The effects of dietary macronutrient composition on resting energy expenditure following active weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different dietary macronutrient patterns on changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) in relation to weight loss, categorized as minimal (<5%) and moderate to high (>5%). Changes in REE were assessed using a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects meta-analysis. A diet lower in carbohydrates (CHO) or higher in fat and protein was associated with smaller reductions in REE, with these trends being more pronounced among participants who experienced moderate to high weight loss. Adjusted meta-regression analysis indicated that, within the participants who experienced moderate to high weight loss, each 1% increase in CHO intake was associated with a reduction of 2.30 kcal/day in REE (95% CI: -4.11 to -0.47, p = 0.013). In contrast, a 1% increase in protein and fat intake was correlated with an increase in REE by 3.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.02, 5.07], p = 0.003) and 0.5 (95% CI [-2.43, 3.41], p = 0.740) kcal/day, respectively. No significant associations were found among participants who experienced minimal weight loss. These findings indicate that, under a caloric deficit, the impact of dietary macronutrient composition on REE may vary depending on the degree of weight loss and individual metabolic responses.

Associations among global long interspersed nuclear element-1 DNA methylation, metal exposure, and chronic kidney disease.

Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) methylation serves as an indicator of global DNA methylation. This study explored the correlation between LINE-1 methylation and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also evaluated whether LINE-1 methylation could modify the association between CKD and metal exposure. A total of 213 patients with clinically defined CKD, without hemodialysis and 416 age and sex matched controls were recruited. Levels of LINE-1 methylation, total urinary arsenic, blood lead, blood cadmium, and plasma selenium were assessed. The results reveal a positive association between LINE-1 methylation and CKD, with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.30 (95% confidence interval: 2.81 to 9.99). Total urinary arsenic and blood cadmium concentrations were positively related with LINE-1 methylation. This study was the first to observe that low plasma selenium, high blood cadmium, and high blood lead levels significantly and additively interact with increased LINE-1 methylation to increase the OR of CKD. Additionally, high LINE-1 methylation interacted multiplicatively with low plasma selenium to increase the OR of CKD (p < 0.001). This study highlighted the significant association between LINE-1 hypermethylation and CKD. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that LINE-1 methylation can interact with high blood cadmium or low plasma selenium to affect CKD risk.

Outpatient hysteroscopy impact on subsequent assisted reproductive technology: a systematic review and meta-analysis in patients with normal transvaginal sonography or hysterosalpingography images.

BACKGROUND: Standard management for intrauterine lesions typically involves initial imaging followed by operative hysteroscopy for suspicious findings. However, the efficacy of routine outpatient hysteroscopy in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) remains uncertain due to a lack of decisive high-quality evidence. This study aimed to determine whether outpatient hysteroscopy is beneficial for infertile women who have unremarkable imaging results prior to undergoing ART. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines, incorporating data up to May 31, 2023, from databases such as PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The primary outcome assessed was the live birth rate, with secondary outcomes including chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy rates, and miscarriage rates. Statistical analysis involved calculating risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals and assessing heterogeneity with the I2 statistic. RESULTS: The analysis included ten randomized control trials. Receiving outpatient hysteroscopy before undergoing ART was associated with increased live birth (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.45, I2 61%) and clinical pregnancy rate (RR 1.27 95% CI 1.10-1.47, I2 53%). Miscarriage rates did not differ significantly (RR 1.25, CI 0.90-1.76, I2 50%). Subgroup analyses did not show a significant difference in clinical pregnancy rates when comparing normal versus abnormal hysteroscopic findings (RR 1.01, CI 0.78-1.32, I2 38%). We analyzed data using both intention-to-treat and per-protocol approaches, and our findings were consistent across both analytical methods. CONCLUSIONS: Office hysteroscopy may enhance live birth and clinical pregnancy rates in infertile women undergoing ART, even when previous imaging studies show no apparent intrauterine lesions. Treating lesions not detected by imaging may improve ART outcomes. The most commonly missed lesions are endometrial polyps, submucosal fibroids and endometritis, which are all known to affect ART success rates. The findings suggested that hysteroscopy, given its diagnostic accuracy and patient tolerability, should be considered in the management of infertility. DATABASE REGISTRATION: The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systemic Review database (CRD42023476403).

[Effects of Tomato Planting Years on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Microbial Communities].

