Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Pretreated Diabetic Macular Edema-A Swiss Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a significant cause of visual impairment, often treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents. However, some patients do not respond adequately to this treatment. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of the intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant as a second-line treatment in DME patients with insufficient response to anti-VEGF therapy or with high treatment burden. METHODS: This retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted across seven clinical sites in Switzerland. The study included eyes with active DME that had been pretreated with anti-VEGF for at least six months before receiving DEX therapy. Data were extracted from electronic patient records, focusing on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CST), and injection frequency. RESULTS: A total of 95 eyes from 89 patients (38.8% females, mean age 65.6 ± 9.1 years, follow-up time 80.6 ± 38.5 [13.5-166.7] months) were analyzed. Prior to the first DEX implant, eyes had undergone an average of 16.0 ± 13.3 anti-VEGF injections over 32.5 ± 22.4 months. Post-DEX treatment, 22.1% of eyes received DEX monotherapy, 44.2% received a combination of DEX and anti-VEGF, 25.3% continued with anti-VEGF monotherapy, and 8.4% received no further treatment. The number of anti-VEGF injections decreased significantly from 6.4 ± 3.1 in the year before DEX to 1.6 ± 2.4 in the year after DEX (p < 0.001). BCVA remained stable (0.4 ± 0.3 logMAR at baseline, 0.4 ± 0.5 logMAR at 24 months, p = 0.2), while CST improved from 477.7 ± 141.0 to 320.4 ± 125.5 µm (p < 0.001), and the presence of retinal fluid decreased from 98.0% to 61.1% (p = 0.021). During follow-up, 26.3% of eyes required glaucoma medication, 4.2% underwent glaucoma surgery, and 1.1% needed cataract surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In real-world clinical settings, the addition of DEX to anti-VEGF therapy in DME patients significantly reduces treatment burden and retinal fluid while maintaining visual function. Treatment decisions should balance anatomical and functional outcomes, considering individual patient needs.

Assessing the Impact of Nicotine Dependence on 90-Day Major Complications and 2-Year Hardware Outcomes in Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Distal Radius Fracture.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to assess the impact of nicotine dependence on both 90-day major postoperative outcomes and 2-year implant-related outcomes in patients undergoing open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for distal radius fractures. METHODS: We queried TriNetX, a national research database that provides real-time access to deidentified medical records, for patients of all ages who underwent an ORIF of the distal radius (Current Procedural Technology codes 25607, 25608, 25609) between 2001 and 2021. Patients were categorized by nicotine dependence history (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code: F17), with groups 1:1 propensity matched for age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The primary analysis examined major postoperative complications within 90 days, while the secondary analysis assessed hardware-related issues within 2 years. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were generated for each outcome. RESULTS: Of 62 137 patients treated with distal radius ORIF, 7764 had nicotine dependence, and 54 373 did not. Each group comprised 7591 patients after 1:1 matching. Nicotine dependence was associated with increased risk of skin infections, sepsis, and wound disruption in the 90-day postoperative period (P < .001). Within the 2-year postoperative period, nicotine dependence was associated with increased risk of mechanical complication of internal fixation device (P < .001), nonunion (P < .01), and surgical intervention for nonunion (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine dependence is associated with increased risk of infection, sepsis, wound disruption within 90 days, and hardware complication, nonunion, and nonunion repair at 2 years. These data emphasize the importance of nicotine counseling by treating surgeons.

Antifouling activity and ecotoxicological profile of the cyanobacterial oxadiazine nocuolin A.

