RESUMO
The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is central to the cell response to stress, inflammatory signals, and toxins. While selective inhibitors are known for JNKs and for various upstream MAP3Ks, no selective inhibitor is reported for MKK7--one of two direct MAP2Ks that activate JNK. Here, using covalent virtual screening, we identify selective MKK7 covalent inhibitors. We optimized these compounds to low-micromolar inhibitors of JNK phosphorylation in cells. The crystal structure of a lead compound bound to MKK7 demonstrated that the binding mode was correctly predicted by docking. We asserted the selectivity of our inhibitors on a proteomic level and against a panel of 76 kinases, and validated an on-target effect using knockout cell lines. Lastly, we show that the inhibitors block activation of primary mouse B cells by lipopolysaccharide. These MKK7 tool compounds will enable better investigation of JNK signaling and may serve as starting points for therapeutics.
Assuntos
MAP Quinase Quinase 7/antagonistas & inibidores , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Células 3T3 , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HEK293 , Humanos , MAP Quinase Quinase 7/genética , MAP Quinase Quinase 7/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/químicaRESUMO
At the discovery stage, it is important to understand the drug design concepts for a CNS drug compared to those for a non-CNS drug. Previously, we published on ideal CNS drug property space and defined in detail the physicochemical property distribution of CNS versus non-CNS oral drugs, the application of radar charting (a graphical representation of multiple physicochemical properties used during CNS lead optimization), and a recursive partition classification tree to differentiate between CNS- and non-CNS drugs. The objective of the present study was to further understand the differentiation of physicochemical properties between CNS and non-CNS oral drugs by the development and application of a new CNS scoring scheme: Technically Extended MultiParameter Optimization (TEMPO). In this multiparameter method, we identified eight key physicochemical properties critical for accurately assessing CNS druggability: (1) number of basic amines, (2) carbon-heteroatom (non-carbon, non-hydrogen) ratio, (3) number of aromatic rings, (4) number of chains, (5) number of rotatable bonds, (6) number of H-acceptors, (7) computed octanol/water partition coefficient (AlogP), and (8) number of nonconjugated C atoms in nonaromatic rings. Significant features of the CNS-TEMPO penalty score are the extension of the multiparameter approach to generate an accurate weight factor for each physicochemical property, the use of limits on both sides of the computed property space range during the penalty calculation, and the classification of CNS and non-CNS drug scores. CNS-TEMPO significantly outperformed CNS-MPO and the Schrödinger QikProp CNS parameter (QP_CNS) in evaluating CNS drugs and has been extensively applied in support of CNS lead optimization programs.
Assuntos
Fármacos do Sistema Nervoso Central/química , Fármacos do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos dos fármacos , Desenho de Fármacos , Modelos Químicos , Animais , Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Fenômenos Químicos , Bases de Dados de Compostos Químicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Monitorização FisiológicaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Elevated lipogenesis has been associated with a variety of diseases including obesity, cancer and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fatty acid synthase (FASN) plays a pivotal role in de novo lipogenesis, making this multi-catalytic protein an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Recently, the first FASN inhibitor successfully advanced through the drug development process and entered clinical evaluation in oncology. Areas covered: This review discusses the biological roles of FASN in three prominent disease areas: cancer, obesity-related disorders and NAFLD. Recent advances in drug discovery strategies and design of newer FASN inhibitors are also highlighted. Expert opinion: Despite the abundance of evidence linking the lipogenic pathway to cancer, progression of FASN-targeted molecules has been rather slow and challenging and no compounds have moved past the preclinical phase. The landscape has recently changed with the recent advancement of the first FASN inhibitor into clinical evaluation for solid tumors. Needless to say, the successful translation into the clinical setting will open opportunities for expanding the therapeutic utility of FASN inhibitors not just in oncology but in other diseases associated with elevated lipogenesis such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Ácido Graxo Sintases/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Lipogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
CEP-32215 is a new, potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inverse agonist of the histamine H3 receptor (H3R) with drug-like properties. High affinity in human (hH3R Ki = 2.0 ± 0.2 nM) and rat (rH3R Ki = 3.6 ± 0.7 nM) H3R radioligand binding assays was demonstrated. Potent functional antagonism (Kb = 0.3 ± 0.1 nM) and inverse agonism (EC50 = 0.6 ± 0.2 nM) were demonstrated in [(35)S]guanosine 5(')-O-(γ-thio)-triphosphate binding assays. Oral bioavailability and dose-related exposure was consistent among rat, dog, and monkey. After oral dosing, occupancy of H3R by CEP-32215 was estimated by the inhibition of ex vivo binding in rat cortical slices (ED50 = 0.1 mg/kg p.o.). Functional antagonism in brain was demonstrated by the inhibition of R-α-methylhistamine-induced drinking in the rat dipsogenia model (ED50 = 0.92 mg/kg). CEP-32215 significantly increased wake duration in the rat EEG model at 3-30 mg/kg p.o. Increased motor activity, sleep rebound or undesirable events (such as spike wave or seizure activity) was not observed following doses up to 100 mg/kg p.o., indicating an acceptable therapeutic index. CEP-32215 may have potential utility in the treatment of a variety of sleep disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Histamine Receptors'.