Long-term continuous cropping of facility soils could influence soil properties; however, the differences in soil properties among different continuous cropping years are still not well understood. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of continuous cropping years of tomato on the physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of facility soil. Conventional analysis, high-throughput sequencing, and other methods were used to examine the soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial community diversity, and enzyme activities in facility soil after continuous tomato cropping for 1-3 years, 5-7 years, and more than 10 years. As the continuous tomato cropping years increased, soil bulk density and pH decreased; soil maximal water holding capacity increased; and organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus accumulated. As continuous cropping years increased, the total salt and EC value decreased with continuous cropping for 5-7 years and increased from 5-7 years to more than 10 years continuous cropping and showed a trend of secondary soil salinization. There was a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase for 1-3 years to 5-7 years continuous tomato cropping. There were significant differences in fungal community abundance among different cropping years. The Simpson index and Shannon index of fungi showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the extension of continuous cropping years and reached the maximum value at 5 years of continuous cropping. The Chao1 index decreased continuously following the cropping years. As continuous cropping years increased, Streptomyces became the dominant bacteria, and Aspergillus and Pseudaleuria became the dominant fungi. The key factors affected by continuous cropping years were available potassium and available nitrogen based on the redundancy analysis. The results of this study lay the foundation for future research on the influence of continuous cropping years on the health of facility soil.

[Microbial Diversity and Population Structure of Different Salinized Soil Types in Hebei Province].

The objective of this study was to explore the microbial diversity and community composition under saline soil and to screen the salt-tolerant microbial flora from salinization habitats. The soil from three different habitats(primary salinization, secondary salinization, and healthy soil) in Hebei Province were sampled. The convention method and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to examine the physicochemical properties and microorganism diversity. The soil chemical properties of the three habitats were significantly different. Compared with those of field soil, the soil OM, AP, AK, TS, and EC values of greenhouse soil and TS and EC values of coastal saline soil were significantly higher. However, other chemical indexes of coastal saline soil were significantly lower. The diversity index and abundance of soil bacteria in greenhouse soil were the highest, followed by those in field soil and coastal saline soil as the lowest. The diversity index and abundance of fungi in two saline habitats were significantly lower than that in field soil. The community structure of saline soil was analyzed at the phylum and genus levels. Chloroflexi and its genera and Ascomycota and its genera, such as Trichocladium and Fusarium, were the dominant microbial groups in saline soil. EC and TS were the main factors affecting microbial diversity and community composition. EC and TS were positively correlated with unclassified_A4b, unclassified_Chloroflexi, unclassified_α-Proteobacteria, Trichocladium, unclassified_Chaetomiaceae, Crassicarpon, Cephaliophora, and Sodiomyces. The results of this study lay the foundation for future research on screening microbial resources needed for saline soil remediation.

A Novel TTBK2 Mutation in a Chinese Pedigree with Spinocerebellar Ataxia 11.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 11 (SCA11) is a rare disease and the tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) gene was the causative gene. To date, only six SCA11 families have been reported. Here, we reported a Chinese SCA11 pedigree with cerebellar ataxia. Both patients in the family demonstrated typical clinical features of cerebellar ataxia and cerebellar atrophy on brain MRI. A novel heterozygous duplication mutation (c.1211_1217dupAGGAGAA) of the TTBK2 gene was identified in the proband using whole-exome sequencing (WES), which resulted in a frameshift mutation and formed a premature stop codon (p. N406Kfs*47). The mutation was detected in the proband's affected brother, and his unaffected mother, who with a lower percentage of the mutation and considered as an asymptomatic mutation carrier. Our study delineated the genotypic spectrum of SCA11.

Endovascular Occlusive or Sclerosing Agent Monotherapy for Varicose Veins: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This systematic review and network meta-analysis investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of chemical agent injections in patients with varicose veins. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for eligible studies where patients administered endovascular agents comprised an intervention group, and patients administered other interventions comprised the comparison group. The endovascular agents included foam and liquid form sclerotherapy or cyanoacrylate glue. The other interventions in this study included surgery, endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and placebo. A network meta-analysis for treatment effectiveness was performed. In addition, we illustrated the P-score lines of success rate and complication rate sorted by the P-score. Our results showed that at all postprocedural time intervals, cyanoacrylate glue therapy exhibited a significantly higher success rate compared with foam and liquid sclerotherapy. According to the plot of P-score lines, cyanoacrylate glue had an overall tendency of higher success rate and lower complication rate compared with foam and liquid sclerotherapy. Comparing with the other invasive treatments, cyanoacrylate glue may be non-inferior and could be considered as an option for treating varicose veins. However, the clinical benefits and safety of endovascular agents for the treatment of varicose veins require further corroboration through randomized control trials.