Pursuing effective and biocompatible natural compounds to supplant current biocidal antifouling (AF) technologies remains crucial and challenging. Among natural products hosts, cyanobacteria are recognized as producers of bioactive secondary metabolites that are underexplored in terms of anti-biofilm and AF potential. Nocuolin A, a natural oxadiazine previously isolated and known to be produced by different cyanobacterial strains, has demonstrated bioactive potential, particularly against tumor cell lines. Considering this potential and its exquisite chemical structure, here nocuolin A was investigated as a potential natural AF agent through an integrative approach including AF bioactivity testing across distinct levels of biological organization, mode of action assessment, ecotoxicity evaluation, and ecological risk predictions. Nocuolin A was found to inhibit the settlement of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) plantigrades (EC50 = 3.905 µM) while showing no toxicity to this biofouling species (LC50 > 100 µM). Additionally, while exhibiting no inhibitory activity against the growth of five marine biofilm-forming bacterial strains, it significantly suppressed the growth of the marine biofilm-forming diatom Navicula sp. (EC50 = 1.561 µM), and had a lethal effect on this diatom species (>3.1 µM). The AF targets of nocuolin A on mussel plantigrades revealed no correlation with acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase metabolic processes; however, proteins involved in oxidative stress, muscle regulation, and energy production were highlighted. The results also provide insights into the ecological risk of nocuolin A, including its ecotoxicity against Artemia salina nauplii (LC50 = 2.480 µM), Amphibalanus amphitrite nauplii (LC50 = 0.0162 µM), and Danio rerio embryos (LC50 = 0.0584 µM). When matching these results with simulated environmental values, nocuolin A was deemed a considerable threat to the ecosystems. While this research highlights the AF activity of nocuolin A, it also emphasizes the potential adverse environmental impact when applied in preventive coatings.

An organic-organometallic CO-releasing material comprising 4,4'-bipyridine and molybdenum subcarbonyl building blocks.

Over the past two decades, following the discovery of the important biological roles of carbon monoxide (CO), metal carbonyl complexes have been intensively studied as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) for therapeutic applications. To improve the properties of "bare" low molecular weight CORMs, attention has been drawn to conjugating CORMs with macromolecular and inorganic scaffolds to produce CO-releasing materials (CORMAs) capable of storing and delivering large payloads of the gasotransmitter. A significant obstacle is to obtain CORMAs that retain the beneficial features of the parent CORMs. In the present work, a crystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) formulated as Mo(CO)3(4,4'-bipyridine)3/2 (Mobpy), with a structure based on Mo(CO)3 metallic nodes and bipyridine linkers, has been prepared in near quantitative yield by a straightforward reflux method, and found to exhibit CO-release properties that mimic those typically observed for molybdenum carbonyl CORMs. Mobpy was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FT-IR, FT-Raman and diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-vis spectroscopies, and 13C{1H} cross-polarization (CP) magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR. The release of CO from Mobpy was studied by the deoxy-myoglobin (deoxy-Mb)/carbonmonoxy-myoglobin (MbCO) UV-vis assay. Mobpy liberates CO upon contact with a physiological buffer in the dark, leading to a maximum released amount of 1.3-1.5 mmol g-1, after 1.5 h at 37 °C, with half-lives of 0.5-1.0 h (time to transfer 0.5 equiv. of CO to Mb). In the solid-state and under open air, Mobpy undergoes complete decarbonylation over a period of 42 days, corresponding to a theoretical CO-release of 7.25 mmol g-1.

Building accelerated plant breeding pipelines: Screening to evaluate lima bean resistance to root-knot nematode in diverse inbred lines and segregating breeding populations.

Lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) are a cornerstone crop of Delaware's processing vegetable industry. Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) cause galling of root systems which severely reduces yield. Durable host resistance is an effective management strategy for RKN, but availability of resistant lima bean cultivars is limited. To overcome these challenges, breeding pipelines must simultaneously advance pre-commercial lines and identify new resistance sources with potential for incorporation into the breeding program. Inoculated field trials were conducted in 2021-2022 to evaluate three M. incognita resistant, pre-commercial experimental lines for resistance traits and yield potential in comparison to commercial standards, 'Cypress' and 'C-elite Select'. DE1306635 had the highest yield and reduced galling and reproduction compared to 'Cypress', and is a candidate for commercial release. To continue the breeding pipeline, 256 lima bean inbred accessions from around the world were assessed from 2022-2023 in greenhouse and field screenings to identify novel sources of resistance in the lima bean gene pool. This method allows for evaluation and/or advancement of three generations per year. The full panel was initially evaluated for root galling and 60 accessions were selected for additional field and greenhouse screening: 25 large- and 25 small-seeded with the lowest gall ratings, 5 high-gall controls, and 5 commercial standards. Seven accessions with reduced M. incognita galling and reproduction were identified, including two known resistant lines and five newly identified genotypes. The resistance carried by these genotypes will be further characterized to assess their potential use in lima bean RKN resistance breeding.

