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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is escalating. Previous research has concentrated on the link between frailty and obesity; however, the association between prefrailty and obesity has been less studied. Prefrailty screening and intervention may prevent or postpone frailty in older persons. OBJECTIVE: The study was to investigate into the relationship between prefrailty and several obesity indicators in Chinese community-dwelling older individuals. METHODS: This research employed the Frailty Screening Index to investigate the frailty phenotype of people living in Shanghai. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used for evaluating body composition. RESULTS: There were 510 participants (39.0%) with high visceral adipose areas. Participants with a high visceral adipose area showed a higher risk of prefrailty (adjusted OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.19-1.96), according to multivariate models. When body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA) were combined, it was discovered that having an overweight BMI with normal VFA was a protective factor for prefrailty (corrected OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.90), but having a normal weight but excess VFA increased the risk of prefrailty (corrected OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.15-3.03). CONCLUSION: Visceral fat obesity is an independent risk factor for prefrailty in Chinese older adults. Implementing targeted interventions, such as dietary modifications, increased physical activity, and other lifestyle changes, could play a crucial role in reducing the risk of prefrailty and improving overall health outcomes in this population.
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Índice de Massa Corporal , Fragilidade , Gordura Intra-Abdominal , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , China/epidemiologia , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Fragilidade/etiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal/complicações , Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Composição Corporal , Prognóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
Objective: Depression is a common comorbidity in hypertensive older adults, yet depression is more difficult to diagnose correctly. Our goal is to find predictive models of depression in hypertensive patients using a combination of various machine learning (ML) methods and metabolomics. Methods: Methods We recruited 379 elderly people aged ≥65 years from the Chinese community. Plasma samples were collected and assayed by gas chromatography/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/LC-MS). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), volcano diagrams and thermograms were used to distinguish metabolites. The attribute discriminators CfsSubsetEval combined with search method BestFirst in WEKA software was used to find the best predicted metabolite combinations, and then 24 classification methods with 10-fold cross-validation were used for prediction. Results: 34 individuals were considered hypertensive combined with depression according to our criteria, and 34 subjects with hypertension only were matched according to age and sex. 19 metabolites by GC-MS and 65 metabolites by LC-MS contributed significantly to the differentiation between the depressed and non-depressed cohorts, with a VIP value of more than 1 and a P value of less than 0.05. There were multiple metabolic pathway alterations. The metabolite combinations screened with WEKA for optimal diagnostic value included 12 metabolites. The machine learning methods with AUC values greater than 0.9 were bayesNet and random forests, and their other evaluation measures are also better. Conclusion: Altered metabolites and metabolic pathways are present in older adults with hypertension combined with depression. Methods using metabolomics and machine learning performed quite well in predicting depression in hypertensive older adults, contributing to further clinical research.
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OBJECTIVE: Depression is an important public health issue among older adults, often associated with their sleep-related problems. We aimed to investigate the association between sleep-related problems and depressive symptoms among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilized self-reported data from 2896 participants (aged ≥60 years) from Shanghai, China. Nocturnal sleep duration and difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) symptoms were obtained through face-to-face questionnaires. Nocturnal sleep duration was categorized as 'short' (<7 h), 'normal' (7-8 h), and 'long' (>8 h). Subsequently, the 3 groups were further divided into 6 groups based on the presence of DIS, and the combined sleep behaviors were termed 'sleep patterns'. Logistic regression was conducted to assess the association of sleep variables and sleep patterns with the risk of depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Compared to the reference group, 'short sleep duration' and DIS symptoms were associated with depressive symptoms (with odds ratios (OR) of 1.50 and 1.79, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 1.14-1.97 and 1.39-2.31). When compared to 'normal sleep duration without DIS', both 'short sleep duration with DIS' (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.81-3.72) and 'normal sleep duration with DIS' (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.03-2.49) were statistically associated with depressive symptoms in adjusted regression models. CONCLUSION: Short sleep duration and DIS symptoms were found to be associated with depressive symptoms. Combining DIS symptoms with sleep duration, DIS was identified as a risk factor for elevated depressive symptoms in individuals with short and normal sleep durations. In managing depressive symptoms, it is imperative to thoroughly evaluate insomnia and nighttime sleep, which can provide valuable insights for nursing and medical policy.