Assuntos
Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacologia , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Pirazinas/farmacologia , Compostos de Espiro/farmacologia , Vigília/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cães , Ingestão de Líquidos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ingestão de Líquidos/fisiologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacocinética , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Masculino , Metilistaminas/farmacologia , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Pirazinas/farmacocinética , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Sono/efeitos dos fármacos , Sono/fisiologia , Compostos de Espiro/farmacocinética , Vigília/fisiologiaRESUMO
A novel series of 3,4-diaza-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-4-en-2-ones were designed and synthesized as H3R analogs of irdabisant 6. Separation of the isomers, assignment of the stereochemistry by crystallography, and detailed profiling of diastereomers 25 and 26 led to the identification of (1R,6S)-5-{4-[3-((R)-2-methyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)propoxy]phenyl}-3,4-diaza-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-4-en-2-one 25 as a potential second generation H3R candidate. Diastereomer 25 had high H3R binding affinity, excellent selectivity, displayed potent H3R functional antagonism and robust wake-promoting activity in vivo, and showed acceptable pharmacokinetic and pharmaceutical profiles for potential further development.
Assuntos
Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/química , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Piridazinas/química , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Pirrolidinas/química , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Vigília/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Desenho de Fármacos , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Piridazinas/farmacocinética , Pirrolidinas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of fused cyclopropyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3-one (3,4-diaza-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-4-en-2-one) phenoxypiperidine analogs was designed and synthesized, leading to the identification of (1R,6S)-5-[4-(1-cyclobutyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-phenyl]-3,4-diaza-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-4-en-2-one (R,S-4a) as a second-generation pyridazin-3-one H3R antagonist. Compound R,S-4a was a potent H3R functional antagonist in vivo in the rat dipsogenia model, demonstrated potent wake activity in the rat EEG/EMG model, and enhanced short-term memory in the rat social recognition memory model at doses as low as 0.03-0.3 mg/kg po.
Assuntos
Nootrópicos/química , Piperidinas/química , Piridazinas/química , Receptores Histamínicos H3/química , Animais , Transtornos Cognitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cães , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Meia-Vida , Haplorrinos , Memória de Curto Prazo/efeitos dos fármacos , Nootrópicos/farmacocinética , Nootrópicos/farmacologia , Nootrópicos/uso terapêutico , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Piridazinas/farmacocinética , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Piridazinas/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A novel class of benzocinnolinones analogs of irdabisant were designed and synthesized as histamine H3R antagonists/inverse agonists. Modifications to the pyridazinone portion of the core and linker led to the identification of molecules with excellent target potency and selectivity with improved rat pharmacokinetic properties and reduced potential hERG liabilities.
Assuntos
Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/síntese química , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/síntese química , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H3/síntese química , Nootrópicos/síntese química , Piridazinas/síntese química , Pirrolidinas/síntese química , Receptores Histamínicos H3/química , Animais , Células CHO , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Cricetinae , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/farmacologia , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Nootrópicos/farmacologia , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A novel series of 4-pyridazin-3-one and 5-pyridazin-3-one analogues were designed and synthesized as H(3)R antagonists. Structure-activity relationship revealed the 5-pyridazin-3-ones 8a and S-methyl 8b had excellent human and rat H(3)R affinities, and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties. In vivo evaluation of 8a showed potent activity in the rat dipsogenia model and robust wake-promoting activity in the rat EEG/EMG model.