Exploring the perspectives of older adults who are pre-frail and frail to identify interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour and improve mobility: a thematic content analysis.

Older adults who are frail are one of the most sedentary and the least physically active age groups. Prolonged sedentary time is associated with increased risk of negative health outcomes. To help design effective and sustainable content and optimize the uptake of sedentary behaviour interventions, an in-depth understanding of older adults' perceptions of sedentary behaviour is needed; however, most qualitative studies have been conducted in healthy older adults. The aim of this study was to explore perspectives of sedentary behaviour within the context of older adults who are pre-frail and frail after the winter and spring. We included participants if they: (1) spoke English or attended with a translator or caregiver, (2) were ≥ 60 years, and (3) were frail on the Morley Frail Scale. We utilized a qualitative description methodology including a semi-structured in-depth interview and thematic content analysis. Concepts from the COM-B (Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behaviour) model were used to guide the semi-structured interviews and analysis. To ensure credibility of the data, we used an audit trail and analyst triangulation. We recruited 21 older adults (72 ± 7.3 years, 13 females, 13 frail) from southwestern Ontario, Canada. Two individuals were lost to follow-up due to medical mistrust and worse health. We transcribed 39 audio recordings. We identified three salient themes: (1) older adults rationalize their sedentary behaviours through cognitive dissonance (reflective motivation), (2) urban cities in southwestern Ontario may not be "age-friendly" (physical opportunity), and (3) exercise is something people "have to do", but hobbies are for enjoyment despite medical conditions (psychological capability). Perspectives of sedentary behaviour were different in the winter versus spring, with participants perceiving themselves to be less active in winter. Incorporating dissonance-based interventions as part of an educational program could be used to target the reflective motivation and psychological capability components. Future research should consider interdisciplinary collaborations with environmental gerontology to develop age-friendly communities that promote meaningful mobility to target physical opportunity.

Mapping sedentary behaviour (MAPS-B) in winter and spring using wearable sensors, indoor positioning systems, and diaries in older adults who are pre-frail and frail: A feasibility longitudinal study.

Older adults who are frail are likely to be sedentary. Prior interventions to reduce sedentary time in older adults have not been effective as there is little research about the context of sedentary behaviour (posture, location, purpose, social environment). Moreover, there is limited evidence on feasible measures to assess context of sedentary behaviour in older adults. The aim of our study was to determine the feasibility of measuring context of sedentary behaviour in older adults with pre-frailty or frailty using a combination of objective and self-report measures. We defined "feasibility process" using recruitment (20 participants within two-months), retention (85%), and refusal (20%) rates and "feasibility resource" if the measures capture context and can be linked (e.g., sitting-kitchen-eating-alone) and are all participants willing to use the measures. Context was assessed using a wearable sensor to assess posture, a smart home monitoring system for location, and an electronic or hard-copy diary for purpose and social context over three days in winter and spring. We approached 80 potential individuals, and 58 expressed interest; of the 58 individuals, 37 did not enroll due to lack of interest or medical mistrust (64% refusal). We recruited 21 older adults (72±7.3 years, 13 females, 13 frail) within two months and experienced two dropouts due to medical mistrust or worsening health (90% retention). The wearable sensor, indoor positioning system, and electronic diary accurately captured one domain of context, but the hard copy was often not completed with enough detail, so it was challenging to link it to the other devices. Although not all participants were willing to use the wearable sensor, indoor positioning system, or electronic diary, we were able to triage the measures of those who did. The use of wearable sensors and electronic diaries may be a feasible method to assess context of sedentary behaviour, but more research is needed with device-based measures in diverse groups.

Influence of trophic overlaps and trophic niche amplitude on microplastic intake of fish species in shallow areas of a neotropical coastal lagoon.

