Stress sensitivity analysis of vuggy porous media based on two-scale fractal theory.

Interparticle pore space and vugs are two different scales of pore space in vuggy porous media. Vuggy porous media widely exists in carbonate reservoirs, and the permeability of this porous media plays an important role in many engineering fields. It has been shown that the change of effective stress has important effects on the permeability of vuggy porous media. In this work, a fractal permeability model for vuggy porous media is developed based on the fractal theory and elastic mechanics. Besides, a Monte Carlo simulation is also implemented to obtain feasible values of permeability. The proposed model can predict the elastic deformation of the fractal vuggy porous media under loading stress, which plays a crucial role in the variations of permeability. The predicted permeability data based on the present fractal model are compared with experimental data, which verifies the validity of the present fractal permeability model for vuggy porous media. The parameter sensitivity analysis indicates that the permeability of stress-sensitivity vuggy porous media is related to the capillary fractal dimension, capillary fractal tortuosity dimension, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio.

Multiparametric MRI-based radiomic nomogram for predicting HER-2 2+ status of breast cancer.

Objective: To explore the application of multiparametric MRI-based radiomic nomogram for assessing HER-2 2+ status of breast cancer (BC). Methods: Patients with pathology-proven HER-2 2+ invasive BC, who underwent preoperative MRI were divided into training (72 patients, 21 HER-2-positive and 51 HER-2-negative) and validation (32 patients, 9 HER-2-positive and 23 HER-2-negative) sets by randomization. All were classified as HER-2 2+ FISH-positive (HER-2-positive) or -negative (HER-2-negative) according to IHC and FISH. The 3D VOI was drawn on MR images by two radiologists. ADC, T2WI, and DCE images were analyzed separately to extract features (n = 1906). L1 regularization, F-test, and other methods were used to reduce dimensionality. Binary radiomics prediction models using features from single or combined imaging sequences were constructed using logistic regression (LR) classifier then and validated on a validation dataset. To build a radiomics nomogram, multivariate LR analysis was conducted to identify independent indicators. An evaluation of the model's predictive efficacy was made using AUC. Results: On the basis of combined ADC, T2WI, and DCE images, ten radiomic features were extracted following feature dimensionality reduction. There was superior diagnostic efficiency of radiomic signature using all three sequences compared to either one or two sequences (AUC for training group: 0.883; AUC for validation group: 0.816). Based on multivariate LR analysis, radiomic signature and peritumoral edema were independent predictors for identifying HER-2 2 +. In both training and validation datasets, nomograms combining peritumoral edema and radiomics signature demonstrated an effective discrimination (AUCs were respectively 0.966 and 0. 884). Conclusion: The nomogram that incorporated peritumoral edema and multiparametric MRI-based radiomic signature can be used to effectively predict the HER-2 2+ status of BC.

Boosting Sono-immunotherapy of Prostate Carcinoma through Amplifying Domino-Effect of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Using Biodegradable Cascade-Targeting Nanocomposites.

Sono-immunotherapy faces challenges from poor immunogenicity and low response rate due to complex biological barriers. Herein, we prepared MCTH nanocomposites (NCs) consisting of disulfide bonds (S-S) doped mesoporous organosilica (MONs), Cu-modified protoporphyrin (CuPpIX), mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphine (TPP), and CD44-targeting hyaluronic acid (HA). MCTH NCs efficiently accumulate at the tumor site due to the overexpressed CD44 receptors on the membrane of the cancer cells. Under the function of HAase and glutathione (GSH), MCTH degrades and exposes TPP to deliver CuPpIX to the mitochondrial site and induce a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in situ under ultrasound irradiations, thereby causing severe mitochondria dysfunction. This cascade-targeting ability of MCTH NCs not only reinforces oxidative stress in cancer cells but also amplifies immunogenic cell death (ICD) to stimulate the body's immune response and alleviate the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. These NCs significantly enhance the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor, particularly CD8+ T cells, for a powerful antitumor sono-immunotherapy. The proposed cascade-targeting strategy holds promise for strengthening sono-immunotherapy for prostate cancer treatment and overcoming the limitations of traditional immunotherapy.

Research on structural strengthening technology for regenerative denitration catalysts.