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Depression is a serious psychiatric illness that causes great inconvenience to the lives of elderly individuals. However, the diagnosis of depression is somewhat subjective. Nontargeted gas chromatography (GC)/liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) was used to study the plasma metabolic profile and identify objective markers for depression and metabolic pathway variation. We recruited 379 Chinese community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 65. Plasma samples were collected and detected by GC/LCâMS. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and a heatmap were utilized to distinguish the metabolites. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of these differential metabolites. Additionally, metabolic pathway enrichment was performed to reveal metabolic pathway variation. According to our standard, 49 people were included in the depression cohort (DC), and 49 people age- and sex-matched individuals were included in the non-depression cohort (NDC). 64 metabolites identified via GCâMS and 73 metabolites identified via LCâMS had significant contributions to the differentiation between the DC and NDC, with VIP values > 1 and p values < 0.05. Three substances were detected by both methods: hypoxanthine, phytosphingosine, and xanthine. Furthermore, 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol had the largest area under the curve (AUC) value (AUC = 0.842). The purine metabolic pathway is the most important change in metabolic pathways. These findings show that there were differences in plasma metabolites between the depression cohort and the non-depression cohort. These identified differential metabolites may be markers of depression and can be used to study the changes in depression metabolic pathways.
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Depressão , Metabolômica , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Biomarcadores/sangue , China , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Depressão/sangue , Depressão/metabolismo , População do Leste Asiático , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Redes e Vias Metabólicas , Metaboloma , Metabolômica/métodos , Curva ROCRESUMO
Background and purpose: The Bushenyiqi decoction (BYD), a contemporary prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been observed to significantly ameliorate asthma symptoms in patients based on clinical observations. Although multi-component and multi-target characteristics are important attributes of BYD treatment, its pharmacological effect on asthma and the underlying mechanism of action remain unclear. Method: Network pharmacology: the asthma-related genes were retrieved from the GeneCards and OMIM database. The active constituents of BYD and their corresponding target genes were collected from the TCMSP database. The underlying pathways associated with overlapping targets between BYD and asthma were identified through GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis. Experimental validation: pulmonary function tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Hematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Masson's trichrome stainings were conducted to validate the efficacy of BYD in ameliorating airway inflammation in allergic asthma mice. Western blot (WB) and molecular docking were performed to confirm the involvement of the underlying pathway in BYD treatment of asthma. Results: The results of animal experiments demonstrated that BYD may improve airway responsiveness and suppress airway inflammation in allergic asthma mice. The network pharmacological analysis revealed the involvement of 11 potentially key active components, 9 potential key targets, and the phosphatidylinositol3 kinase-RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway in the mechanism of action of BYD for asthma treatment. Our findings have confirmed that BYD effectively alleviated airway inflammation by targeting interleukin 6 (IL-6), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A), with quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin performing as the pivotal active constituents. BYD may potentially reduce inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion: In conclusion, the integration of network pharmacology and biological experiments has demonstrated that key constituents of BYD, such as quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin, exhibit targeted effects on IL-6, EGFR, and HIF1A in combating asthma-related inflammation through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The findings of this investigation provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of TCM's "bushenyiqi" therapy in asthma management, as corroborated by contemporary medical technology.
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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE: The leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Are recorded in the earliest written documentation of traditional Chinese medicinal as "Ben Cao Gang Mu", a medicinal herb for blood clotting, dysentery and dizziness. Nuciferine, one of N. nucifera Gaertn. leaf extracts, has been shown to possess several pharmacological properties, including but not limited to ameliorating hyperlipidemia, stimulating insulin secretion, inducing vasodilation, reducing blood pressure, and demonstrating anti-arrhythmic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY: In light of the latest research findings on nuciferine, this article provides a comprehensive overview of its chemical properties, pharmacological activities, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. It aims to serve as a dependable reference for further investigations into the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of nuciferine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Use Google Scholar, Scifinder, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, Wiley, Web of Science and other online database search to collect the literature on extraction, separation, structural analysis and pharmacological activity of nuciferine published before November 2023. The key words are "extraction", "isolation", "purification" and "pharmacological action" and "nuciferine". RESULTS: Nuciferine has been widely used in the treatment of ameliorating hyperlipidemia and lose weight, Nuciferine is a monomeric aporphine alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the plant Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Nuciferine has pharmacological activities such as relaxing smooth muscles, improving hyperlipidemia, stimulating insulin secretion, vasodilation, inducing hypotension, antiarrhythmic effects, and antimicrobial and anti-HIV activities. These pharmacological properties lay a foundation for the treatment of tumors, inflammation, hyperglycemia, lipid-lowering and weight-loss, oxidative stress and other diseases with nuciferine. CONCLUSION: Nuciferine has been clinically used to treat hyperlipidemia and aid in weight loss due to its effects on lipid levels, insulin secretion, vasodilation, blood pressure reduction, anti-tumor properties, and immune enhancement. However, other potential benefits of nuciferine have not yet been fully explored in clinical practice. Future research should delve deeper into its molecular structure, toxicity, side effects, and clinical pharmacology to uncover its full range of effects and pave the way for its safe and expanded clinical use.
