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BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder neoplasms constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse clinical behaviors and outcomes. Understanding the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and the prognostic significance of molecular biomarkers in bladder cancer is vital for personalized treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This prospective observational study aimed to comprehensively investigate the clinicopathological correlations and prognostic significance of molecular biomarkers in urinary bladder neoplasms. METHODS: A cohort of 174 patients diagnosed with urinary bladder neoplasm participated in this study. Clinicopathological data, including demographic information, medical history, imaging findings, and histopathological reports, were collected from the patient records. Tissue samples obtained from transurethral resection or biopsy were subjected to molecular biomarker analysis using immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and molecular profiling techniques. Longitudinal follow-up assessments were conducted to monitor disease progression, recurrence, and overall survival. RESULT: Out of 174 patients diagnosed with bladder neoplasms, the mean age of the patients was 62.4 years (±8.7), indicating that the study cohort primarily comprised elderly individuals. The majority of patients were male (126, 72.4%), reflecting the higher prevalence of bladder cancer among men compared to women. Preliminary analysis revealed significant associations between clinicopathological parameters, molecular biomarker expression profiles, and clinical outcomes in patients with urinary bladder neoplasms. Elevated expression levels of specific biomarkers such as tumor protein p53 (p53), Ki-67, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) were observed in advanced tumor stages (p < 0.001) and higher histological grades (p < 0.05), indicating their potential prognostic significance. Furthermore, genetic alterations detected using molecular profiling techniques, including chromosomal gains and losses, were significantly correlated with aggressive disease phenotypes and increased recurrence risk (p < 0.01). Longitudinal follow-up data demonstrated that patients with elevated biomarker expression levels or genetic alterations had poorer treatment responses and shorter overall survival durations than those with lower biomarker expression levels. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of integrating clinicopathological parameters and molecular biomarker data for the risk stratification, treatment selection, and prognostic assessment of urinary bladder neoplasms.
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BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Serum biomarkers, such as cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), have shown promise in aiding the diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian lesions. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the utility of serum CA-125 levels as a biomarker for ovarian lesions, correlating with histopathological diagnosis and clinical outcomes. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted, enrolling 144 female patients presenting with suspected ovarian lesions at a hospital or clinic. Demographic data, physical examination findings, imaging results, and serum CA-125 levels were collected at baseline. Patients underwent laparoscopic or surgical intervention for tissue biopsy or resection, and a histopathological examination was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Clinical outcomes, including response to treatment and disease recurrence, were monitored during follow-up visits. RESULTS: The baseline characteristics of the study population showed significant differences between participants with and without ovarian lesions. Older age (mean age 54.8 vs. 45.6) years; p < 0.001) and higher serum CA-125 levels (65.9 vs. 28.6 U/mL, p < 0.001) were associated with ovarian pathology. Histopathological analysis revealed benign cystadenoma as the most prevalent subtype (31.8%), followed by serous carcinoma (27.3%) and borderline tumors (22.7%). Clinical outcomes indicated favorable treatment responses in most patients, with 77.3% achieving complete remission and 15.9% experiencing recurrence. However, elevated CA-125 levels were significantly associated with poorer treatment response (p < 0.001) and higher rates of recurrence, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker for ovarian lesions. CONCLUSION: Serum CA-125 levels serve as a valuable biomarker for ovarian lesions, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian cancer. However, its utility is limited by its lack of specificity, particularly in differentiating between benign and malignant ovarian lesions. Integrating CA-125 with other clinical parameters and imaging modalities may enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient outcomes in ovarian cancer management.
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Objective: Primary brain injuries, which are the result of severe head trauma and cannot be prevented, are always catastrophic and fatal. Yet, if diagnostic and therapeutic steps are taken promptly after a craniocerebral injury, further brain insults may be prevented and the victim's death can be avoided within 24 hours. Materials and Methods: Source of data, sample size, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, statistical methods. Results: One hundred individuals with confirmed cumputer tomography (CT) scan results of severe head trauma participated in this analysis. Seventy men and thirty women accounted for the total number of patients. The research included 70% men and 30% women. The M/F ratio is 2.3:1. Males between the ages of 21 and 30 (a total of 21 patients) had the highest rate of head injury in our analysis. Males had a lower incidence overall, with nine cases in the 0-10 age range, 11 cases in the 11-20 age range, five cases in the 41-50 age range, three cases in the 51-60 age range, and four cases in patients older than 61. Similarly, eight of the female patients were in the 21-30 age range. There were also four patients between the ages of 0 and 10, four between the ages of 11 and 20, two between the ages of 41 and 50, five between the ages of 51 and 60, and three among those older than 61. Summary and Conclusion: Men were more likely than women to sustain a head injury. The majority of the study population consisted of patients between the ages of 21 and 30 and 31 and 40. Injuries were found to most often occur in car crashes.