Emergence of immunoregulatory Ym1+Ly6Chi monocytes during recovery phase of tissue injury.

Ly6Chi monocytes migrate to injured sites and induce inflammation in the acute phase of tissue injury. However, once the causes of tissue injury are eliminated, monocyte-derived macrophages contribute to the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. It remains unclear whether the emergence of these immunoregulatory macrophages is attributed to the phenotypic conversion of inflammatory monocytes in situ or to the recruitment of bone marrow-derived regulatory cells de novo. Here, we identified a subpopulation of Ly6Chi monocytes that contribute to the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. Ym1+Ly6Chi monocytes greatly expanded in bone marrow during the recovery phase of systemic inflammation or tissue injury. Ym1+Ly6Chi monocytes infiltrating into an injured site exhibited immunoregulatory and tissue-reparative phenotypes. Deletion of Ym1+Ly6Chi monocytes resulted in delayed recovery from colitis. These results demonstrate that a distinct monocyte subpopulation destined to act in immunoregulation is generated in bone marrow and participates in resolution of inflammation and tissue repair.

Anomalous Quasiparticle Reflection from the Surface of a

A free surface of a dilute ^{3}He-^{4}He liquid mixture is a unique system where two Fermi liquids with distinct dimensions coexist: a three-dimensional (3D) ^{3}He Fermi liquid in the bulk and a two-dimensional (2D) ^{3}He Fermi liquid at the surface. To investigate a novel effect generated by the interaction between the two Fermi liquids, the mobility of a Wigner crystal of electrons formed on the free surface of the mixture is studied. An anomalous enhancement of the mobility, compared with the case where the 3D and 2D systems do not interact with each other, is observed. The enhancement is explained by the nontrivial reflection of 3D quasiparticles from the surface covered with the 2D ^{3}He system.

Onset of Superfluidity in

We elucidate, for the first time, the overall behavior of the onset temperature of superfluidity in ^{3}He films for a wide range of film thicknesses d between 0.06 and 10 µm by taking advantage of the tunability of d implemented using microfabricated devices. We observe a suppression of the onset temperature of superfluidity T_{c}^{f} in a film from the bulk transition temperature as d decreases. In particular, T_{c}^{f} is strongly suppressed when d approaches the coherence length (∼77 nm). The observed T_{c}^{f} as a function of d is similar to that expected from the quasiclassical theory, but it unexpectedly deviates from the theoretical value by several percent when 0.5≲d≲5 µm.

Evidence for reentrant melting in a quasi-one-dimensional Wigner crystal.

We demonstrate, for the first time, that a quasi-one-dimensional Wigner crystal formed on superfluid (4)He with only a few electrons in the confined direction shows reentrant melting. By transport measurements, we find oscillations in current as a function of linear density measured at a fixed driving voltage at high temperatures, and detailed analyses of transport data reveal that the oscillations originate from the periodic reduction of the melting temperature as a function of linear density. Comparison with the structural phase diagram suggests that the reduction of the melting temperature occurs at the boundaries between the different structures as the structure evolves from a single, double, followed by a triple chain.

Nonlinear transport of the Wigner solid on superfluid 4He in a channel geometry.

Nonlinear transport of electron crystal floating on superfluid 4He is investigated in channels 8 and 15 mum in width, where the electron velocity and driving electric field are uniform. At a high excitation, we observe a jump in the velocity caused by the decoupling of the electrons from the underlying surface deformation. The obtained driving field at the jump indicates that the decoupling occurs from the dynamically deepened surface deformation as a result of the Bragg-Cherenkov scattering of surface waves. Our results also account for the unusual nonlinear transport reported by Glasson et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 176802 (2001)10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.176802] considering the electrode geometry.

Superfluidity of 4He in one and three dimensions realized in nanopores.