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Aporfinas , Nelumbo , Extratos Vegetais , Nelumbo/química , Humanos , Aporfinas/farmacologia , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
Background: Globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) are two common deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets. This meta-analysis was to compared the efficacy and safety of these two DBS targets for the treatment of Meige syndrome (MS). Methods: A systematic search was performed using EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify DBS trials for MS. Review Manager 5.3 was used to perform meta-analysis and the mean difference (MD) was analyzed and calculated with a random effect model. Pearson's correlation coefficients and meta-regression analyses were utilized to identify relevant predictive markers. Results: Twenty trials involving 188 participants with GPi-DBS and 110 individuals with STN-DBS were eligible. Both groups showed improvement of the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale-Movement (BFMDRS-M) and Disability (BFMDRS-D) scores (BFMDRS-M: MD = 10.57 [7.74-13.41] for GPi-DBS, and MD = 8.59 [4.08-13.11] for STN-DBS; BFMDRS-D: MD = 5.96 [3.15-8.77] for GPi-DBS, and MD = 4.71 [1.38-8.04] for STN-DBS; all P < 0.001) from baseline to the final follow-up, while no notable disparity in improvement rates was observed between them. Stimulation-related complications occurrence was also similar between two groups (38.54 ± 24.07% vs. 43.17 ± 29.12%, P = 0.7594). Simultaneously, preoperative BFMDRS-M score and disease duration were positively connected with the relative changes in BFMDRS-M score at the final visit. Conclusion: Both GPi-DBS and STN-DBS are effective MS therapies, with no differences in efficacy or the frequency of stimulation-related problems. Higher preoperative scores and longer disease duration probably predict greater improvement.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Emerging studies indicate that time-restricted eating (TRE) may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, studies performed in elderly adults are limited. This study aimed to analyze the association of TRE with arterial stiffness (AS) in community-dwelling elderly Chinese individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study recruited 3487 participants aged ≥60 y from Shanghai, China. TRE was determined by calculating the end time of the last meal minus the start time of the first meal of the average day. Participants were then categorized into those with a time-restricted window lasting ≤11 h (TRE) and >11 h (non-TRE). The mean age of the sample was 71.78 ± 5.75 y, and 41.2 % were men. Having a TRE pattern was 72.2 %. In the logistic analysis, TRE was associated with borderline arterial stiffness (OR = 1.419; 95 % CI = 1.077-1.869) and elevated arterial stiffness (OR = 1.699; 95 % CI = 1.276-2.263). In a subgroup analysis, the significance remained in the group at risk of malnutrition (with borderline arterial stiffness: OR = 2.270; 95 % CI = 1.229-4.190; with elevated arterial stiffness: OR = 2.459; 95 % CI = 1.287-4.700), while in well-nourished participants, the association only remained with elevated arterial stiffness (OR = 1.530; 95 % CI = 1.107-2.115) and not with borderline arterial stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: TRE is a risk factor for both borderline and elevated arterial stiffness in community-dwelling Chinese individuals and varies by nutritional status. (Protocol code 2019-WJWXM-04-310108196508064467.).
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Rigidez Vascular , Idoso , Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Vida Independente , Estudos Transversais , China/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Retraction of 'An MSN-PEG-IP drug delivery system and IL13Rα2 as targeted therapy for glioma' by Jinlong Shi et al., Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 8970-8981, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR08786H.