Visfatin and Retinol Binding Protein-4 in Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents has increased rapidly in recent decades. However, the role of adipokines on pathophysiology in young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (YDM) is not clear. In this article, we explored the relationships between the adipokines (visfatin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in both YDM and late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (ODM). Materials and Methods: There were 36 patients with YDM (23.6 ± 4.8 years) and 36 patients with ODM (54.3 ± 10.1 years) enrolled. Visfatin, RBP4, and MetS components were measured. The relationships between visfatin, RBP4 and MetS components were assessed in YDM and ODM. Results: The visfatin, but not the RPB4 level, was significantly higher in YDM than in ODM. After adjusting for age and body mass index, visfatin was not related to any MetS components except that there was a negative correlation with fasting plasma glucose (FPG). As for RPB4, triglyceride was found to be positively and FPG negatively related to RBP4 in YDM. However, in ODM, the only positive relationship that existed was between RBP4 and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: In conclusion, both visfatin and RBP4 had certain roles in diabetes and MetS although their relationships were different in YDM and ODM. Further studies are needed to explore their physiological and pathological effects in glucose metabolism.

Effects of Oral Collagen for Skin Anti-Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1721 patients to assess the effects of hydrolyzed collagen (HC) supplementation on skin hydration and elasticity. The results showed that HC supplementation significantly improved skin hydration (test for overall effect: Z = 4.94, p < 0.00001) and elasticity (test for overall effect: Z = 4.49, p < 0.00001) compared to the placebo group. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the effects of HC supplementation on skin hydration varied based on the source of collagen and the duration of supplementation. However, there were no significant differences in the effects of different sources (p = 0.21) of collagen or corresponding measurements (p = 0.06) on skin elasticity. The study also identified several biases in the included RCTs. Overall, the findings suggest that HC supplementation can have positive effects on skin health, but further large-scale randomized control trials are necessary to confirm these findings.

Comparing the efficacy of different steroids for rhinoplasty: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Rhinoplasty can cause tissue trauma and inflammatory responses. Edema and ecchymosis, especially on the face, accompanied by inflammation are common complications. The anti-inflammatory properties of steroids can reduce postoperative edema and ecchymosis. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to determine the most effective type of steroids for preventing complications related to rhinoplasty. METHODS: The study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The population of comprised patients who underwent rhinoplasty or septorhinoplasty. Different types of steroids administrated intravenously during the perioperative period were compared. The primary outcome of postoperative edema and other outcomes were evaluated on postoperative day 1, 3, and 7. Random-effects model was performed. The means and standard deviations were extracted. RESULTS: Eighteen randomized controlled trials were included. The network meta-analysis revealed that dexamethasone and methylprednisolone significantly reduced edema on postoperative day 1 compared with placebo. No significant differences between the effects of any of two types of steroids were noted. CONCLUSION: At least one dose of intravenous steroid intervention is recommended during the perioperative period of rhinoplasty. However, in terms of reducing edema and ecchymosis, no significant differences were noted among dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and betamethasone.

Global DNA methylation and the association between metal exposure and chronic kidney disease.

Introduction: Prior studies indicate that exposure to metals may alter DNA methylation. Evidence also shows that global DNA methylation is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to examine the association between CKD and 5-methyl-2-deoxycytidine (5mdC, %), a marker of global DNA methylation, and to evaluate the interaction between metal exposures and 5mdC (%) on CKD. We also explored the mediation effect of 5mdC (%) on the association between metal exposures and renal function (i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR). Methods: A total of 218 CKD patients and 422 controls were recruited in this case-control study. 5mdC (%), concentrations of blood lead and cadmium, plasma selenium, and total urinary arsenic were measured. CKD cases were clinically defined among patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months and without hemodialysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by logistic regression models to examine the association between metal exposures, 5mdC (%), and CKD, adjusted for confounders. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between metal exposures, 5mdC (%), and eGFR. Results and Discussion: CKD cases compared to controls had 6.06-fold (95% CI: 3.11-11.81) higher odds of having high blood cadmium and high 5mdC (%) levels. A positive interaction on an additive scale was identified between blood cadmium and 5mdC (%) on CKD. Cases compared to controls had 4.73-fold (95% CI: 2.65-8.45) higher odds of having low plasma selenium and high 5mdC (%) levels; and a significant multiplicative interaction between plasma selenium and 5mdC (%) on CKD was observed. In addition, we found that blood lead and cadmium concentrations were positively associated, while plasma selenium concentrations were inversely associated, with 5mdC (%). The associations of blood lead and plasma selenium with eGFR were partially mediated by 5mdC (%). Our results suggest that 5mdC (%) may interact with plasma selenium and blood cadmium to influence the risk of CKD. The 5mdC (%) also potentially mediates the associations between exposure to metals and renal function.

