Background diseases and the number of previous intravitreal aflibercept injections on immediate intraocular pressure increase and vitreous reflux rate in phakic eyes.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of background diseases and number of previous intravitreal aflibercept injections (IVAIs) on immediate intraocular pressure (IOP) increase and vitreous reflux (VR) rate and to evaluate the correlation of both age and axial length with immediate IOP increase and VR rate. METHODS: This study included 105 patients with cystoid macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, 35 patients with diabetic macular edema, 69 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), and 12 patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization, which underwent first-time IVAI. The correlation of immediate IOP increase and VR rates with the four background diseases was investigated. Moreover, the correlation of age with immediate IOP increase and VR rate as well as correlation of axial length with immediate IOP increase and VR rate were evaluated. Further, 54 patients with nAMD were treated with IVAI>10 times (multiple IVAIs). Moreover, the correlation of immediate IOP increase and VR rates with first-time and multiple IVAIs in nAMD was determined. RESULTS: The immediate IOP increase (P=0.16) and VR rates (P=0.50) were almost similar among the four background diseases. The immediate postinjection IOP and age, VR rate and age, immediate postinjection IOP and axial length, or VR rate and axial length were not correlated in the four background diseases. The immediate IOP increase (P=0.66) and VR rates (P=0.28) did not significantly differ between first-time and multiple IVAIs in nAMD. CONCLUSION: Background diseases and number of previous IVAIs have no effect on immediate IOP increase and VR rate. Further, age and axial length have no correlation on immediate IOP increase and VR rate.

Reactivation of previously controlled Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease more than 46 years following COVID-19 vaccination: a case study.

We report a case of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease that recurred 46 years after initial treatment. A 59-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of bilateral vision blurring. She had received her third dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination 4 months before the onset of blurring. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.0 in the right eye and 0.15 in the left eye at the initial visit. Iritis and synechia were observed between the lens and iris bilaterally. A sunset glow fundus was found in both eyes with no serous retinal detachments or disc hyperemia. The patient had a history of VKH disease and had been treated with whole-body corticosteroid administration at another hospital when she was 13 years old. The patient was diagnosed with VKH disease recurrence, and oral corticosteroid therapy and corticosteroid eyedrop treatment were initiated. The treatment response was good. At the time of this writing, recurrence had not been observed for 14 months, and the BCVA was 1.0 in both eyes. To our knowledge, this case represents the longest recorded interval of VKH disease recurrence in the literature to date. COVID-19 vaccination might be the cause of long-term well-controlled disease recurrence.

Possible association between vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and recurrence of macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion: a case report.

We herein describe a patient who developed recurrence of macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) 3 days after administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A man in his early 50s visited our hospital because of vision loss in his right eye. His logarithmic best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was -0.79 in both eyes. ME due to superior temporal BRVO was observed in his right eye, and the central foveal thickness (CFT) was 486 µm. The patient was treated with an intravitreal aflibercept injection with logarithmic BCVA of -0.79, leading to resolution of the ME with a CFT of 299 µm. Three months after the initial visit, he received a fourth dose of an mRNA vaccine. Three days later, he developed vision loss in his right eye. Although the logarithmic BCVA was maintained at -0.79, ME recurred with a CFT of 507 µm. The patient was treated with an additional dose of intravitreal aflibercept injection. The ME resolved and the logarithmic BCVA in the right eye was maintained at -0.79. This case indicates a possible association between vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and recurrence of ME due to BRVO.

Viral Conjunctivitis.

Viruses account for 80% of all cases of acute conjunctivitis and adenovirus; enterovirus and herpes virus are the common causative agents. In general, viral conjunctivitis spreads easily. Therefore, to control the spread, it is crucial to quickly diagnose illnesses, strictly implement hand washing laws, and sanitize surfaces. Swelling of the lid margin and ciliary injection are subjective symptoms, and eye discharge is frequently serofibrinous. Preauricular lymph node swelling can occasionally occur. Approximately 80% of cases of viral conjunctivitis are caused by adenoviruses. Adenoviral conjunctivitis may become a big global concern and may cause a pandemic. Diagnosis of herpes simplex viral conjunctivitis is crucial for using corticosteroid eye solution as a treatment for adenovirus conjunctivitis. Although specific treatments are not always accessible, early diagnosis of viral conjunctivitis may help to alleviate short-term symptoms and avoid long-term consequences.

Sympathetic ophthalmia in an 85-year-old female and a 90-year-old male after a non-complicated cataract surgery: a case report.

Here, two cases involving the oldest reported patients with sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) after non-complicated cataract surgery, are reported. The first case was an 85-year-old female with bilateral decreased vision and headache. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.8 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye at the initial visit. Pseudophakia and choroidal detachments were observed in both eyes, and retinal pigment epithelium undulation was observed by optical coherence tomography. The second case was a 90-year-old male with bilateral optic disc oedema. The BCVA was 0.09 in the right eye and 0.3 in the left eye with pseudophakic eyes. Optic disc oedema and choroidal thickening were observed in both eyes. Both patients were diagnosed with SO, and corticosteroid pulse treatments were started. The BCVA of the first case improved to 0.9 in the right eye and 1.2 in the left eye, while that of the second case reached 0.3 in the right eye and 0.6 in the left eye. No recurrence was observed in either case at 12 months after the initial visit. Both elderly patients with SO were successfully treated.