Superfluidity in one and three dimensions has been studied for 4He fluid films adsorbed in nanopores which are straight channels and three-dimensionally connected pores, respectively. We observed the superfluid in one and three dimensions where thermal phonon wavelengths are much longer than the channel diameter and the period of the pore connection, respectively, and found that the superfluid onset depends on the pore connection. In the straight channels, the observed superfluid density disappears at a temperature far below the heat capacity anomaly of the Ginzburg-Landau transition, while in the pores connected in three dimension, the adsorbed 4He films show an evident three-dimensional transition where the superfluid onset occurs at the heat capacity peak.

Texture of superfluid 3He probed by a Wigner solid.

The resistivity of the Wigner solid floating on the free surface of superfluid 3He has been measured in both the A and B phases down to 200 microK in the magnetic field. The resistivity in the A phase shows the asymptotic behavior to the temperature-square dependence at low temperatures. The temperature dependence is successfully explained by the uniform l[over] texture oriented normal to the surface and by the specular scattering of quasiparticles excited along l[over] vector. In the B phase, the resistivity exhibits the exponential decrease at low temperatures. The steep increase of the resistivity observed at high magnetic field is attributable to the nonuniform texture of the field-distorted order parameter induced near the surface.

Possible one-dimensional 3He quantum fluid formed in nanopores.

Heat capacity measurements have been made down to 5 mK for 3He fluid films adsorbed in one-dimensional (1D) nanometer-scale pores, 28 A in diameter, preplated with 4He of 1.47 atomic layers. At low 3He density, the heat capacity shows a density-dependent, Schottky-like peak near 150 mK asymptoting to the value corresponding to a 2D Boltzmann gas at high temperatures. The peak behavior is attributed to the crossover from a 2D gas to a 1D state at low temperatures. The degenerate state of the 1D 3He fluid is indicated by a predominantly linear temperature dependence below about 30 mK.

[Three cases report on the epispadiac urethral duplication in male].

A case of complete type and two cases of incomplete type of epispadiac urethral duplication are reported. In the complete one, the accessory urethra (14 cm in length) opened 1.5 cm proximal to the dorsum of the penis. In two cases of incomplete type, the epispadiac openings located at the base of the penis or higher. The sinuses were lined with transitional epithelium proximally, and with squamous cells on the distal half of the accessory urethra, which suggests a developmental origin. We conclude that these sinuses may etiologically represent the identical origin without regard to complete type or incomplete type.

Establishment of a novel human dedifferentiated liposarcoma cell line, FU-DDLS-1: conventional and molecular cytogenetic characterization.

A number of human cell lines derived from well-differentiated, myxoid/round cell, or pleomorphic liposarcoma have been described. To our knowledge, however, no human cell line established from dedifferentiated liposarcoma has been reported. In this study, we established a new human cell line, FU-DDLS-1, which originated from a dedifferentiated liposarcoma arising in the retroperitoneum of a 61-year-old man. This cell line was characterized by immunocytochemistry, conventional banding analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome painting probe, and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). FU-DDLS-1 cells were spindle or polygonal shaped and possessed oval nuclei and slender cytoplasmic processes. The cultured cells were successfully maintained in vitro for over 90 passages over more than 30 months. The histologic features of heterotransplanted tumors in severe combined immunodeficiency mice were essentially the same as those of the original nonlipogenic sarcoma resembling a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Both in vitro and in vivo, the cells exhibited immunopositive reaction for mdm2 and p53 proteins. Cytogenetically, FU-DDLS-1 displayed a hypertetraploid karyotype with giant marker chromosomes composed partly of chromosome 12 material. In addition, CGH analysis demonstrated that DNA sequence copy number changes including a gain of 12q12-q21 detected in FU-DDLS-1 were essentially the same as those in the original sarcoma. The FU-DDLS-1 cell line, which exhibits the unique conventional and molecular cytogenetic characteristics of dedifferentiated liposarcoma, should be a particularly useful model for studying the molecular pathogenesis of human dedifferentiated liposarcoma.