Corrigendum: Probiotic supplementation and systemic inflammation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.901846.].

Probiotic supplementation and systemic inflammation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease in which demyelination occurs in the central nervous system affecting approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. Intestinal microbiome changes play an important role in the etiology of chronic diseases. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation on systemic inflammation in patients with MS. Methods: A 12-week double-blind clinical trial study was designed and seventy patients with MS were randomly divided into two groups receiving probiotics and placebo. Patients in the intervention group received two capsules containing multi-strain probiotics daily and patients in the control group received the same amount of placebo. Factors associated with systemic inflammation were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. Results: Sixty-five patients were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of baseline variables except for the duration of the disease (P > 0.05). At the end of the study, probiotic supplementation compared to the placebo caused a significant reduction in the serum levels of CRP (-0.93 ± 1.62 vs. 0.05 ± 1.74, P = 0.03), TNF-α (-2.09 ± 1.88 vs. 0.48 ± 2.53, P = 0.015) and IFN-γ (-13.18 ± 7.33 vs. -1.93 ± 5.99, P < 0.001). Also, we found a significant increase in the FOXP3 and TGF-ß levels in the intervention group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study showed that supplementation with probiotics can have beneficial effects on serum levels of some factors associated with systemic inflammation. Clinical trial registration: [http://www.irct.ir], identifier [IRCT20181210041 918N1].

Effects of long-term administration of Multi-Strain Probiotic on circulating levels of BDNF, NGF, IL-6 and mental health in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Mental disorders is one of the main causes of disability and lower life expectancy among patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The present trial aimed to examine the efficacy of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on circulating levels of BDNF, NGF, IL-6 and mental health in patients with MS.Methods: This trial was conducted among 70 patients with MS that referred to the MS Association. Patients were randomized into intervention and control groups to receive 2 multi-strain probiotic capsules or placebo, daily for six months. Serum BDNF, NGF and IL-6 was measured by ELISA kits. Mental health parameters were assessed by valid questionnaires in the baseline and end of the study.Results: Of the 70 patients enrolled in this study, 65 subjects were included in the final analysis. From baseline to 6 months, probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant increase in BDNF and a significant reduction in the IL-6 levels (P < 0.001). Our findings revealed that probiotic supplementation compared to placebo caused a significant improvement in the general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) (-5.31 ± 4.62 vs. -1.81 ± 4.23; P = 0.002), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) (-4.81 ± 0.79 vs. -1.90 ± 0.96; P = 0.001), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) (-3.81 ± 6.56 vs. 0.24 ± 5.44; P = 0.007) and Pain Rating Index (PRI) (-3.15 ± 4.51 vs. -0.09 ± 3.67; P = 0.004). However, we not found any significant difference between the two groups in other factors (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Overall, six months of probiotic supplementation resulted in greater improvement in mental health parameters.

The effect of turmeric on lipid profile, malondialdehyde, liver echogenicity and enzymes among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized double blind clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of liver transaminases elevation and a global health concern. PURPOSE: This study designed to evaluate the effects of turmeric rhizomes (Curcumalonga Linn.) on liver enzymes, Lipid profiles and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with NAFLD. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. METHODS: 64 cases of NAFLD randomly assigned to receive either turmeric (2 gr/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. The changes of liver transaminases, lipid profiles and MDA were measured before and after study period and compared between two groups (IRCT 2015092924262N1). RESULTS: At the end of the study, the Turmeric group showed a significant reduction in liver enzymes (AST before 26.81 ± 10.54 after 21.19 ± 5.67, P = 0.044, ALT before 39.56 ± 22.41, after 30.51 ± 12.61, P = 0.043 and GGT before33.81 ± 17.50, after 25.62 ± 9.88, P = 0.046) compared with the placebo group. The serum levels of triglycerides, LDL, HDL and MDA had also a significant decrease among turmeric group as compared to baseline while there was no significant change in placebo group (P < 0.05). The serum cholesterol, VLDL level and sonographic grades of NAFLD had not any significant change in both groups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion this study suggests that daily consumption of turmeric (and its active phenolic ingredients as curcumin) supplementation could be effective in management of NAFLD and decreasing serum level of liver transaminases.

The Impact of Green Tea Supplementation on Anthropometric Indices and Inflammatory Cytokines in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

The present study aimed to determine the effect of a green tea supplement on anthropometric indices and inflammatory factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this randomized clinical trial, 45 women with PCOS were randomly allocated into two groups receiving green tea tablets or placebo. The period of intervention was 45 days. The serum levels of interleukin 6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor α were measured before and after intervention period using the related kits. Anthropometric indices also were measured. The mean of body mass index, weight, waist circumference, and body fat percentage in the green tea group were reduced significantly. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Also, there was no significant effect on the levels of inflammatory factors. The present results suggest that daily consumption of green tea tablets did not cause any effect on inflammation biomarkers in PCOS women. However, it may be effective as a complementary treatment for weight control in these women. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Supplementation of soy isoflavones improved sex hormones, blood pressure, and postmenopausal symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: The present study is aimed at determining the effect of supplementing the diet of postmenopausal women with soy isoflavones on blood pressure and hormonal levels and providing relief from symptoms. METHOD: This research was conducted in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. In this double-blind experimental controlled study, 61 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (soy isoflvone, n = 30) or control group (placebo, n = 31). The subjects in the experimental group were given a supplementation of 33 g of soy in the form of biscuits that contained approximately 54 mg isoflavones for a period of 8 weeks. RESULTS: Soy isoflavones supplementation made a significant difference in the severity and intensity of symptoms as determined by the Kuppermann index. On supplementation with soy the intensity of symptoms among the subjects decreased significantly and the mean total score from 26.8% at pre phase decreased to 9.38% at post phase (p < 0.001). In the present study, the level of follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the experimental group decreased after intervention with soy. This reduction in FSH and LH was highly significant as tested by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA; p < 0.001). After intervention with soy, a slight reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was recorded in the experimental group, indicating the beneficial effect of soy isoflavones on regulating blood pressure. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that soy supplementation could be recommended as an alternative therapy to hormone replacement therapy for control of postmenopausal symptoms.