Ochrobactrum chromiisoli sp. nov., Isolated from Chromium-Contaminated Soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, flagellated, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria strain, designated YY2XT, was isolated from chromium-contaminated soil. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene, recA gene, and whole genome indicated that the strain represented a new member of the genus Ochrobactrum, family Brucellaceae, class Alphaproteobacteria. The phylogenetic trees based on 16 s rRNA gene, revealed that Falsochrobactrum ovis DSM26720T (96.7%), Ochrobactrum gallinifaecis DSM15295T (96.2%), and Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum DSM25619T (96.2%) are the most closely related phylogenetic neighbors of strain YY2XT. The draft genome of YY2XT was approximately 4,650,646 bp in size with a G + C content of 53.0 mol%. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values among strain YY2XT and the selected Brucellaceae species were 71.4-83.1% and 13.5-42.7%, which are below the recommended cut-off values for species delineation. Growth of strain YY2XT occurred within pH 5-10 (optimum, pH 7-8), 4 â„ƒ-42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), and NaCl concentrations of 0.0-6.0% (optimum, 1.0%). Major quinone system was ubiquinone 10, the major fatty acids were C16:0, C18:1ω7c, and C16:1ω7c and the major polyamines were spermidine and putrescine. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and four undefined lipids. On the basis of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic traits, strain YY2XT was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ochrobactrum, for which the name Ochrobactrum chromiisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YY2XT (= CCTCC AB 2023035T = JCM 36000T).

Evaluation of the efficiency and safety of botulinum toxin A injection on improving facial scars: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin A injection is an established method of treatment. Clinical practitioners use it widely in their practice to prevent the occurrence of facial scars. However, the effectiveness and safeness of has not been comprehensively established. The objective of the current systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using botulinum toxin A injection to improve facial scars. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This systematic review involves browsing a number of electronic databases to search for related articles. The search will include databases in both English (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Spocus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and Chinese (WanFang database, China Nation Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP database), the periods of searching will be from inception till the 15th of September 2020. Completing the search in databases allows to consider randomized controlled studies that compares botulinum toxin A interventions to any comparison interventions in those who have facial scars. The review will be inclusive of papers in both languages, English and Chinese. The independent screening of studies for eligibility is conducted by 2 independent authors. Discussion was used to resolve discrepancies between the authors. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool V.2.0 is adopted for evaluating the methodological quality of each study. Data extraction was performed by 2 independent authors. For dichotomous outcomes, the were expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For continuous outcomes the results were expressed as the mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI. The statistical analysis of the present study is carried out in RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: This study will output a comprehensive synthesis of existing evidence in relation to botulinum toxin A. Moreover, the results will also provide an interpretation of the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin A. CONCLUSION: The present review contributes to the existing body of knowledge by adding more evidence to evaluate if botulinum toxin A is effective and safe to be used as an intervention for improving facial scars. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/94TXP (https://osf.io/94TXP/).

Association of estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms with human precocious puberty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aims to estimate the association between ESR1 polymorphisms (PvuII and XbaI) and ESR2 polymorphisms (RsaI and AluI) with precocious puberty. Relevant studies published before March 2014 were retrieved by a electronic search among nine databases. Meta-analysis of the pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated. Four eligible case-control studies including 491 precocious puberty patients and 370 healthy controls were identified. Three studies reported ESR1 PvuII and XbaI polymorphism and one study reported ESR2 RsaI and AluI polymorphism. Increment of precocious puberty risk was associated with PvuII polymorphism in the heterosis model ((CT) versus TT: OR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.05-1.91, p = 0.02). Risk of precocious puberty was associated with XbaI polymorphism in the dominant model (GG + GA versus AA: OR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11-1.97, p = 0.007) and the heterosis model (GA versus AA: OR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.23-2.29, p = 0.001). This meta-analysis suggests that ESR1 XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms are associated with precocious puberty susceptibility, and the relationship between ESR2 RsaI and AluI polymorphism with precocious puberty remains to be further investigated. Well-designed studies with large sample size among different polymorphisms and ethnicities are in urgent need to provide and update reliable data for comprehensive and definite conclusion.

The effects of work-reinforcer schedules on performance and preference in students with autism.

This study investigated performance under and preference for continuous and discontinuous work-reinforcer schedules in 3 students who had been diagnosed with autism. Under continuous schedules, participants completed all work and consumed all reinforcers in contiguous units. Under discontinuous schedules, work and reinforcer access were broken up into smaller units. During the alternating-schedules phase, session duration was shorter in the continuous schedule for 2 participants. During free choice, all 3 participants preferred the continuous work schedule.