential to model other measurable processes in physical science.
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Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 in Wuhan, China in 2019, it has rapidly spread to the world, and the number of infections has gradually increased. The hospitalization rate of patients has also gradually increased, which poses a huge challenge to hospitals and medical staff for patients with SARS-CoV-2 requiring surgical treatment. Therefore, avoiding cross-infection in the operating room is an important protective work. The operating room is an important department of the hospital, scientific and reasonable management is particularly important. Therefore, we have put forward corresponding suggestions and strategies for preoperative preparation and evaluation of patients, intraoperative management, postoperative terminal management, and protection of medical staff, and hope that these measures can better prevent and control the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in the operating room.
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With the increasing number of stroke patients, there is an urgent need for an accessible, scientific, and reliable evaluation method for stroke rehabilitation. Although many rehabilitation stage evaluation methods based on the wearable sensors and machine learning algorithm have been developed, the interpretable evaluation of the Brunnstrom recovery stage of the lower limb (BRS-L) is still lacking. The paper propose an interpretable BRS-L evaluation method based on wearable sensors. We collected lower limb motion data and plantar pressure data of 20 hemiplegic patients and 10 healthy individuals using seven Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and two plantar pressure insoles. Then we extracted gait features from the motion data and pressure data. By using feature selection based on feature importance, we improved the interpretability of the machine learning-based evaluation method. Several machine learning models are evaluated on the dataset, the results show that k-Nearest Neighbor has the best prediction performance and achieves 94.2% accuracy with an input of 18 features. Our method provides a feasible solution for precise rehabilitation and home-based rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients.
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Background: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in population with diabetes mellitus (DM) is frequent and linked with high risk of cardiovascular mortality. However, studies on whether blood hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are related to adverse differences in heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals with DM are scarce. Aim: We aimed to investigate the association of blood HbA1c levels with adverse differences in HRV, which is an indicator of cardiac autonomic control, in adult individuals with and without DM. Methods: Data were collected from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, and 928 individuals were analyzed for the relationship between blood HbA1c levels and HRV through a cross-sectional analysis. Results: Participants with DM had significantly higher HRV than those without DM. The smooth curve suggested inverse relationships between blood HbA1c levels and HF- and LF-HRV seen in participants with DM but not in those without DM after controlling for all covariates (age, sex, BMI, smoking, number of drinking years and exercise). Furthermore, linear regression analysis demonstrated that elevated blood HbA1c levels did contribute to adverse differences in HF-HRV (Sß= -0.118; 95% CI -0.208, -0.027; P=0.012) and LF-HRV (Sß= -0.097; 95% CI -0.177, -0.017; P=0.019) after controlling for these covariates in participants with DM, while in participants without DM, blood HbA1c was not significantly related to adverse differences in HF-HRV (Sß=0.095; 95% CI -0.059, 0.248; P=0.228) or LF-HRV (Sß=0.043; 95% CI -0.103, 0.189; P=0.565). DM has a significant modifying effect on associations between blood HbA1c and adverse differences in HF-HRV (P for interaction=0.019) and LF-HRV (P for interaction=0.029). Conclusions: We reported strong evidence that elevated blood levels of HbA1c were associated with adverse differences in HRV in the diabetic population but not in the nondiabetic population. This finding supported that long-term hyperglycemia is related to autonomic nerve injury in the diabetic population. Blood HbA1c might be a good indicator of cardiac autonomic neuropathy.
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Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Diabetes Mellitus , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Frequência Cardíaca , Adulto , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Complicações do Diabetes/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/química , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , HumanosRESUMO
The development of cerebral ischemia involves brain damage and abnormal changes in brain function, which can cause neurosensory and motor dysfunction, and bring serious consequences to patients. P2X purinergic receptors are expressed in nerve cells and immune cells, and are mainly expressed in microglia. The P2X4 and P2X7 receptors in the P2X purinergic receptors play a significant role in regulating the activity of microglia. Moreover, ATP-P2X purine information transmission is involved in the progression of neurological diseases, including the release of pro-inflammatory factors, driving factors and cytokines after cerebral ischemia injury, inducing inflammation, and aggravating cerebral ischemia injury. P2X receptors activation can mediate the information exchange between microglia and neurons, induce neuronal apoptosis, and aggravate neurological dysfunction after cerebral ischemia. However, inhibiting the activation of P2X receptors, reducing their expression, inhibiting the activation of microglia, and has the effect of protecting nerve function. In this paper, we discussed the relationship between P2X receptors and nervous system function and the role of microglia activation inducing cerebral ischemia injury. Additionally, we explored the potential role of P2X receptors in the progression of cerebral ischemic injury and their potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury.
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Trifosfato de Adenosina , Isquemia Encefálica , Humanos , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X/metabolismo , Microglia/metabolismo , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Neurônios , Infarto Cerebral , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7/metabolismo , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X4/metabolismoRESUMO
The utilization of waste rubber tires is of great value for environment protection and resource recovery, which can also improve the properties of matrix asphalt. The adhesion characteristics were evaluated for crumb rubber modified asphalt and limestone aggregate using the surface free energy (SFE) approach. Four types of matrix asphalt and four rubber contents were used to prepare the crumb rubber modified asphalt. The contact angle of matrix and crumb rubber modified asphalt was obtained, and the SFE indicators (dispersion, polar component, and compatibility rate-CR) were calculated. Moreover, the water stability tests were conducted using one matrix and rubber modified asphalt in order to investigate the relationship between SFE and water stability indicators. Results showed that the total SFE, dispersion component, adhesion work, and CR increased with the addition of crumb rubber, while the polar component and spalling work decreased. The types of asphalt had different influences on SFE indicators. The results from analysis of variation (ANOVA) indicated asphalt type and rubber content had significant influence on the adhesion work, spalling work and CR, and the influence of asphalt type was greater than that of rubber content. Additionally, the retained Marshall Stability and tensile strength ratio had better correlation with adhesion work and CR, but less with spalling work. The presented results demonstrated that the type of matrix asphalt played an important role in the adhesion characteristics for the crumb rubber modified asphalt.