The cost of replacing failed selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts and their disposal as hazardous solid waste is high. If failed catalysts are recovered and regenerated into new SCR denitration catalysts, the cost of flue gas denitration can be effectively reduced. However, regenerated SCR catalysts have relatively low structural strength and activity and cannot yet form an effective replacement. In this study, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, aluminum nitrate, and aluminum sulfate were used as structural strengthening agents in the regeneration of SCR catalysts, and over-impregnation, drumming-assisted impregnation, and ultrasonic-assisted preparation techniques were compared. The corresponding regenerated SCR catalysts were then prepared and analyzed for compressive strength, wear strength, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, and in situ IR. Factors influencing the structural strength, physical properties, and catalytic activity of the regenerated catalysts were investigated. The best results were obtained as follows: compressive strength of 4.57 MPa, wear rate of 0.088% kg-1, and denitration of 58% after 10 min of drumming-assisted impregnation in an aluminum sulfate solution with a concentration of 16%. Based on this, a synergistic method for catalyst activity and structural strengthening was explored to support the design of better SCR catalysts for regeneration.

Real-world outcomes of PD-L1 inhibitors combined with thoracic radiotherapy in the first-line treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: The CREST study showed that the addition of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) could improve the survival rate in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), but whether TRT can bring survival benefit in the era of immunotherapy remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of adding TRT to the combination of PD-L1 inhibitors and chemotherapy. METHODS: The patients who received durvalumab or atezolizumab combined with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of ES-SCLC from January 2019 to December 2021 were enrolled. They were divided into two groups, based on whether they received TRT or not. Propensity score matching (PSM) with a 1:1 ratio was performed. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. RESULTS: A total of 211 patients with ES-SCLC were enrolled, of whom 70 (33.2%) patients received standard therapy plus TRT as first-line treatment, and 141 (66.8%) patients in the control group received PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy. After PSM, a total of 57 pairs of patients were enrolled in the analysis. In all patients, the median PFS (mPFS) in the TRT and non-TRT group was 9.5 and 7.2 months, respectively, with HR = 0.59 (95%CI 0.39-0.88, p = 0.009). The median OS (mOS) in the TRT group was also significantly longer than that in the non-TRT group (24.1 months vs. 18.5 months, HR = 0.53, 95%CI 0.31-0.89, p = 0.016). Multivariable analysis showed that baseline liver metastasis and the number of metastases ≥ 3 were independent prognostic factors for OS. Addition of TRT increased the incidence of treatment-related pneumonia (p = 0.018), most of which were grade 1-2. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of TRT to durvalumab or atezolizumab plus chemotherapy significantly improves survival in ES-SCLC. Although it may leads to increased incidence of treatment-related pneumonia, a majority of the cases can be relieved after symptomatic treatment.

Radiomics and Ki-67 index predict survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate predictive models based on Ki-67 index, radiomics, and Ki-67 index combined with radiomics for survival analysis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: This study enrolled 148 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as ccRCC between March 2010 and December 2018 at our institute. All tissue sections were collected and immunohistochemical staining was performed to calculate Ki-67 index. All patients were randomly divided into the training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. Regions of interests (ROIs) were segmented manually. Radiomics features were selected from ROIs in unenhanced, corticomedullary, and nephrographic phases. Multivariate Cox models based on the Ki-67 index and radiomics and univariate Cox models based on the Ki-67 index or radiomics alone were built; the predictive power was evaluated by the concordance (C)-index, integrated area under the curve, and integrated Brier Score. RESULTS: Five features were selected to establish the prediction models of radiomics and combined model. The C-indexes of Ki-67 index model, radiomics model, and combined model were 0.741, 0.718, and 0.782 for disease-free survival (DFS); 0.941, 0.866, and 0.963 for overall survival, respectively. The predictive power of combined model was the best in both training and validation sets. CONCLUSION: The survival prediction performance of combined model was better than Ki-67 model or radiomics model. The combined model is a promising tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with ccRCC in the future. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Both Ki-67 and radiomics have showed giant potential in prognosis prediction. There are few studies to investigate the predictive ability of Ki-67 combined with radiomics. This study intended to build a combined model and provide a reliable prognosis for ccRCC in clinical practice.

