[Applied anatomy of the cerebelloponotine angle through retrosigmoid approach].

Objective:To privde anatomical basis for the surgical operation of endoscope-assisted retrosigmoid approach. Method:In 20 adult head cadavers fixed with formalin (40 sides), the surgery via retrosigmoid approach was simulated. The anatomic features of the cerebellopontine angle were examined and measured. Result:The distance from the midpoint of posterior border of sigmoid sinus to acoustic nerve near internal acoustic pore, trigeminal nerve near Meckel's cave, glossopharyngeal nerve near jugular foramen and the posterior margin of internal acoustic meatus were (32.8±1.7)mm, (46.3±1.8)mm, (29.4±3.0)mm, (31.2±2.0)mm. The tracks of degree of angle of median sagittal plane were (32.6±7.7)°, (31.4±4.1)°, (40.2±6.9)°, (32.7±4.9)°. Conclusion:The measurement provides some useful references for defining the position in operating.

Marrow graft rejection by repeated transfusions of allogeneic donor spleen cells.

Many hematological diseases require long-term transfusion support, which causes production of donor-reactive antibodies in sensitized recipients. Sensitized patients are at an increased risk for graft rejection when they undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Here, we established a highly sensitized murine model to investigate the mechanism of donor graft rejection. After BALB/c mice were repeatedly transfused with allogeneic spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice, there was a significant increase in complement-dependent cytotoxicity in the serum of sensitized mice. For transplantation, 1 x 10(7) bone marrow cells (BMCs) from C57BL/6 mice were injected into lethally irradiated recipient BALB/c mice. Sensitized mice died between 12 and 15 days post-transplantation, while non-sensitized mice remained alive after 28 days. The hematopoietic recovery rate declined over time in sensitized recipients. The homing trace assay showed a rapid disappearance of donor BMCs in the spleen and bone marrow of sensitized recipients. In addition, the recipient cells and antibodies in the sensitized serum were capable of inducing high level of cell- and complement-mediated cytotoxicity to the donor graft. Our finding may explain the impaired hematopoietic stem cell homing and poor hematopoietic engraftment observed in highly sensitized allo-HSCT patients.

[Diagnostic value of measuring resistance of airway in the bronchus diastole test for asthma].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the variation of resistance of airway (Raw) and the diagnostic value of the bronchus diastole test for asthma patient. METHODS: The forced expiratory volume of the first second (FEV1) and Raw were measured. RESULTS: 1. The positive rate of FEV1 increase after the test was 68% (20/31). 2. There was a significant difference in percentage of FEV1 increase after the test between positive group and negative group. 3. After the bronchus diastole test, the Raw decreased significantly in both groups. CONCLUSION: The decrease of Raw after bronchus diastole test is more valuable for the asthma diagnosis than that of FEV1.

[Vasomotor rhinitis following endoscopic sinus surgery: 5 cases report].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of endoscopic sinus surgery causing vasomotor rhinitis. METHOD: A retrospective study of 300 patients who received endoscopic sinus surgery. 5 cases out of 300 suffered from vasomotor rhinitis 1-3 weeks following endoscopic sinus surgery. Radio frequency cautery of agger nasi mucous was applied to all 5 patients. RESULT: After 4-6 months of follow-up, 4 cases out of 5 with vasomotor rhinitis were effective and 1 improved. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic sinus surgery may be causative factor for vasomotor rhinitis.

[Thyroidectomy and injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve].

OBJECTIVE: To study factors related to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis, a major complication of thyroidectomy. METHOD: Retrospective study of outcome of patient's medical records in Xijing Hospital and Tumor Hospital of Liaoning Province. Records of 1,563 patients who underwent thyroidectomy by departments of general surgery, ENT and head & neck surgery at these two hospitals were reviewed for RLN paralysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: RLN injury was analyzed in relation to types of surgery, RLN identification, and histopathology. RESULT: The incidence of RLN paralysis was 7.8%, and significantly related to the histopathologic findings of malignancy (P < 0.01). The positive identification and prevention of RLN would not be in either permanent RLN paralysis or temporary RLN paralysis, and the types of surgery were not found to be significant factors in both paralysis. CONCLUSION: RLNs should be identified to avoid iatrogenic injury and subsequent paralysis, and meticulous surgical technique should be applied in patients whose results of biopsy suggested malignancy.

[The expression of transforming growth factor alpha and its receptor in nasal polyps].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible role of expression of TGF alpha and EGFR in nasal polyps and its relationship with PCNA labeling index. METHOD: Specimens from 20 patients of nasal polyps were studied with immunohistochemical technique. RESULT: The expression of TGF alpha, EGFR and PCNA were increased in the epithelium, gland cells and inflammatory cells of nasal polyps. There was a close correlation between the intensities of TGF alpha, EGFR and PCNA. CONCLUSION: TGF alpha may play a key role in epithelial cell proliferation in nasal polyps.