Relationships between Dietary Patterns and Erythropoiesis-Associated Micronutrient Deficiencies (Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12) among Pregnant Women in Taiwan.

Globally, anemia affects 56 million pregnant women, especially women with a low household income. Functional erythropoiesis requires a constant supply of micronutrients, and the demands significantly increase during fetal development. This study aims to identify dietary patterns for preventing gestational erythropoiesis-associated micronutrient deficiencies (e.g., iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12). A Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey in Pregnant Women, Taiwan (NAHSIT-PW), was conducted between 2017 and 2019. Data on baseline information, diet, anthropometrics, and blood biochemistry were collected during a prenatal visit. Dietary patterns were identified using a reduced rank regression (RRR). Erythropoiesis-related micronutrient deficiencies were defined as single, double, and triple micronutrient deficiencies of an iron deficiency, folate depletion, and a vitamin B12 deficiency. In total, 1437 singleton pregnancies aged ≥20-48 years were included in the analysis. Prevalences of normal nutrition, and single, double, and triple erythropoiesis-related micronutrient deficiencies were 35.7%, 38.2%, 18.6%, and 7.5%, respectively. Anemic pregnant women with a low household income had the highest prevalence rates of double (32.5%) and triple (15.8%) erythropoiesis-related micronutrient deficiencies. Dietary pattern scores were positively correlated with nuts and seeds, fresh fruits, total vegetables, breakfast cereals/oats and related products, soybean products, and dairy products but negatively correlated with processed meat products and liver, organs, and blood products. After adjusting for covariates, the dietary pattern had 29% (odds ratio (OR): 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.055-0.091, p = 0.006)) and 43% (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.41-0.80, p = 0.001)) reduced odds of having double and triple erythropoiesis-related micronutrient deficiencies for those pregnant women with a low household income. For those women with anemia, dietary patterns had 54% (OR: 046, 95% CI: 0.27-0.78) and 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.170.64) reduced odds of double and triple erythropoiesis-related micronutrient deficiencies. In conclusion, increased consumption of breakfast cereals and oats, nuts, and seeds, fresh fruits and vegetables, soybean products, and dairy products may protect women against erythropoiesis-related micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy.

Chronic Kidney Disease: Interaction of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms and Diabetes.

Adiponectin is an adipokine multipeptide hormone with insulin-sensitizing; anti-atherosclerotic; and anti-inflammatory properties. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be associated with low adiponectin. The adiponectin gene ADIPOQ is thought to be the only major gene responsible for plasma adiponectin levels; which are associated with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between ADIPOQ polymorphism and CKD. In addition; the combined effects of ADIPOQ polymorphism and diabetes and levels of total urinary arsenic and blood cadmium on CKD were also explored. This study included 215 CKD patients and 423 age-sex matched controls. The ADIPOQ polymorphisms were determined using the Agena Bioscience Mass ARRAY System. The levels of blood cadmium and urinary arsenic species were measured. The ADIPOQ rs182052 GA/AA genotype had a marginally lower odds ratio (OR) for CKD than the GG genotype. The OR (95% confidence interval; CI) was 16.33 (5.72-46.66) of CKD in subjects carrying the ADIPOQ rs182052 GG genotype and diabetes compared to non-diabetes subjects carrying the ADIPOQ rs182052 GA/AA genotype; the interaction term had p = 0.015; and the synergy index was 6.64 (1.81-24.36) after multivariate adjustment. A significant interaction of diabetes and ADIPOQ rs1501299 risk genotype increased the OR of CKD after multivariate adjustment with a synergy index of 0.31 (0.11-0.86) and a multiplicative interaction with p = 0.001. These results suggest that ADIPOQ rs182052 and rs1501299 risk genotypes may significantly modify the association between diabetes and CKD but not the association between total urinary arsenic and blood cadmium and CKD.

