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A precarious complication of thyrotoxicosis, or thyroid storm, is the increased risk of cardiomyopathy, which leads to circulatory collapse and cardiopulmonary arrest. It is crucial to promptly identify this condition to prevent significant deterioration of the left ventricular function and cardiogenic shock. This article seeks to examine published research that emphasizes the connection between thyroid storm and beta-blocker usage in relation to cardiogenic collapse and provides management recommendations. The search was performed on September 9, 2022, using PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar libraries. A systematic exploration was carried out using the keywords Thyroid Storm AND cardiogenic Shock AND cardiac arrest AND beta blocker. The use of beta blockers as part of thyroid storm management was linked to the development of cardiogenic collapse and cardiac arrest. Ultra-short-acting beta-blockers like esmolol were a safer option than propranolol in treating patients with a thyrotoxic storm.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes various complications that significantly impact a patient's overall well-being and quality of life. Sleep disorders are a particularly common issue, especially in patients with advanced disease. This systematic review aims to explore the distinguishing features, prevalence rates, underlying causes, and associated factors related to the most frequent sleep disorders in these patients and present the latest treatment methods for them. It also investigates the link between CKD and sleep disorders and presents the results of the most common sleep disorders found in patients with CKD. Four major sleep disorders have been identified: sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, excessive drowsiness, and insomnia. These sleep disorders have been discovered to be highly common in CKD patients and have a major influence on their quality of life and morbidity.
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Internet gaming and social media usage (SMU), particularly among children and teenagers, have witnessed a remarkable surge over the past decade. However, it remains uncertain whether this widespread usage has a positive or negative impact. The primary objective of this systematic review was to investigate the diverse effects of excessive video game playing and extensive SMU, both favorable and detrimental, on the psychological and mental well-being of children and adolescents. To assess the influence of internet gaming disorder (IGD) and disordered SMU on the mental health of children aged 6-12 years and adolescents aged 13-18 years, we conducted a systematic review of 20 studies on the subject. These studies utilized a substantial sample size of 48,652 participants, encompassing online and in-person questionnaires administered to children, teenagers, and their parents in educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and online platforms. Our findings suggest that multiple factors contribute to the intricate relationship between SMU, video game playing, and mental health outcomes. The majority of research indicates that excessive gaming or SMU among children and teenagers leads to adverse consequences on their mental well-being. Furthermore, certain studies have even reported fatal consequences, while others have identified a worsening of preexisting mental health issues. A few studies have explored the potential positive impacts of SMU and gaming on individuals and society at large. In light of this, we have concluded that it is inappropriate to categorize internet gaming and SMU as solely beneficial or detrimental without considering the broader context and the interplay of various factors.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) present a significant global health challenge and remain a primary cause of death. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improved outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), particularly acute myocardial infarction (AMI) cases. Artificial intelligence (AI) can detect heart disease early by analyzing patient information and electrocardiogram (ECG) data, providing invaluable insights into this critical health issue. However, the imbalanced nature of ECG and patient data presents challenges for traditional machine learning (ML) algorithms in performing unbiasedly. Investigators have proposed various data-level and algorithm-level solutions to overcome these challenges. In this study, we used a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to give an overview of the current literature and to highlight the difficulties of utilizing ML, deep learning (DL), and AI algorithms in predicting, diagnosing, and prognosis of heart diseases. We reviewed 181 articles from reputable journals published between 2013 and June 15, 2023, focusing on eight selected papers for in-depth analysis. The analysis considered factors such as heart disease type, algorithms used, applications, and proposed solutions and compared the benefits of algorithms combined with clinicians versus clinicians alone. This systematic review revealed that the current ML-based diagnostic approaches face several open problems and issues when implementing ML, DL, and AI in real-life settings. Although these algorithms show higher sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies in detecting heart disease, we must address the ethical concerns while implementing these models into clinical practice. The transparency of how these algorithms operate remains a challenge. Nevertheless, further exploration and research in ML, DL, and AI are necessary to overcome these challenges and fully harness their potential to improve health outcomes for patients with AMI.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. It most commonly affects the genital areas, as well as the mouth and throat. Research has shown that HPV is a cause of cervical cancer and Chlamydia trachomatis is a potential cofactor in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). However, there have been limited cases reported on understanding this coinfection and its mechanism through the lens of molecular biology. We present a case of a 22-year-old female with complaints of persistent lesions on the labia for more than 6 months that have increased in number. Histopathology was suggestive of HPV. This case report emphasizes the importance of HPV and chlamydia coinfection as leading causes for persistence of condyloma acuminatum and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and the importance of screening and clinically managing vaginal HPV.
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Legionnaires' disease is a type of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria. This type of bacteria can be found anywhere across the world, mostly in moist environments (e.g., ground soil, rivers, lakes). More importantly, Legionella can multiply in water systems such as air conditioners, which is a common source of outbreaks nationwide, particularly during the summer months. We present a unique clinical course of Legionnaires' disease with suspected underlying recurrent lung cancer in a 77-year-old man during an outbreak that originated in a small city near our hospital. The patient presented to Urgent Care and after initial assessment, was admitted to the Internal Medicine Unit. He underwent supportive treatment with antibiotic therapy and oxygen, and was discharged one week after admission with improvement. The patient returned to Urgent Care a few weeks later with worsening dyspnea, where he was then transferred to another hospital for admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and later died. We report this special case to bring awareness to physicians of the possibility and importance of early detection and prompt management of Legionnaires' disease in lung cancer and critically ill patients with possible environmental risk factors. Prompt detection and management of Legionella pneumophila allows for a greater chance of a favorable prognosis, particularly in the immunocompromised.