Nomogram Based on Preoperative Absolute Lymphocyte Count to Predict Local Recurrence in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Microwave Ablation.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative absolute lymphocyte count (preALC) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after microwave ablation (MWA) and build a combined nomograph with clinical features to predict the local recurrence. Patients and Methods: A total of 118 NSCLC patients who underwent microwave ablation were enrolled in this study. The median local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was 35.5 months. Independent prognostic factors obtained by multivariate analysis were included in the prediction model. The prognostic value of the model was assessed by the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (T-AUC). Results: Histological subtype and preALC were independent risk factors for local relapse-free survival. According to the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (T-ROC), the optimal cut-off value of preALC was 1.965×109/L, the sensitivity was 0.837, and the specificity was 0.594. The area under the T-ROC curve (AUC) of preALC was 0.703. To establish a nomogram to predict the local recurrence rate of NSCLC after MWA based on the prognostic factors revealed by Cox regression. Conclusion: Preoperative lymphocyte count reduction is associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC. The nomogram model combined with preALC can provide a good individualized prediction of local recurrence after microwave ablation.

Radiotherapy-induced tumor physical microenvironment remodeling to overcome immunotherapy resistance.

The clinical benefits of immunotherapy are proven in many cancers, but a significant number of patients do not respond well to immunotherapy. The tumor physical microenvironment (TpME) has recently been shown to affect the growth, metastasis and treatment of solid tumors. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has unique physical hallmarks: 1) unique tissue microarchitecture, 2) increased stiffness, 3) elevated solid stress, and 4) elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), which contribute to tumor progression and immunotherapy resistance in a variety of ways. Radiotherapy, a traditional and powerful treatment, can remodel the matrix and blood flow associated with the tumor to improve the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to a certain extent. Herein, we first review the recent research advances on the physical properties of the TME and then explain how TpME is involved in immunotherapy resistance. Finally, we discuss how radiotherapy can remodel TpME to overcome immunotherapy resistance.

Surface adsorbed and lattice oxygen activated by the CeO2/Co3O4 interface for enhancive catalytic soot combustion: Experimental and theoretical investigations.

Metal oxide-oxide interface on supported catalyst has been rarely studied due to the complex interfacial structure and synthetic challenge. Herein, different Ag-supported CeO2/Co3O4 samples with various covered-state of CeO2 were prepared for catalytic soot oxidation. In comparison, catalytic activity was significantly improved by grafting CeO2 on Co3O4, in which the best performing Ag/CoCe-2 exhibited remarkable catalytic performance towards soot oxidation with a T50 of 290.5 â„ƒ under 10 % O2/N2. Catalyst characterization investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), quasi in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), in-situ Raman, etc. revealed that this outstanding promotion in catalytic activity can be principally ascribed to the formation of the CeO2/Co3O4 interface. An appropriate CeO2 dosage maximized the contact and interaction between Co3O4 and CeO2, resulting in the largest CeO2/Co3O4 interface featured with abundant generated superoxide species and activated surface lattice oxygen. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also carried out for the oxygen vacancy formation energy, Gibbs free energy, etc. In presence of the CeO2/Co3O4 interface, a charge density redistribution around the adsorbed reactants at oxygen vacancies could be formed, owing to the efficient charge transfer enhanced by the electron-appealing effect. The change in electronic structure favored reducing the oxygen vacancy formation energy and boosting the lattice oxygen activation induced by the hybridized Co-O-Ce bonds, finally lowering the adsorption and activation barriers for reactive species and accelerating the reaction kinetics.

TIGIT blockade enhances tumor response to radiotherapy via a CD103 + dendritic cell-dependent mechanism.

Blockade of the T cell immunoreceptor with the immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) can enhance innate and adaptive tumor immunity and radiotherapy (RT) can enhance anti-tumor immunity. However, our data suggest that TIGIT-mediated immune suppression may be an impediment to such goals. Herein, we report on the synergistic effects of RT combined with anti-TIGIT therapy and the mechanism of their interaction. Treatment efficacy was assessed by measuring primary and secondary tumor growth, survival, and immune memory capacity. The function of CD103 + dendritic cells (DCs) under the combined treatment was assessed in wild-type and BATF3-deficient (BATF3-/-) mice. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) was used to confirm the role of CD103 + DCs in RT combined with anti-TIGIT therapy. TIGIT was upregulated in immune cells following RT in both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and mouse models. Administration of the anti-TIGIT antibody enhanced the efficacy of RT through a CD8 + T cell-dependent mechanism. It was observed that RT and the anti-TIGIT antibody synergistically enhanced the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating DCs, which activated CD8 + T cells. The efficacy of the combination therapy was negated in the BATF3-/- mouse model. CD103 + DCs were required to promote the anti-tumor effects of combination therapy. Additionally, Flt3L therapy enhanced tumor response to RT combined with TIGIT blockade. Our study demonstrated TIGIT blockade can synergistically enhance anti-tumor T cell responses to RT via CD8 + T cells (dependent on CD103 + DCs), suggesting the clinical potential of targeting the TIGIT pathway and expanding CD103 + DCs in RT.

