Preoperative planning of compact zone trajectory is necessary in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with endplate involvement: A prospective randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: This prospective randomized controlled study compares the clinical and radiological outcomes between reduction methods with or without compact trabecular bone during percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral fractures. METHODS: The cohort of 100 patients who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty was randomly divided into group A (guide pin and balloon introduced directly into fracture site) and group B (guide pin and balloon inserted away fracture site). The surgery duration, clinical and radiological outcomes postoperatively and at follow-up, and complications of cement leakage and adjacent fracture were recorded. Patients were followed up for an average of 20.18 months. The clinical outcomes were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index and visual analog scale. RESULTS: The two groups had similar patient demographics, surgery times, and volume of cement injected. The method using elevation of the collapsed endplate indirectly had no significant influence on radiological outcomes but significantly decreased the occurrence of intradiscal cement leakage and improved 1- and 12-month postoperative functional outcomes. CONCLUSION: Elevating and reinforcing the collapsed endplate rather than just filling the defect during percutaneous kyphoplasty is safe and effective. This technique decreased pain and improved function with lower rates of further collapse of the osteoporotic vertebrae compared to defect-filling alone.

Preoperative Planning of the Lateral Entry Point Is Necessary in Percutaneous L5 Vertebroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To compare treatment outcomes and complications between the computer-assisted preoperative planning of lateral entry approach and the traditional approach for L5 percutaneous vertebroplasty. METHODS: In this prospective randomized clinical study performed from January 2008 to December 2014, 68 patients scheduled for L5 percutaneous vertebroplasty were divided at random into group A, in which the traditional transpedicle approach was used, and group B, in which the computer-assisted lateral entry point approach was used. A visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the latest follow-up. RESULTS: Patient demographics were similar in the 2 groups. The mean duration of follow-up was 65 months. The mean distance between the entry point and the midline was 3.05 ± 0.5 cm in group A and 7.04 ± 0.7 cm in group B. The mean inclination angle measured on the preoperative axial image was 17.1 ± 3.4° in group A and 41 ± 3.8° in group B. Clinical outcomes were comparable in the 2 groups; however, cement leakage was significantly greater in group A (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Owing to the hemispherical morphology and convergent pedicle axis of the L5 vertebrae, a more lateral skin entry point and convergent angle of the puncture needle should be emphasized to reach the optimal point according to the preoperative assessment. The approach involving computer-assisted preoperative planning of the lateral entry point was associated with a higher rate of bilateral cement infiltration with fewer complications.

Is a drain tube necessary for minimally invasive lumbar spine fusion surgery?

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate if closed suction wound drainage is necessary in minimally invasive surgery of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF). METHODS: This is a prospective randomized clinical study. Fifty-six patients who underwent MIS TLIF were randomly divided into groups A (with a closed suction wound drainage) and B (without tube drainage). Surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, timing of ambulation, length of hospital stay and complications were recorded. Patients were followed up for an average of 25.3 months. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Oswestry disability index and visual analogue scale (VAS). Fusion rate was classified with the Bridwell grading system, based on plain radiograph. RESULTS: Both groups had similar patient demographics. The use of drains had no significant influence on perioperative parameters including operative time, estimated blood loss, length of stay and complications. Patients in group B started ambulation 1 day earlier than patients in group A (p < 0.001). Clinical outcomes were comparable between group A and group B. CONCLUSION: A drain tube can lead to pain, anxiety and discomfort during the postoperative period. We conclude that drain tubes are not necessary for MIS TLIF. Patients without drains had the benefit of earlier ambulation than those with drains.