Assuntos
Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/síntese química , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Propilaminas/farmacologia , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Animais , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/química , Humanos , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Propilaminas/síntese química , Propilaminas/química , Piridazinas/síntese química , Piridazinas/química , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Optimization of a series of aminomethyl ketone diamine H(3)R antagonists to reduce the brain exposure by lowering the pKa, led to molecules with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Compounds 9, 19, and 25 had high affinity for human H(3)R and demonstrated in vivo H(3)R functional activity in the rat dipsogenia model. Compound 9 displayed modest wake-promoting activity in the rat EEG/EMG model.
Assuntos
Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos , Cetonas/química , Vigília/efeitos dos fármacos , 1-Propanol/química , 1-Propanol/farmacologia , Animais , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/química , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Humanos , Cetonas/farmacologia , Metilaminas/química , Metilaminas/farmacologia , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Pirrolidinas/química , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Transtornos do Sono do Ritmo Circadiano/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
A novel class of 1'-cyclobutyl-6-(4-piperidyloxy)spiro[benzopyran-2,4'-piperidine] derivatives with low nanomolar affinity for the human and rat histamine-3 receptors (H(3)Rs) are described. The spirobenzopyran piperidine ether analogs demonstrated excellent H(3)R affinity and selectivity against histamine receptor subtypes (H(1)R, H(2)R, and H(4)R), were stable in liver microsomes, and had selectivity against CYP P450 enzymes. Compounds 10, 13, 15, and 16 demonstrated high H(3)R affinity, in vitro liver microsomal stability, selectivity against CYP isoforms, moreover, these ether analogs exhibited acceptable iv pharmacokinetic (PK) properties but had poor oral exposure in rat.
Assuntos
Benzopiranos/síntese química , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/síntese química , Piperidinas/síntese química , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Compostos de Espiro/síntese química , Administração Oral , Animais , Benzopiranos/farmacocinética , Benzopiranos/farmacologia , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacocinética , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Compostos de Espiro/farmacocinética , Compostos de Espiro/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Structure-activity relationships for a series of phenoxypiperidine pyridazin-3-one H(3)R antagonists/inverse agonists are disclosed. The search for compounds with improved hERG and DAT selectivity without the formation of in vivo active metabolites identified 6-[4-(1-cyclobutyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-phenyl]-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 17b. Compound 17b met discovery flow criteria, demonstrated potent H(3)R functional antagonism in vivo in the rat dipsogenia model and potent wake activity in the rat EEG/EMG model at doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg ip.
Assuntos
Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/química , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Piperidinas/química , Piridazinas/química , Receptores Histamínicos H3 , Vigília/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Piridazinas/farmacologia , RatosRESUMO
The central nervous system (CNS) is the major area that is affected by aging. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), brain cancer, and stroke are the CNS diseases that will cost trillions of dollars for their treatment. Achievement of appropriate blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration is often considered a significant hurdle in the CNS drug discovery process. On the other hand, BBB penetration may be a liability for many of the non-CNS drug targets, and a clear understanding of the physicochemical and structural differences between CNS and non-CNS drugs may assist both research areas. Because of the numerous and challenging issues in CNS drug discovery and the low success rates, pharmaceutical companies are beginning to deprioritize their drug discovery efforts in the CNS arena. Prompted by these challenges and to aid in the design of high-quality, efficacious CNS compounds, we analyzed the physicochemical property and the chemical structural profiles of 317 CNS and 626 non-CNS oral drugs. The conclusions derived provide an ideal property profile for lead selection and the property modification strategy during the lead optimization process. A list of substructural units that may be useful for CNS drug design was also provided here. A classification tree was also developed to differentiate between CNS drugs and non-CNS oral drugs. The combined analysis provided the following guidelines for designing high-quality CNS drugs: (i) topological molecular polar surface area of <76 Å(2) (25-60 Å(2)), (ii) at least one (one or two, including one aliphatic amine) nitrogen, (iii) fewer than seven (two to four) linear chains outside of rings, (iv) fewer than three (zero or one) polar hydrogen atoms, (v) volume of 740-970 Å(3), (vi) solvent accessible surface area of 460-580 Å(2), and (vii) positive QikProp parameter CNS. The ranges within parentheses may be used during lead optimization. One violation to this proposed profile may be acceptable. The chemoinformatics approaches for graphically analyzing multiple properties efficiently are presented.