The Use of Pyrolytic Char Derived from Waste Tires in the Removal of Malachite Green from Dyeing Wastewater.

The organic dye malachite green (MG) poses a potential risk of cancer and fertility loss in humans and aquatic organisms. This study focused on a modified pyrolytic char (PC) derived from waste tires to efficiently remove MG from wastewater. Modified PC has rich -OH functional groups, higher BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surfaces of 74.4, 64.95, and 67.31 m2/g, and larger pore volumes of 0.52, 0.47, and 0.62 cm3/g for NaOH, Na2CO3, and CaO modification, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model fit the adsorption well, and the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity was 937.8 mg/g for PC after CaO activation (CaO-PC). NaOH-modified PC (NaOH-PC) showed the best fit with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.918). It is suggested that alkali-modified waste tire pyrolytic char could be a potential adsorbent for removing MG from dye-containing wastewater.

Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus anlotinib in small cell lung cancer with brain metastases: a retrospective, multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that both immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anlotinib have central nervous system (CNS) efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICIs combined with anlotinib in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with brain metastases (BMs). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed SCLC patients with CNS metastases confirmed by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) and Response assessment in neuro-oncology brain metastases (RANO-BM) were used to evaluate treatment response to ICIs plus anlotinib. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed to determine patient's prognosis. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients with baseline BMs were included. For patients with measurable intracranial lesions, the intracranial objective response rate (ORR) was 29.2% based on RECIST 1.1 criteria and was 27.1% based on RANO-BM criteria. The median intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.5-11.5 months). The median overall survival (OS) was 13.4 months (95% CI, 10.7-20.5 months). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high disease burden (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.83, P < 0.001), multiple BMs (HR = 2.71, P = 0.036), and more than or equal to 3 prior lines of therapy (HR = 2.56, P = 0.023) were independent negative predictors of OS. The overall incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) was 75.8%, and grade 3-4 TRAEs were reported in 19.7% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that ICIs plus anlotinib had potent CNS efficacy with tolerable toxicity and could be a promising treatment option for SCLC patients with BMs.

Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) versus active surveillance in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a retrospective, multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: The recommendation of PCI for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) is primarily based on evidence from the pre-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) era. However, as MRI accuracy improves and stereotactic radiosurgery advances, the role of PCI for LS-SCLC has become uncertain. This study aims to compare the contemporary survival outcomes of patients with LS-SCLC treated with PCI versus active surveillance. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in which 1068 patients with LS-SCLC who achieved a good response to first-line chemoradiotherapy were consecutively enrolled from 5 tertiary medical centres between June 2009 and June 2019. Of these patients, 440 received PCI, while 628 received surveillance without PCI. Propensity score matching with a 1:1 ratio was performed to balance the baseline characteristics of the two cohorts. The endpoints were overall survival (OS) and the incidence of brain metastasis (BM). RESULTS: In total, 648 patients were matched. The baseline characteristics were generally well balanced. At a median follow-up of 64.5 months (range 2-190), patients who underwent PCI had a significantly lower risk for BM than those who underwent surveillance. The 3-year cumulative incidence rate of BM was 28.2% (95% CI 22.5-33.8%) in the PCI cohort and 38.5% (32.6-44.5%) in the surveillance cohort (Gray's p = 0.002). However, the lower incidence of BM in the PCI cohort did not translate into a significant extension of OS. The median OS was 35.8 months (95% CI 27.6-44.0 months) in the PCI cohort versus 32 months (26.4-37.6 months) in the surveillance cohort (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.74-1.10, p = 0.29). Multivariable analysis showed that disease stage, chemoradiotherapy sequence, and response to chemoradiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for BM or OS. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, PCI reduces the risk for BM but does not substantially prolong OS compared with active surveillance. A phase 3, prospective clinical trial (NCT04829708) we initiated is currently underway, which is expected to corroborate our results.

Assessment of postpartum haemorrhage for placenta accreta: Is measurement of myometrium thickness and dark intraplacental bands using MRI helpful?