Plastic pollution is a global challenge that affects all marine ecosystems, and reflects all types of uses and activities of human society in these environments. In marine ecosystems, microplastics and mesoplastics interact with invertebrates and become available to higher predators, such as fish, which can ingest these contaminants. This study aimed to analyze how ecological food interactions (diet overlap and trophic niche amplitude) among fish species contribute to the ingestion of plastic particles. The gastrointestinal contents of six fish species (Atherinella brasiliensis, Eucinostomus melanopterus, Eucinostomus argenteus, Genidens genidens, Coptodon rendalli, and Geophagus brasiliensis) were analyzed to identify prey items and plastic ingestion. Based on the ontogenetic classification, A. brasiliensis, E. melanopterus, and G. genidens were divided into juveniles and adults, and the six fish species analyzed were divided into nine predator groups. Most of the plastics ingested by the fish species were blue microplastic (MP) fibers (< 0.05 mm) classified as polyester terephthalate, polyethylene, and polybutadiene. Considering all the analyzed predators, the average number and weight of plastics ingested per individual were 2.01 and 0.0005 g, respectively. We observed that predators with a high trophic overlap could present a relationship with the intake of MP fibers owing to predation on the same resources. In addition, we observed the general pattern that when a species expands its trophic diversity and niche, it can become more susceptible to plastic ingestion. For example, the species with the highest Levin niche amplitude, E. argenteus juveniles, had the highest mean number (2.9) of ingested MP fibers. Understanding the feeding ecology and interactions among species, considering how each predator uses habitats and food resources, can provide a better understanding of how plastic particle contamination occurs and which habitats are contaminated with these polluting substances.

Antineoplastic therapy is an independent risk factor for dental caries in childhood cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the antineoplastic therapy (AT) as a risk factor for dental caries lesions independent of other risk factors such as income, family education, stimulated salivary flow rate, hygiene habits, frequency of sugar intake, and microbiota in childhood cancer (CC) patients. METHODS: 72 individuals were divided into CC patients (n=36) and healthy individuals (control group - CT n=36). Demographic data, hygiene habits, frequency of sugar intake, CC type, and AT were collected. Stimulated salivary flow rate was measured and the presence and concentration of Streptococcus mutans were assessed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. Clinical evaluations included plaque index (PI) and decayed-missing-filled-teeth index (dmft/DMFT). Descriptive statistics, T-test, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and two-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS: At the time of oral evaluation, both groups exhibited similar ages with means of 12.0±3.9 years old for CC and 12.0±4.0 years old for CT patients. All CC patients underwent chemotherapy with nine also undergoing radiotherapy. Significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of color/race, income, family education, and hygiene habits. However, no statistically significant differences were found between groups regarding the frequency of sugar intake, stimulated salivary flow rate, or the concentration of Streptococcus mutans (qPCR technique). For clinical parameters, the DMF (CC:1.80, CT: 0.75), decayed (CC: 0.88, CT: 0.19), missing (CC: 0.25, CT:0), and PI (CC: 30.5%, CT: 22.6%) were higher in the CC group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Childhood cancer (CC) patients undergoing antineoplastic therapy (AT) exhibit a higher prevalence of dental caries, regardless of income/education, frequency of sugar intake, stimulated salivary flow rate, and microbiota.

Let's talk about sex: Mechanisms of neural sexual differentiation in Bilateria.

In multicellular organisms, sexed gonads have evolved that facilitate release of sperm versus eggs, and bilaterian animals purposefully combine their gametes via mating behaviors. Distinct neural circuits have evolved that control these physically different mating events for animals producing eggs from ovaries versus sperm from testis. In this review, we will describe the developmental mechanisms that sexually differentiate neural circuits across three major clades of bilaterian animals-Ecdysozoa, Deuterosomia, and Lophotrochozoa. While many of the mechanisms inducing somatic and neuronal sex differentiation across these diverse organisms are clade-specific rather than evolutionarily conserved, we develop a common framework for considering the developmental logic of these events and the types of neuronal differences that produce sex-differentiated behaviors. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.