Role of microglial metabolic reprogramming in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by damage to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Key pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD include alpha-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, impaired protein clearance, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. However, to date, no study has confirmed the specific pathogenesis of PD. Similarly, current PD treatment methods still have shortcomings. Although some emerging therapies have proved effective for PD, the specific mechanism still needs further clarification. Metabolic reprogramming, a term first proposed by Warburg, is applied to the metabolic energy characteristics of tumor cells. Microglia have similar metabolic characteristics. Pro-inflammatory M1 type and anti-inflammatory M2 type are the two types of activated microglia, which exhibit different metabolic patterns in glucose, lipid, amino acid, and iron metabolism. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in microglial metabolic reprogramming by activating various signaling mechanisms. Functional changes in microglia resulting from metabolic reprogramming can cause changes in the brain microenvironment, thus playing an important role in neuroinflammation or tissue repair. The involvement of microglial metabolic reprogramming in PD pathogenesis has been confirmed. Neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuronal death can effectively be reduced by inhibiting certain metabolic pathways in M1 microglia or reverting M1 cells to the M2 phenotype. This review summarizes the relationship between microglial metabolic reprogramming and PD and provides strategies for PD treatment.

Associations of Dietary Patterns and Vitamin D Levels with Iron Status in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan.

Vitamin D is involved in the pathophysiology of anemia. This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey in Pregnant Women in Taiwan database. We investigated associations among dietary patterns (DPs), vitamin D, and iron-related biomarkers in pregnant women. The principal component analysis revealed four DPs. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association of DPs with anemia-related biomarkers. Plant-based, carnivore, and dairy and nondairy alternatives DPs were positively associated with serum vitamin D levels. After adjusting covariates, the pregnant women consuming plant-based DPs at the mid-tertile (T2) were associated with reduced risks of low serum folate and vitamin D levels, and those consuming carnivore DPs at higher tertiles (T2 and/or T3) were correlated with an increased risk of low serum iron levels but decreased risks of low serum transferrin saturation, vitamin B12, and vitamin D levels. The pregnant women consuming dairy and nondairy alternatives DPs at the highest tertile (T3) were associated with reduced risks of low serum folate and vitamin B12 levels. However, the processed food DP was not correlated with anemia-related biomarkers. Thus, plant-based, carnivore, and dairy and nondairy alternatives DPs were associated with the risk of low-serum-anemia-related variables.

Effects of Climate, Sun Exposure, and Dietary Intake on Vitamin D Concentrations in Pregnant Women: A Population-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a global micronutrient issue that commonly occurs in pregnant women, leading to adverse health outcomes. We examined the role of sunlight-related factors and dietary vitamin D intake on vitamin D concentrations among pregnant women in different climate zones. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Taiwan between June 2017 and February 2019. The data of 1502 pregnant women were collected, including sociodemographic information and characteristics related to pregnancy, diet, and sun exposure. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured, and VDD was assessed as a concentration of less than 20 ng/mL. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the factors associated with VDD. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to analyze the contribution of sunlight-related factors and dietary vitamin D intake to vitamin D status stratified by climate zones. RESULTS: The prevalence of VDD was 30.1% and was the highest in the north. Sufficient intake of red meat (odds ratio (OR): 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32-0.75; p = 0.002), vitamin D and/or calcium supplements (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39-0.66; p < 0.001), sun exposure (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57-0.98; p = 0.034), and blood draw during sunny months (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.46-0.77; p < 0.001) were associated with a lower likelihood of VDD. Additionally, in northern Taiwan, which is characterized by a subtropical climate, dietary vitamin D intake (AUROC: 0.580, 95% CI: 0.528-0.633) had a greater influence on vitamin D status than did sunlight-related factors (AUROC: 0.536, 95% CI: 0.508-0.589) with a z value = 51.98, p < 0.001. By contrast, sunlight-related factors (AUROC: 0.659, 95% CI: 0.618-0.700) were more important than dietary vitamin D intake (AUROC: 0.617, 95% CI, 0.575-0.660) among women living in tropical areas of Taiwan (z value = 54.02, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary vitamin D intake was essential to alleviate VDD in the tropical region, whereas sunlight-related factors played a greater role in subtropical areas. Safe sunlight exposure and adequate dietary vitamin D intake should be promoted appropriately as a strategic healthcare program.