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the predictive values of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) myometrial thickness grading and dark intraplacental band (DIB) volumetry for blood loss in patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). METHODS: Images and clinical data were acquired from patients who underwent placenta MRI examinations and were diagnosed with PAS from March 2015 to January 2021. Two radiologists jointly diagnosed, processed, and analysed the MR images of each patient. The analysis included MRI-based determination of placental attachment, as well as myometrial thickness grading and DIB volumetry. The patients included in the study were divided into three groups according to the estimated blood loss volume: in the general blood loss (GBL) group, the estimated blood loss volume was < 1000 ml; in the massive blood loss (MBL) group, the estimated blood loss volume was ≥ 1000 ml and < 2000 ml; and in the extremely massive blood loss (ex-MBL) group, the estimated blood loss volume was ≥ 2000 ml. The categorical, normally distributed, and non-normally distributed data were respectively analysed by the Chi-square, single-factor analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively. The verification of correlation was completed by Spearman correlation analysis. The evaluation capabilities of indicators were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Among 75 patients, 25 were included in the GBL group, 26 in the MBL group, and 24 in the ex-MBL group. A significant negative correlation was observed between the grade of myometrial thickness and the estimated blood loss (P < 0.001, ρ = - 0.604). There was a significant positive correlation between the volume of the DIB and the estimated blood loss (P < 0.001, ρ = 0.653). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the two MRI features for predicting blood loss ≥ 2000 ml were 0.776 and 0.897, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The grading and volumetric MRI features, myometrial thickness, and volume of DIB, can be used as good prediction indicators of the risk of postpartum haemorrhage in patients with PAS.

Effect of visceral adipose tissue on the accuracy of preoperative T-staging of gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Due to the anatomical characteristics of the tumor and the specific variables of the patients, the accuracy of preoperative T-staging of gastric cancer needs to be further improved. This study investigated the effect of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) on the accuracy of clinical T-staging of gastric cancer. METHODS: The clinical data of 455 patients who underwent gastrectomy from January 2013 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Taking the postoperative pathological results as the reference standard, the patients were divided into accurate staging group and mistaken staging group according to the comparison of clinical T stage (cT) and pathological T stage (pT). The individual characteristics of the two groups were compared, including visceral fat content at L2/L3 level calculated on computed tomography, age, sex, tumor size, tumor location (cardia, stomach body, stomach antrum), and degree of differentiation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent factors affecting the accuracy of cT staging. RESULTS: Among the 455 patients, 355 patients (78.0 %) had accurate preoperative cT staging and 100 patients (22.0 %) had inaccurate preoperative cT staging. The average area of VAT in the accurate staging group was (129.8 ± 72.6) cm2 and that in the mistaken staging group was (74.6 ± 61.6) cm2 (P < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value of VAT was 97.8 cm2 calculated according to the Yoden index. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that VAT, tumor location and tumor size were independent predictors of cT accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with lower visceral fat content (<97.8 cm2) based on L2/L3 level had a higher risk of false staging in preoperative clinical T staging.

Synthesis of CoFe2O4/Peanut Shell Powder Composites and the Associated Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction of Phenoxy Carboxylic Acid Herbicides in Water.

The magnetic biochar material CoFe2O4/PCPS (peanut shell powder) was prepared based on the hybrid calcination method. The properties of prepared composites and the extraction effect of magnetic solid phase extraction on phenoxy carboxylic acid herbicides were assessed. The morphology, crystal structure, specific surface area, and pore size distribution of the material were analysed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), infrared Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 absorption surface analysis (BET). The results of the magnetic solid phase extraction of a variety of phenoxy carboxylic acid herbicides in water using CoFe2O4/PCPS composites showed that, when the mass ratio of CoFe2O4 and PCPS was 1:1, 40 mg of the composite was used, and the adsorption time was 10 min at pH 8.50. Methanol was used as the eluent, and the recovery rates of the three phenoxy carboxylic acid herbicides were maintained at 81.95-99.07%. Furthermore, the actual water sample analysis results showed that the established method had good accuracy, stability, and reliability.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy associations with clinicopathologic features of estrogen-dependent endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND: We studied the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) associations with clinicopathologic features of estrogen-dependent endometrial cancer (type I EC). METHODS: Totally 45 patients with type I EC who underwent preoperative multi-voxel MRS at 3.0 T were enrolled. The mean ratio of the Cho peak integral to the unsuppressed water peak integral (Cho/water) of the tumor was calculated. The Cho/water and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of type I EC with and without local invasion, as well as with different levels of Ki-67 staining index (SI) (≤ 40% and > 40%), were compared. Correlation test was used to examine the relationship of Cho/water, as well as mean ADC, with Ki-67 SI, tumor stage, and tumor grade. RESULTS: The mean Cho/water of EC with Ki-67 SI ≤ 40% (2.28 ± 0.93) × 10-3 was lower than that with Ki-67 SI > 40% (4.08 ± 1.00) × 10-3 (P < 0.001). The mean Cho/water of EC with deep and superficial myometrial invasion was (3.41 ± 1.26) × 10-3 and (2.43 ± 1.11) × 10-3, respectively (P = 0.011). There was no significant difference in Cho/water between type I EC with and without cervical invasioin ([2.68 ± 1.00] × 10-3 and [2.77 ± 1.28] × 10-3, P = 0.866). The mean Cho/water of type I EC with and without lymph node metastasis was (4.02 ± 1.90) × 10-3 and (2.60 ± 1.06) × 10-3, respectively (P = 0.014). The Cho/water was positively correlated with the Ki-67 SI (r = 0.701, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in ADC among groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: MRS is helpful for preoperative assessment of clinicopathological features of type I EC.