Comparison of corneal measurements in keratoconus eyes with two swept-source-optical coherence tomography devices and a Scheimpflug device.

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and reliability of biometric measurements taken with the Eyestar 900 device in keratoconus eyes in comparison with those taken with the Pentacam HR and IOLMaster 700. METHODS: Seventy-five eyes of 75 patients with keratoconus were included. The central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest point of corneal thickness (TCT), axial length (AL), flat (K1) and steep (K2) anterior and posterior (Kp1, Kp2) keratometry, maximal keratometry (KMax) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were compared between the Eyestar 900, Pentacam HR and IOLMaster 700. Reliability parameters such as the coefficient of variation (CoV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Pearson's r was determined to assess the correlation between devices. RESULTS: A high repeatability (CoV < 1%) and intraclass correlation (ICC > 0.9) was found for all devices, led by AL, TCT, K1 and K2 (CoV 0.01-0.36%; ICC 0.994-1.00). The largest correlation between devices was found for AL (Eyestar vs. IOLMaster, r = 1.0), K1 (Eyestar vs. IOLMaster, r = 0.997) and ACD (Eyestar vs. IOLMaster, r = 0.995; Pentacam vs. IOLMaster, r = 0.987; Eyestar vs. Pentacam, r = 0.983), but there were significant differences in measured values between devices (p < 0.001), whereas the correlation was only slightly lower (r = 0.947 to 0.994) for KMax, CCT, TCT, K2, Kp1 and Kp2. CONCLUSION: Keratometric and axial length measurements with the Eyestar 900 were feasible and revealed a high repeatability and a good correlation to the other devices in eyes with keratoconus.

Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes Associated With Sarcopenia in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: Sarcopenia is underrecognized in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Risk factors of sarcopenia and its impact on outcomes in RA patients are relatively unknown. We conducted a systematic review to identify factors and outcomes associated with sarcopenia in RA. We conducted this review according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases by combining the following search concepts: (1) RA and (2) sarcopenia. Articles were included if they included RA patients, assessed for sarcopenia using a consensus working group definition, and assessed for clinical outcomes. Meta-analysis was performed using studies that shared the same sarcopenia definition and consistency in reporting patient or disease variables. Our search identified 3602 articles. After removal of duplicates, title and abstract screen, and full-text review, 16 articles were included for final analysis. All studies had observational study designs. The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 24% to 30%, depending on the criteria for sarcopenia used. Factors associated with sarcopenia included higher 28-joint Disease Activity Scale scores (+0.39; 95% confidence interval, +0.02 to +0.77) and baseline methotrexate use (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.97). Baseline glucocorticoid use had a positive correlation with sarcopenia in multiple studies. Several studies found lower bone mineral density and higher incidence of falls and fractures in patients with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is prevalent in RA, and it may be associated with higher RA disease activity, lower bone mineral density, and increased falls and fractures. Therefore, early screening of sarcopenia in RA patients is important to incorporate into clinical rheumatology practice.

Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Identification of Metabolites in Winterberry Fruit Putatively Associated with Natural Disease Resistance to Diaporthe ilicicola.

Winterberry holly (Ilex verticillata) is an ornamental plant popularly used in landscape design and sold as cut branches for fall and winter seasonal decoration. Latent fruit rot of winterberry is an emerging disease caused by the fungus Diaporthe ilicicola, which can result in up to 100% crop loss. Diaporthe ilicicola infects open flowers in spring, but symptom onset does not occur until the end of the growing season when the fruit is fully mature. This study was conducted to identify compounds displaying significant variation in abundance during fruit maturation and that may be putatively associated with natural disease resistance observed when the fruit is immature. Winterberry 'Sparkleberry' fruits collected at four timepoints during the 2018 and 2019 seasons were extracted in methanol and analyzed using high resolution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed a distinct separation of metabolic profiles based on fruit phenological stage. The top 100 features that were differentially expressed between immature and mature fruit were selected from both electrospray ionization (ESI) (-) and ESI (+) datasets for annotation. Eleven compounds shown to decrease throughout the season included cinnamic acids, a triterpenoid, terpene lactones, stilbene glycosides, a cyanidin glycoside, and a furopyran. Nine compounds shown to accumulate throughout the season included chlorogenic acid derivatives, hydrolysable tannins, flavonoid glycosides, and a triterpene saponin. Future research will further confirm the exact identity of the compounds of interest and determine whether they are biologically active toward D. ilicicola or I. verticillata. The results could inform breeding programs, chemical management programs, and novel antifungal compound development pipelines.