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Background: Human gut microbiota play a crucial role in the immune response of the host to respiratory viral infection. However, evidence regarding the association between the gut microbiome, host immune responses, and disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains insufficient. Methods: To better comprehend the interactions between the host and gut microbiota in COVID-19, we conducted 16S rRNA sequencing and characterized the gut microbiome compositions in stool samples from 40 COVID-19 patients and 33 non-pneumonia controls. We assessed several hematological parameters to determine the immune status. Results: We found that the gut microbial composition was significantly changed in COVID-19 patients, which was characterized by increased opportunistic pathogens and decreased commensal bacteria. The frequency of prevalent opportunistic pathogens Enterococcus and Lactobacillus increased, especially in severe patients; yet the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Anaerostipes, decreased significantly, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii might help discriminate severe patients from moderate patients and non-pneumonia people. Furthermore, we then obtained a correlation map between the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and severity-related gut microbiota. We observed a notable correlation between the abundance of Enterococcus faecium and abnormal neutrophil or lymphocyte percentage in all COVID-19 patients. Faecalibacterium was positively correlated with lymphocyte counts, while negatively correlated with neutrophil percentage. Conclusion: These results suggested that the gut microbiome could have a potential function in regulating host immune responses and impacting the severity or consequences of diseases.
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COVID-19 , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Clostridiales/genética , Gravidade do Paciente , ImunidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Autonomic nervous system (ANS) disorders may occur in skeletal muscle disease, but the link between them has not been fully established. Studying the relationship between them may yield insights into the mechanisms and treatment of disease. This study aimed to explore the association between heart rate variability (HRV), sarcopenia, and subscales of sarcopenia (muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical mobility). METHODS: 2514 community-dwelling older Chinese participants were included in this study. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia guidelines were used to define sarcopenia. HRV was measured by 90-s electrocardiogram RR interval data. All HRV parameters were transformed using natural logarithms. Multiple regression analysis and multivariate linear regression was performed using potential correlates. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 15.1 % (18.5 % in males and 12.6 % in females). In the logistic regression analysis model, there was a significant association between log-transformed standard deviation of RR interval (lnSDNN) (OR = 0.736, p = 0.019), log-transformed coefficient of variation of RR intervals (lnCVRR) (OR = 0.751, p = 0.020), log-transformed low-frequency power (lnLF) (OR = 0.861, p = 0.008), log-transformed high-frequency power (lnHF) (OR = 0.864, p = 0.003) and sarcopenia in the general population after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), daily activity levels, hypertension, heart disease and cardiac drugs. In addition, in multivariate linear regression, lnSDNN (ß = 0.146, p = 0.001), lnCVRR (ß = 0.120, p = 0.010), lnLF (ß = 0.066, p = 0.002) and lnHF (ß = 0.065, p < 0.001) remained significantly positively associated with muscle mass, but there were no significant differences in grip strength and walking speed. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia was independently associated with lower heart rate variability in a community-dwelling elderly Chinese population. In addition, muscle mass was positively associated with heart rate variability in the elderly.
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BACKGROUND: Delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment caused by limited biomarkers are associated with the outcomes of COVID-19 patients. It is necessary to identify other promising biomarkers and candidate targets for defining dysregulated inflammatory states. METHODS: The triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cell (TREM)-1 and TREM-2 expression from hospitalized COVID-19 patients were characterized using ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. Their correlation with disease severity and contrast with the main clinical indicators were evaluated. RESULTS: Increased expression of soluble TREM-1 and TREM-2 in the plasma of COVID-19 patients was found compared to the control group. Moreover, membrane-bound TREM-1 and TREM-2 expression was upregulated on the cell surface of circulating blood T cells from COVID-19 patients. Correlation analysis showed that sTREM-2 levels were negatively correlated with PaO2/FiO2, but positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the predictive efficacy of sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 was equivalent to CRP and IL-6, and a little better than absolute leukocyte or neutrophil count and PCT in distinguishing disease severity. CONCLUSION: TREM-2 and TREM-1 are critical host immune factors that response to SARS-COV-2 infection and could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
The expression of soluble TREM-1 and TREM-2 in plasma and membrane-bound TREM-1 and TREM-2 on the cell surface was upregulated in COVID-19 patients.sTREM-2 level was negatively correlated with PaO2/FiO2, but positively correlated with CRP, PCT and IL-6 level, respectively.sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 exhibited potential predictive abilities, and their expression was equivalent to CRP and IL-6, and better than the absolute leukocytes or neutrophil counts and PCT in distinguishing disease severity.