Effectiveness and Safety of Energy-Based Devices for Acne Scars: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit in teenagers. Acne-induced inflammation leads to acne scarring. Scholars have discussed acne scar treatments; however, energy-based devices with satisfactory outcomes remain unidentified. Objective: To measure quartile grading scale and visual analog scale (VAS) to study the difference between energy-based devices. Methods: We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated patients with acne scars. The primary outcomes were the quartile grading scale and VAS scores. We used Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis to evaluate indirectness, imprecision, heterogeneity, and incoherence. Results: A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. The quartile grading scale results revealed that ablative fractional laser was significantly more effective than nonablative fractional laser (standard mean difference [SMD]: 0.516, confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.281-0.750) and radiofrequency treatment (SMD: 0.941, 95% CI: 0.540-1.342). Moreover, nonablative fractional laser was significantly more effective than radiofrequency treatment (SMD: 0.426, 95% CI: 0.049-0.802). No significant difference in VAS score was found among the devices. Conclusion: Ablative fractional laser is an effective treatment for acne scars although it is associated with more pain.

Possible Combined Effects of Plasma Folate Levels, Global DNA Methylation, and Blood Cadmium Concentrations on Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Epigenetic effects of environmental pollutants may be related to carcinogenesis. This study aimed to explore the association between the global DNA methylation marker: 5-methyl-2-deoxycytidine (5mdC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and further investigated whether plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels and 5mdC modified the association between blood cadmium concentrations and RCC. We recruited 174 RCC patients and 673 non-RCC controls. Blood cadmium concentrations, plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels were measured. The amount of 5mdC in the DNA sample was expressed as percentages of the total cytosine content. An increase of 5mdC (%) and plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels were associated with decreasing odds ratio (OR) of RCC. Although plasma folate levels were not directly associated with 5mdC (%), a combined effect was observed with the odds of low plasma folate levels and low 5mdC (%) were greater among RCC patients compared to controls (OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 11.86 (5.27-26.65)). Additionally, we observed that the odds of low plasma folate and high blood cadmium levels were greater among RCC patients than in controls (OR (95% CI): 8.15 (1.39-7.13)). This study provides suggestive evidence that plasma folate levels may modify the associations between 5mdC (%) or blood cadmium concentrations and RCC.

Chronic Kidney Disease: Combined Effects of Gene Polymorphisms of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase 3, Total Urinary Arsenic, and Blood Lead Concentration.

The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) is known to be an anti-fibrotic factor. Arsenic, lead, and cadmium exposure and selenium intake may affect TIMP3 expression. The downregulation of TIMP3 expression is related to kidney fibrosis. Genotypes of TIMP3 are related to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study explored whether TIMP3 polymorphism is associated with hypertension-related chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, the combined effects of TIMP3 polymorphism and total urinary arsenic, blood lead and cadmium, and plasma selenium concentrations on CKD, were investigated. This was a case-control study, with 213 CKD patients and 423 age- and sex-matched controls recruited. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine TIMP3 gene polymorphisms. The concentrations of urinary arsenic species, plasma selenium, and blood lead and cadmium were measured. The odds ratio (OR) of CKD in the TIMP3rs9609643 GA/AA genotype was higher than that of the GG genotype at high levels of total urinary arsenic and blood lead; the OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.57 (0.31-1.05) and 0.52 (0.30-0.93), respectively, after multivariate adjustment. High blood lead levels tended to interact with the TIMP3rs9609643 GG genotype to increase the OR of CKD, and gave the highest OR (95% CI) for CKD of 5.97 (2.60-13.67). Our study supports a possible role for the TIMP3rs9609643 risk genotype combined with high total urinary arsenic or with high blood lead concentration to increase the OR of CKD.

Tissue Sealants for Facial Rhytidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: The aging face can be surgically treated with a face-lift (rhytidectomy); however, bleeding and hematoma are complications that surgeons seek to prevent. Objective: To compare the drainage volume and rate of hematoma in studies of rhytidectomy among those having tissue sealants and those without. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022325404). We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that the enrolled participants undergoing rhytidectomy and used tissue sealants as the intervention. We calculated the mean and standard deviation for the drainage volume; risk ratios (RRs) were used for hematoma incidents. Results: Seven RCTs were included. The drainage volume was significantly lower in the tissue sealant group than in the control group (mean difference [MD]: -11.01, confidence interval [95% CI]: -18.39 to -3.63, p < 0.00001). As for hematomas, the incidence was also lower in the tissue sealant group (RR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.08-0.99, p = 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that tissue sealants can be effective in reducing drainage volume and hematoma in face-lift; however, autologous and homologous tissue sealants can be further compared in future RCTs.