In-tube solid phase extraction with graphitic-based polyurethane sponge as a superhydrophobic sorbent and determination of drug residues in foodstuffs using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Veterinary drugs used in animal husbandry raise public health concerns due to their residues in the bodies of animals. This study employs a simple and quick sample preparation technique, in-tube solid phase extraction, to extract drug residues from foodstuffs, including eggs, honey, and water. This technique utilizes the synergy of graphitic-based materials and polyurethane sponges (PU) combined through dip coating method to make reusable sorbents for extracting drugs, including amoxicillin, paracetamol, ciprofloxacin, and cefixime. These prepared sorbents were characterized using FTIR, SEM, and XRD. HPLC analysis assessed the extraction efficiency, considering various parameters such as analyte concentration, sample solution pH, extraction time, type of eluting solvent, and graphitic-based polyurethane sponge reusability and stability. The proposed method exhibited a linear response for all three sorbents in the range of 0.03-1000 µg mL-1, with LOD 0.03-1.60 µg mL-1 and LOQ 0.18-4.84 µg mL-1. The % RSD ranged from 1.3 to 9.3 %, with recoveries of up to 98.42 %.

Manganese pre-treatment attenuates cadmium induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice.

Cadmium (Cd) is a soft, malleable bluish-white metal with low melting point, a ubiquitous heavy metal and an environmental pollutant, found in soil, water and air. The presence of Cd in the components of the environment such as air, soil and groundwater is to a large part due to human activity, and the general population is exposed mainly by contaminated drinking water or food. Manganese (Mn) is a component in many enzymes, which play an important role in counteracting oxidative stress. In vitro experiments have revealed the ability of Mn to scavenge oxygen free radicals generated in differently mediated lipid peroxidation (LPO) conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vivo preventive effect of Mn(2+) pre-treatment on acute Cd-intoxication with regard to oxidative stress biomarker and antioxidant defense system in liver of Swiss albino mice. On exposure to Cd a significant increase in LPO levels, decrease in thiol content and induction in glutathione metabolizing enzyme were observed. Mn pre-treatment attenuated the modulation caused in the above-mentioned parameters due to acute Cd exposure in mice. In conclusion, the results from this study demonstrate that the protective effect of Mn in Cd-induced systemic toxicity in mice. Further investigations are required on the relation between Mn accumulation and resistance to oxidative stress and on the factors influencing Mn/Cd transport in rodents are needed to elucidate the molecular basis of this protective effect.