Intravitreal Dexamethasone as a Rescue for Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Persistent Disease Activity and High Treatment Demand.

Purpose: To assess the impact of switching to, or adding, an intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Dex; Ozurdex®) in anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy on disease stability and treatment intervals in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and persistent disease activity and high treatment demand. Methods: This retrospective noncomparative multicenter longitudinal case series included pseudophakic eyes with nAMD and persistent retinal fluid despite regular anti-VEGF therapy (ranibizumab or aflibercept) that received at least 1 intravitreal Dex implant. Visual acuity, central retinal thickness (CRT), and intraocular pressure were recorded before, and after, the addition of Dex to anti-VEGF therapy. Results: Sixteen eyes of 16 patients met the inclusion criteria of persistent fluid despite anti-VEGF therapy, under treatment intervals of ≤7 weeks in 14 instances. Patients were 80.9 ± 7.4 years old and had received 25.5 ± 17.4 anti-VEGF injections before Dex over a period of 36.4 ± 21.9 months before switching. The treatment interval increased from 5.5 ± 3.2 weeks between the last anti-VEGF and first Dex injection to 11.7 ± 7.3 weeks thereafter (P = 0.022). CRT remained stable (385.3 ± 152.1, 383.9 ± 129.7, and 458.3 ± 155.2 µm before switching as well as 12 and 24 months after switching; P = 0.78 and P = 0.36, respectively). An insignificant mean short-term early increase in visual acuity was not sustained over time. Conclusions: The addition of Dex resulted in a relevant and sustained increase in treatment intervals, whereas CRT and visual acuity remained stable in these difficult-to-treat eyes. It may be discussed whether inflammation or other steroid-responsive factors play a significant role in cases of nAMD with nonsatisfactory responses to anti-VEGF.

Comparison of national and international sedentary behaviour and physical activity guidelines for older adults: A systematic review and quality appraisal with AGREE II.

Most older adults 65 years and older accumulate over 8.5 hours/day of sedentary time, which is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndromes and falls. The impact of increased sedentary time in older adults has prompted development of sedentary behaviour guidelines. The purpose of our review was to compare national and international sedentary behaviour and physical activity guidelines for older adults and appraise the quality of guidelines using AGREE II. We conducted our search in Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, CINAHL, and relevant grey literature. We included the most recent guidelines for older adults written in English. We identified 18 national and international guidelines; ten of the 18 guidelines included sedentary behaviour recommendations while all 18 included physical activity recommendations for older adults. The ten sedentary behaviour guidelines were developed using cohort studies, knowledge users' opinions, systematic reviews, or other guidelines while the physical activity guidelines were developed using randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and overview of reviews. The definition of sedentary behaviour and the recommendations were inconsistent between the guidelines and were based on very low to low quality and certainty of evidence. All guidelines provided consistent recommendations for aerobic and resistance training; the recommendations were developed using moderate to high quality and certainty of evidence. Only eight physical activity guidelines provided recommendations for balance training and six on flexibility training; the balance training recommendations were consistent between guidelines and based on moderate quality evidence. Further work is needed to develop evidenced-based sedentary behaviour recommendations and flexibility training recommendations for older adults.

Actualisation 2023 des lignes directrices de pratique clinique pour la prise en charge de l'ostéoporose et la prévention des fractures au Canada.