Computed tomography-based radiomics nomogram model for predicting adherent perinephric fat.

Aims: We investigated the predictive value of a computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics nomogram model for adherent perinephric fat (APF). Materials and Methods: The data of 220 renal carcinoma patients were collected retrospectively. Patients were divided into training (n = 153) and validation cohorts (n = 67). Radiomics features were extracted from plain CT scans, while radscore was generated by a linear combination of selected radiomics features and their weighting coefficients. Univariate logistic regression was used to screen clinical risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression combined with radscore was used to screen final predictors to construct a radiomics nomogram model. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive performance of models. Results: Thirteen radiomics features associated with APF achieved a good predictive effect. The overall area under the curve (AUC) of the radscore model was 0.966, and that of the training and validation cohorts was 0.969 and 0.956, respectively. Gender, age, hypertension, size, perinephric fat thickness, Mayo Adhesive Probability score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic inflammation response index, and systemic immune-inflammation index were risk factors for APF (P < 0.05). The overall AUC of the radiomics nomogram model based on radiomics features and clinical factors, the training, and validation cohorts was 0.981, 0.997, and 0.949, respectively. Both models had high diagnostic efficiency. However, their differential diagnostic accuracy was higher than that of the clinical model. Additionally, the radiomics nomogram model had higher AUC and specificity. Conclusions: The radiomics nomogram model is a prediction tool based on radiomics features and clinical risk factors and has high prediction ability and clinical application value for APF.

A MRI-based radiomics nomogram for evaluation of renal function in ADPKD.

OBJECTIVES: This study is aimed to establish a fusion model of radiomics-based nomogram to predict the renal function of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). METHODS: One hundred patients with ADPKD were randomly divided into training group (n = 69) and test group (n = 31). The radiomics features were extracted from T1-weighted fat suppression images (FS-T1WI) and T2-weighted fat suppression images (FS-T2WI). Decision tree algorithm was employed to build radiomics model to get radiomics signature. Then multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to establish the radiomics nomogram based on independent clinical factors, conventional MR imaging variables and radiomics signature. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Delong test were used to compare the performance of radiomics model and radiomics nomogram model, and the decision curve to evaluate the clinical application value of radiomics nomogram model in the evaluation of renal function in patients with ADPKD. RESULTS: Fourteen radiomics features were selected to establish radiomics model. Based on FS-T1WI and FS-T2WI sequences, the radiomics model showed good discrimination ability in training group and test group [training group: (AUC) = 0.7542, test group (AUC) = 0.7417]. The performance of radiomics nomogram model was significantly better than that of radiomics model in all data sets [radiomics model (AUC) = 0.7505, radiomics nomogram model (AUC) = 0.8435, p value = 0.005]. The analysis of calibration curve and decision curve showed that radiomics nomogram model had more clinical application value. CONCLUSION: radiomics analysis of MRI can be used for the preliminary evaluation and prediction of renal function in patients with ADPKD. The radiomics nomogram model shows better prediction effect in renal function evaluation, and can be used as a non-invasive renal function prediction tool to assist clinical decision-making. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100046739. Registered 27 May 2021-retrospectively registered, http://www.ChiCTR.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=125955.