Strong Electronic Interaction in High-Entropy Oxide Enhances Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

High-entropy oxides are a new type of material with significant application potential. However, the lack of a universal HEO preparation method severely limits the property study and application of HEOs. Herein, we report a universal approach of spray pyrolysis for the preparation of various HEOs and study the electrocatalytic performance of HEOs toward the oxygen evolution reaction. FeCoNiMoWOx HEO exhibits an overpotential of 281 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 34.5 mV dec-1, which are far superior to those of the corresponding medium-entropy oxide and low-entropy oxide. It is found that the high entropy of the HEO greatly strengthens the interaction between Fe and Mo/W and produces abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs) around Mo and W. This work not only provides a universal preparation method for HEOs but also deepens our understanding of OER catalytic activity of HEOs.

Measurable residual disease monitoring by ddPCR in the early posttransplant period complements the traditional MFC method to predict relapse after HSCT in AML/MDS: a multicenter retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is widely applied to monitor measurable residual disease (MRD). However, there are limited studies on the feasibility of ddPCR-MRD monitoring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), especially targeting multiple molecular markers simultaneously. METHODS: Our study collected samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in complete remission after allo-HSCT between January 2018 and August 2021 to evaluate whether posttransplant ddPCR-MRD monitoring can identify patients at high risk of relapse. RESULTS: Of 152 patients, 58 (38.2%) were MRD positive by ddPCR within 4 months posttransplant, with a median variant allele frequency of 0.198%. The detectable DTA mutations (DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 mutations) after allo-HSCT were not associated with an increased risk of relapse. After excluding DTA mutations, patients with ddPCR-MRD positivity had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR, 38.7% vs. 9.7%, P < 0.001) and lower rates of relapse-free survival (RFS, 55.5% vs. 83.7%, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS, 60.5% vs. 90.5%, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, ddPCR-MRD positivity of non-DTA genes was an independent adverse predictor for CIR (hazard ratio [HR], 4.02; P < 0.001), RFS (HR, 2.92; P = 0.002) and OS (HR, 3.12; P = 0.007). Moreover, the combination of ddPCR with multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) can further accurately identify patients at high risk of relapse (F+/M+, HR, 22.44; P < 0.001, F+/M-, HR, 12.46; P < 0.001 and F-/M+, HR, 4.51; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: ddPCR-MRD is a feasible approach to predict relapse after allo-HSCT in AML/MDS patients with non-DTA genes and is more accurate when combined with MFC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06000306. Registered 17 August 2023 -Retrospectively registered ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06000306?term=NCT06000306&rank=1 ).

Cluster-based radiomics reveal spatial heterogeneity of bevacizumab response for treatment of radiotherapy-induced cerebral necrosis.

Background: Bevacizumab is used in the treatment of radiation necrosis (RN), which is a debilitating toxicity following head and neck radiotherapy. However, there is no biomarker to predict if a patient would respond to bevacizumab. Purpose: We aimed to develop a cluster-based radiomics approach to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of RN and map their responses to bevacizumab. Methods: 118 consecutive nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients diagnosed with RN were enrolled. We divided 152 lesions from the patients into 101 for training, and 51 for validation. We extracted voxel-level radiomics features from each lesion segmented on T1-weighted+contrast and T2 FLAIR sequences of pre- and post-bevacizumab magnetic resonance images, followed by a three-step analysis involving individual- and population-level clustering, before delta-radiomics to derive five radiomics clusters within the lesions. We tested the association of each cluster with response to bevacizumab and developed a clinico-radiomics model using clinical predictors and cluster-specific features. Results: 71 (70.3%) and 34 (66.7%) lesions had responded to bevacizumab in the training and validation datasets, respectively. Two radiomics clusters were spatially mapped to the edema region, and the volume changes were significantly associated with bevacizumab response (OR:11.12 [95% CI: 2.54-73.47], P = 0.004; and 1.63[1.07-2.78], P = 0.042). The combined clinico-radiomics model based on textural features extracted from the most significant cluster improved the prediction of bevacizumab response, compared with a clinical-only model (AUC:0.755 [0.645-0.865] to 0.852 [0.764-0.940], training; 0.708 [0.554-0.861] to 0.816 [0.699-0.933], validation). Conclusion: Our radiomics approach yielded intralesional resolution, enabling a more refined feature selection for predicting bevacizumab efficacy in the treatment of RN.

Comparing osteogenic effects between concentrated growth factors and the acellular dermal matrix

Abstract Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is an autogenuous product that contains highly concentrated number of platelets and can be derived from venous blood by selective centrifugation. It has been speculated that local growth factors in human platelets (insulinlike growth factor, IGF; transforming growth factor, TGF-b; platelet derived growth factor, PDGF) would enhance healing of grafts and also counteract resorption. The osteogensis effect of CGF and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) for alveolar cleft defects was evaluated in this study. Twenty alveolar cleft patients were divided randomly into two groups. One group underwent guided bone regeneration (GBR) using acellular dermal matrix film combined with alveolar bone grafting using iliac crest bone grafts (GBR group), while the other group underwent alveolar bone grafting combined with CGF (CGF group). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained at 1 week and 6 months following the procedure. Using Mimics 17.0 software, the bone resorption rate and bone density improvement rate were calculated and compared between the two groups. Although not significant between ADM and CGF in bone resorption rate, the bone density improvement in cases with CGF(61.62 ± 4.728%) was much better than in cases with ADM (27.05 ± 5.607%) (p = 0.0002). Thus, CGF could be recommended to patients with alveolar cleft as a better choice.