Impacts of Metal-Support Interaction on Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Cobalt-Nitride-Carbide Catalyst.

Cobalt-nitride-carbide (Co-N-C) catalysts are promising cost-efficient transition metal catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, but few works investigate the metal-support interaction (MSI) effect on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Herein, efficient Co-N-CX catalysts with controllable MSI between encapsulated Co nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon nanosheets were synthesized via a facile organic-inorganic hybridization method. Results demonstrate that the Co-N-C0.025M catalyst with the coexistence of single-atom Co sites and Co nanoparticles prepared by 0.025 M cobalt nitrate shows excellent HER performance, achieving a low overpotential of 145 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M sulfuric acid, which is mainly because the optimal MSI, which leads to a moderate hydrogen adsorption energy and improved electroactive sites, not only facilitates the charge transfer to improve the HER kinetics, but also improves the durability of the catalyst by Co-N bond anchoring and encapsulation of active Co species. This work provides guidance to further reveal the influence of MSI on their catalytic activity.

Hydrodynamics Analysis and CFD Simulation of Portal Venous System by TIPS and LS.

In cirrhotic patients, portal hypertension is often associated with a hyperdynamic changes. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) and Laparoscopic splenectomy are both treatments for liver cirrhosis due to portal hypertension. While, the two different interventions have different effects on hemodynamics after operation and the possibilities of triggering PVT are different. How hemodynamics of portal vein system evolving with two different operations remain unknown. Based on ultrasound and established numerical methods, CFD technique is applied to analyze hemodynamic changes after TIPS and Laparoscopic splenectomy. In this paper, we applied two 3-D flow models to the hemodynamic analysis for two patients who received a TIPS and a laparoscopic splenectomy, both therapies for treating portal hypertension induced diseases. The current computer simulations give a quantitative analysis of the interplay between hemodynamics and TIPS or splenectomy. In conclusion, the presented computational model can be used for the theoretical analysis of TIPS and laparoscopic splenectomy, clinical decisions could be made based on the simulation results with personal properly treatment.

Radiofrequency ablation versus cryosurgery ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the meta-analysis of the effect between radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryosurgery ablation (CSA) in treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODOLOGY: Systematic literature search of relevant clinical studies was carried out in Pubmed, Embase, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library Central databases and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Data were ed independently by two reviewers. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Primary outcomes were the mortality, complication and local recurrence. Three prospective study and one retrospective studies were finally eligible for meta-analysis, involving a total of 433 HCC patients (180 with RFA and 253 with CSA). RFA was significantly superior to CSA in complication (OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.54-5.09); local recurrence of patient (OR: 4.02, 95% CI: 1.93-8.39); local recurrence of tumor (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.12-3.42). No significant difference was found in mortality (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 0.45-10.8) between RFA and CSF. CONCLUSIONS: Although multiple confounders exist in the clinical trials especially the bias in patient selection, RFA was significantly superior to CSA in the treatment of HCC.