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COVID-19 , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Humanos , Receptor Gatilho 1 Expresso em Células Mieloides , Receptores Imunológicos/metabolismo , COVID-19/diagnóstico , SARS-CoV-2/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Pró-Calcitonina , Interleucina-6 , Gravidade do PacienteRESUMO
Obesity is one of the comorbidities in patients with asthma and obese patients with asthma present with a distinct phenotype with more severe disease outcomes and reduced responsiveness to standard therapies. Although the full mechanisms of obesityrelated asthma are still not completely understood, abnormal immune responses have been demonstrated to have a critical role in asthma pathogenesis. The present review summarizes the data from clinical, epidemiological and animal studies to provide an updated understanding of the immune responses in obesityrelated asthma, as well as the effect of various factors, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetics and epigenetics, on asthmatic inflammation. Further studies on the indepth mechanisms are still required to develop novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for patients with asthma combined with obesity.
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Asma , Animais , Asma/patologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/patologia , Inflamação , FenótipoRESUMO
Purpose: For early diagnosis of osteoporosis (OP), plasma metabolomics of OP was studied by untargeted LC/GC-MS in a Chinese elderly population to find possible diagnostic biomarkers. Methods: A total of 379 Chinese community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years were recruited for this study. The BMD of the calcaneus was measured using quantitative ultrasound (QUS), and a T value ≤-2.5 was defined as OP. Twenty-nine men and 47 women with OP were screened, and 29 men and 36 women were matched according to age and BMI as normal controls using propensity matching. Plasma from these participants was first analyzed by untargeted LC/GC-MS, followed by FC and P values to screen for differential metabolites and heatmaps and box plots to differentiate metabolites between groups. Finally, metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites was performed based on KEGG, and pathways with P ≤ 0.05 were selected as enrichment pathways. Results: We screened metabolites with FC>1.2 or FC<1/1.2 and P<0.05 and found 33 differential metabolites in elderly men and 30 differential metabolites in elderly women that could be potential biomarkers for OP. 2-Aminomuconic acid semialdehyde (AUC=0.72, 95% CI 0.582-0.857, P=0.004) is highly likely to be a biomarker for screening OP in older men. Tetradecanedioic acid (AUC=0.70, 95% CI 0.575-0.818, P=0.004) is highly likely to be a biomarker for screening OP in older women. Conclusion: These findings can be applied to clinical work through further validation studies. This study also shows that metabolomic analysis has great potential for application in the early diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of OP in elderly individuals.
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Osteoporose , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Feminino , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Metabolômica/métodos , Biomarcadores , Espectrometria de Massa com Cromatografia LíquidaRESUMO
Background: Asthma is an airway disease characterized by airflow limitation and various additional clinical manifestations. Repeated inflammatory stimulation of the airways leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which aggravates subepithelial fibrosis during the process of airway remodelling and enhances resistance to corticosteroids and bronchodilators in refractory asthma. There is growing evidence that IL-27 modulates airway remodelling, however, the molecular mechanisms involving IL-27 and EMT are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of IL-27 on ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged asthmatic mice in vivo and TGF-ß1-induced EMT in 16HBE cells in vitro. Methods: Airway inflammation, mucus secretion, and collagen deposition were analysed by conventional pathological techniques. The ratio of Th17 and Th9 cells in the spleen of mice was measured using flow cytometry, ELISA was performed for cytokine analysis to identify EMT-related molecules and signalling pathways, and other molecular and cellular techniques were used to explore the functional mechanism involving IL-27 and EMT. Results: Airway inflammation in asthmatic mice was significantly alleviated by IL-27, with downregulation of RhoA and ROCK, upregulation of E-cadherin, and a decrease of vimentin and α-SMA expression, compared to asthmatic mice. Moreover, the frequency of Th17 and Th9 cells in the spleen of asthmatic mice decreased following treatment with IL-27. In TGF-ß1-induced 16HBE cells, the addition of IL-27 was shown to inhibit EMT, based on the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA. Conclusion: Intranasal administration of IL-27 attenuates airway inflammation and EMT in a murine model of allergic asthma possibly by downregulating the RhoA/ROCK signalling pathway.
