RESUMO
This article highlights the changing profile of the pediatric patient with central nervous system infection as countries develop and the roles of different imaging modalities such as cranial ultrasound, MR imaging, and computed tomography. It discusses the commonly encountered congenital toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex (TORCH) infections, Group B Streptococcal and Escherichia coli infections in the neonatal period, and disease outbreaks affecting children. Iatrogenic, opportunistic, and immune-mediated changes as well as long-term effects of infection and mimics of infection are also discussed. Variety of images is provided to show the range of neuroimaging findings encountered, particularly on cranial ultrasound and MR imaging.