RESUMO
CEP-26401 [irdabisant; 6-{4-[3-((R)-2-methyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2H-pyridazin-3-one HCl] is a novel, potent histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonist/inverse agonist with drug-like properties. High affinity of CEP-26401 for H3R was demonstrated in radioligand binding displacement assays in rat brain membranes (K(i) = 2.7 ± 0.3 nM) and recombinant rat and human H3R-expressing systems (K(i) = 7.2 ± 0.4 and 2.0 ± 1.0 nM, respectively). CEP-26401 displayed potent antagonist and inverse agonist activities in [³5S]guanosine 5'-O-(γ-thio)triphosphate binding assays. After oral dosing of CEP-26401, occupancy of H3R was estimated by the inhibition of ex vivo binding in rat cortical slices (OCC50 = 0.1 ± 0.003 mg/kg), and antagonism of the H3R agonist R-α-methylhistamine- induced drinking response in the rat dipsogenia model was demonstrated in a similar dose range (ED50 = 0.06 mg/kg). CEP-26401 improved performance in the rat social recognition model of short-term memory at doses of 0.01 to 0.1 mg/kg p.o. and was wake-promoting at 3 to 30 mg/kg p.o. In DBA/2NCrl mice, CEP-26401 at 10 and 30 mg/kg i.p. increased prepulse inhibition (PPI), whereas the antipsychotic risperidone was effective at 0.3 and 1 mg/kg i.p. Coadministration of CEP-26401 and risperidone at subefficacious doses (3 and 0.1 mg/kg i.p., respectively) increased PPI. These results demonstrate potent behavioral effects of CEP-26401 in rodent models and suggest that this novel H3R antagonist may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of cognitive and attentional disorders. CEP-26401 may also have therapeutic utility in treating schizophrenia or as adjunctive therapy to approved antipsychotics.
Assuntos
Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacologia , Nootrópicos , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Vigília/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Autorradiografia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , DNA Complementar/biossíntese , DNA Complementar/genética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ingestão de Líquidos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletroencefalografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Guanosina 5'-O-(3-Tiotrifosfato)/metabolismo , Masculino , Memória de Curto Prazo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaio Radioligante , Ratos , Ratos Long-Evans , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reconhecimento Psicológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Reflexo de Sobressalto/efeitos dos fármacos , Sono/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento SocialRESUMO
Previous studies have shown that (5-{4-[3-(R)-2-methylpyrrolin-1-yl-propoxy]phenyl}-2H-pyridazin-3-one) 2 had high affinity for both the human (hH(3)R K(i) = 2.8 nM) and rat H(3)Rs (rH(3)R K(i) = 8.5 nM) but displayed low oral bioavailability in the rat. Optimization of the 5-pyridazin-3-one R(2) and R(6) positions to improve the pharmacokinetic properties over 2 led to the identification of 5-{4-[3-(R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)propoxy]phenyl}-2-pyridin-2-yl-2H-pyridazin-3-one 29. Compound 29 displayed high affinity for both human and rat H(3)Rs (hH(3)R K(i) = 1.7 nM, rH(3)R K(i) = 3.7 nM) with a greater than 1000-fold selectivity over the other histamine receptor subtypes and favorable pharmacokinetic properties across species (F = 78% rat, 92% dog, 96% monkey). It showed low binding to human plasma proteins, weakly inhibited cytochrome P450 isoforms, and displayed an excellent safety profile for a CNS-active compound. 29 displayed potent H(3)R antagonist activity in the brain in a rat dipsogenia model and demonstrated enhancement of cognitive function in a rat social recognition model at low doses. However, the development of compound 29 was discontinued because of genotoxicity.
Assuntos
Nootrópicos/síntese química , Propilaminas/síntese química , Piridazinas/síntese química , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Animais , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Cães , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/síntese química , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacocinética , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H3/síntese química , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacocinética , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacologia , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Masculino , Memória de Curto Prazo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Nootrópicos/farmacocinética , Nootrópicos/farmacologia , Propilaminas/farmacocinética , Propilaminas/farmacologia , Piridazinas/farmacocinética , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Ensaio Radioligante , Ratos , Ratos Long-Evans , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reconhecimento Psicológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sede/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
H(3)R structure-activity relationships for a new class of 4,5-dihydropyridazin-3-one H(3)R antagonists/inverse agonists are disclosed. Modification of the 4,5-dihydropyridazinone moiety to block in vivo metabolism identified 4,4-dimethyl-6-{4-[3-((R)-2-methyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-propoxy]-phenyl}-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 22 as a lead candidate demonstrating potent in vivo functional H(3)R antagonism in the rat dipsogenia model and robust wake promoting activity in the rat EEG/EMG model.