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Asma , Interleucina-27 , Remodelação das Vias Aéreas , Animais , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Caderinas/metabolismo , Caderinas/farmacologia , Caderinas/uso terapêutico , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/fisiologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Vimentina/farmacologia , Vimentina/uso terapêutico , Quinases Associadas a rho/metabolismo , Proteína rhoA de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismoRESUMO
COVID19 has swept through mainland China by humantohuman transmission. The rapid spread of SARSCoV2 and its variants, including the currently prevalent Omicron strain, pose a serious threat worldwide. The present review summarizes epidemiological investigation and etiological analysis of genomic, epidemiological, and pathological characteristics of the original strain and its variants, as well as progress in diagnosis and treatment. Prevention and control measures used during the current Omicron pandemic are discussed to provide further knowledge of SARSCoV2.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , China/epidemiologia , Humanos , PandemiasRESUMO
Interleukin (IL)27 can inhibit the differentiation of Th2 cells and plays a role in the development of asthma. However, whether the therapeutic administration of IL27 in a mouse model of asthma can inhibit allergic responses remains a matter of debate. Additionally, the mechanisms through which IL27 ameliorates inflammatory responses in asthma are not yet fully understood. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of IL27 on asthma using a mouse model and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose, mice received an intranasal administration of IL27 and the total and differential cell counts, levels of cytokines and type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells in the lungs were detected. The protein and mRNA levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 were analyzed and airway remodeling was assessed. The results indicated that IL27 did not ameliorate airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remolding when administrated therapeutically. Preventatively, the administration of IL27 decreased the concentrations of Th2 cytokines and increased the number of Tr1 cells. The protein and mRNA levels of STAT1 and STAT3 were increased. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the prophylactic administration of IL27 ameliorates asthma by alleviating the lung Th2 inflammatory environment through the restoration of both the STAT1 and STAT3 pathways. IL27 may thus prove to be useful as a novel agent for the prevention of asthma.
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Asma , Interleucina-27 , Pneumonia , Animais , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Interleucina-27/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Pulmão/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ovalbumina , Pneumonia/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Células Th2/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In recent decades, tranexamic acid (TXA) antifibrinolytic therapy before aneurysm clipping or embolization has been widely reported, but its safety and efficacy remain controversial. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of TXA therapy in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients, aiming to improve the evidence-based medical knowledge of treatment options for such patients. METHODS: Pubmed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to 1 March 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We extracted safety and efficacy outcomes and performed a meta-analysis using the Review Manager software. We performed two group analyses of TXA duration and daily dose. RESULTS: Ten RCT studies, enrolling a total of 2,810 participants (1,410 with and 1,400 without TXA therapy), matched the selection criteria. In the TXA duration group: TXA did not reduce overall mortality during the follow-up period [RR 1.00 (95% CI 0.81-1.22)]. The overall rebleeding rate in the TXA group was 0.53 times that of the control group, which was statistically significant [RR 0.53 (95% CI 0.39-0.71)]. However, an RR of 0.43 was not statistically significant in the subgroup analysis of short-term therapy [RR 0.43 (95% CI 0.13-1.39)]. The overall incidence of hydrocephalus was significantly higher in the TXA group than in the control group [RR 1.13 (95% CI 1.02-1.24)]. However, the trend was not statistically significant in the subgroup analysis [short-term: RR 1.10 (95% CI 0.99-1.23); long-term: RR 1.22 (95% CI 0.99-1.50)]. Treatment with TXA did not cause significant delayed cerebral ischemia [RR 1.18 (95% CI 0.89-1.56)], and its subgroup analysis showed an opposite and insignificant effect [short-term: RR 0.99 (95% CI 0.79-1.25); long-term: RR 1.38 (95% CI 0.86-2.21)]. Results in the daily dose group were consistent with those in the TXA duration group. CONCLUSIONS: Tranexamic acid does not reduce overall mortality in patients with aSAH, nor does it increase the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia. Tranexamic acid in treating aSAH can reduce the incidence of rebleeding. However, there is no statisticalsignificance in the ultra-early short-term and low daily dose TXA therapy, which may be due to the lack of relevant studies, and more RCT experiments are needed for further study. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp? PROSPERO, identifier: 244079.
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In the paper, by virtue of the binomial inversion formula, a general formula of higher order derivatives for a ratio of two differentiable function, and other techniques, the authors compute several sums in terms of the beta function and its partial derivatives, polygamma functions, the Gauss hypergeometric function, and a determinant. These results generalize known ones in combinatorics.