CONTEXTE: Au Canada, plus de 2 millions de personnes vivent avec l'ostéoporose, une maladie qui accroît le risque de fracture, ce qui fait augmenter la morbidité et la mortalité, et entraîne une perte de qualité de vie et d'autonomie. La présente actualisation des lignes directrices vise à accompagner les professionnelles et professionnels de la santé au Canada dans la prestation de soins visant à optimiser la santé osseuse et à prévenir les fractures chez les femmes ménopausées et les hommes de 50 ans et plus. MÉTHODES: Le présent document fournit une actualisation des lignes directrices de pratique clinique de 2010 d'Ostéoporose Canada sur le diagnostic et la prise en charge de l'ostéoporose au pays. Nous avons utilisé l'approche GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) et effectué l'assurance de la qualité conformément aux normes de qualité et de présentation des rapports de la grille AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation). Les médecins de premier recours et les patientes et patients partenaires ont été représentés à tous les niveaux des comités et des groupes ayant participé à l'élaboration des lignes directrices, et ont participé à toutes les étapes du processus pour garantir la pertinence des informations pour les futurs utilisateurs et utilisatrices. Le processus de gestion des intérêts concurrents a été entamé avant l'élaboration des lignes directrices et s'est poursuivi sur toute sa durée, selon les principes du Réseau international en matière de lignes directrices. Dans la formulation des recommandations, nous avons tenu compte des avantages et des risques, des valeurs et préférences de la patientèle, des ressources, de l'équité, de l'acceptabilité et de la faisabilité; la force de chacune des recommandations a été déterminée en fonction du cadre GRADE. RECOMMANDATIONS: Les 25 recommandations et les 10 énoncés de bonne pratique sont répartis en sections : activité physique, alimentation, évaluation du risque de fracture, instauration du traitement, interventions pharmacologiques, durée et séquence du traitement, et monitorage. La prise en charge de l'ostéoporose devrait se fonder sur le risque de fracture, établi au moyen d'une évaluation clinique réalisée avec un outil d'évaluation du risque de fracture validé. L'activité physique, l'alimentation et la pharmacothérapie sont des éléments essentiels à la stratégie de prévention des fractures, qui devraient être personnalisés. INTERPRÉTATION: Les présentes lignes directrices ont pour but d'outiller les professionnelles et professionnels de la santé et la patientèle afin qu'ensemble ils puissent parler de l'importance de la santé osseuse et du risque de fracture tout au long de la vie adulte avancée. La détection et la prise en charge efficace de la fragilité osseuse peuvent contribuer à réduire les fractures et à préserver la mobilité, l'autonomie et la qualité de vie.

Developing the intersectionality supplemented Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and tools for intersectionality considerations.

BACKGROUND: The concept of intersectionality proposes that demographic and social constructs intersect with larger social structures of oppression and privilege to shape experiences. While intersectionality is a widely accepted concept in feminist and gender studies, there has been little attempt to use this lens in implementation science. We aimed to supplement the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), a commonly used framework in implementation science, to support the incorporation of intersectionality in implementation science projects by (1) integrating an intersectional lens to the CFIR; and (2) developing a tool for researchers to be used alongside the updated framework. METHODS: Using a nominal group technique, an interdisciplinary framework committee (n = 17) prioritized the CFIR as one of three implementation science models, theories, and frameworks to supplement with intersectionality considerations; the modification of the other two frameworks are described in other papers. The CFIR subgroup (n = 7) reviewed the five domains and 26 constructs in the CFIR and prioritized domains and constructs for supplementation with intersectional considerations. The subgroup then iteratively developed recommendations and prompts for incorporating an intersectional approach within the prioritized domains and constructs. We developed recommendations and prompts to help researchers consider how personal identities and power structures may affect the facilitators and inhibitors of behavior change and the implementation of subsequent interventions. RESULTS: We achieved consensus on how to apply an intersectional lens to CFIR after six rounds of meetings. The final intersectionality supplemented CFIR includes the five original domains, and 28 constructs; the outer systems and structures and the outer cultures constructs were added to the outer setting domain. Intersectionality prompts were added to 13 of the 28 constructs. CONCLUSION: Through an expert-consensus approach, we modified the CFIR to include intersectionality considerations and developed a tool with prompts to help implementation users apply an intersectional lens using the updated framework.