Assuntos
Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/síntese química , Piridazinas/química , Receptores Histamínicos H3/química , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Desenho de Fármacos , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Eletromiografia/métodos , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Cinética , Modelos Químicos , Piridazinas/síntese química , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A novel class of 4-alkoxy-[1'-cyclobutyl-spiro(3,4-dihydrobenzopyran-2,4'-piperidine)] analogues were designed and synthesized as H(3)R antagonists. Structure-activity relationship identified sulfone 27 with excellent H(3)R affinities in both humans and rats, and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties. Further, compound 28 achieved single digit nanomolar H(3)R affinities in both species with minimum hERG activity.
Assuntos
Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/química , Piperidinas/química , Receptores Histamínicos H3/química , Compostos de Espiro/síntese química , Animais , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Desenho de Fármacos , Interações Medicamentosas , Canal de Potássio ERG1 , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/antagonistas & inibidores , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Cinética , Fígado/metabolismo , Camundongos , Modelos Químicos , Ratos , Compostos de Espiro/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A substantial body of evidence supports the utility of antiangiogenesis inhibitors as a strategy to block or attenuate tumor-induced angiogenesis and inhibition of primary and metastatic tumor growth in a variety of solid and hematopoietic tumors. Given the requirement of tumors for different cytokine and growth factors at distinct stages of their growth and dissemination, optimal antiangiogenic therapy necessitates inhibition of multiple, complementary, and nonredundant angiogenic targets. 11-(2-Methylpropyl)-12,13-dihydro-2-methyl-8-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-4H-indazolo[5,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-4-one (11b, CEP-11981) is a potent orally active inhibitor of multiple targets (TIE-2, VEGF-R1, 2, and 3, and FGF-R1) having essential and nonredundant roles in tumor angiogenesis and vascular maintenance. Outlined in this article are the design strategy, synthesis, and biochemical and pharmacological profile for 11b, which completed Phase I clinical assessing safety and pharmacokinetics allowing for the initiation of proof of concept studies.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/síntese química , Carbazóis/síntese química , Indazóis/síntese química , Receptor TIE-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacocinética , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Carbazóis/farmacocinética , Carbazóis/farmacologia , Humanos , Indazóis/farmacocinética , Indazóis/farmacologia , Macaca fascicularis , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Modelos Moleculares , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptor Tipo 1 de Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor TIE-2/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/química , Receptor 3 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Optimization of the R(2) and R(6) positions of (5-{4-[3-(R)-2-methylpyrrolin-1-yl-propoxy]phenyl}-2H-pyridazin-3-one) 2a with constrained phenoxypiperidines led to the identification of 5-[4-(cyclobutyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-phenyl]-6-methyl-2H-pyridazin-3-one 8b as a potent, selective histamine H(3) receptor antagonist with favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Compound 8b had an excellent safety genotoxocity profile for a CNS-active compound in the Ames and micronucleus tests, also displayed potent H(3)R antagonist activity in the brain in the rat dipsogenia model and robust wake activity in the rat EEG/EMG model.
Assuntos
Piperidinas/farmacologia , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Receptores Histamínicos H3/química , Animais , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Piperidinas/síntese química , Piperidinas/química , Piridazinas/síntese química , Piridazinas/química , Ratos , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Methods are presented to tritiate and characterize radioligand (3).
Assuntos
Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Receptores Histamínicos H3/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por ElectrosprayRESUMO
6-{4-[3-(R)-2-Methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)propoxy]-phenyl}-2H-pyridazin-3-one 6 (Irdabisant; CEP-26401) was recently reported as a potent H(3)R antagonist with excellent drug-like properties and in vivo activity that advanced into clinical evaluation. A series of pyridone analogs of 6 was synthesized and evaluated as H(3)R antagonists. Structure-activity relationships revealed that the 5-pyridone regiomer was optimal for H(3)R affinity. N-Methyl 9b showed excellent H(3)R affinity, acceptable pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutical properties. In vivo evaluation of 9b showed potent activity in the rat dipsogenia model and robust wake-promoting activity in the rat EEG model.