Indicators From China's Listed Corporations on Corporate Financing Behavior and Policy-Related Risk.

This study explores corporate financing behavior regarding the company and country-level factors and risks associated with policy-related regulations. The study considers all three categories of risk: geopolitical risk, economic policy uncertainty, and political risk. In addition to this, we investigated how the links between diverse types of financing activities and the policy-related risks associated with them change depending on the type of financing strategy utilized (debt vs. equity). The study examined quarterly data from 2016Q1 to 2020Q3. EViews 12 is used for data analysis. Findings show financial restrictions, as well as inequities within the sector, have an impact on corporate investment while policy-related risks might impact a company's financing selections. Compared to equity financing, debt financing is more susceptible to policy-related risk. According to the available information, features at the company and nation levels also impact corporate finance choices. Finally, firms that have little financial resources are more susceptible to the adverse effects of policy-related risk than industrial companies are. Managers, as well as governments, should utilize these insights to design economic strategies that are more successful in the future.

Analyzing dynamic impacts of deagriculturalization on CO2 emissions in selected Asian economies: a tale of two shocks.

The study investigates the symmetric and asymmetric impact of agriculturalization on CO2 emissions in a sample of selected Asian economies for time period 1985 to 2019. For empirical analysis, the study adopted panel linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approaches. The long-run findings of panel ARDL reveal that agriculturalization contributes to environmental quality by mitigating CO2 emissions. The panel nonlinear results clearly indicate that the effects of agriculturalization on CO2 emissions are asymmetric. The findings demonstrate that agriculturalization improves environmental quality and de-agriculturalization mitigates environmental quality. Our empirical results are also robust to alternative model specifications. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the relevant authorities should formulate reforms in the agriculture sector that controls and reduces carbon emissions in Asian economies.

Nexus between disaggregated energy sources, institutional quality, and environmental degradation in BRI countries: a penal quantile regression analysis.

The present study aims to contribute to the existing literature by examining the role of institutional quality in the nexus of disaggregated energy sources and environmental degradation for belt and road initiative countries. To empirically support the theoretically presented propositions, a series of analytical techniques are used, such as LLC, IPS for unit root, Johansen-Fisher panel co-integration to check the long-run association between the considered variables from 2000 to 2020. Further, a panel quantile regression and panel fixed effect model is used in the study to explore the nexus. The study found a long-run association between institutional quality (IQ), energy production from oil (EPOil), natural gas (EPGas), coal (EPCoal), renewables (EPRenew), and CO2 emission in BRI countries. According to panel unit-root tests, all variables are integrated of order I(1), and the panel co-integration test showed a log-run association among variables. The results of panel quantile regression and panel fixed effect model showed a positive association between IQ and CO2 emission. Similarly, an association of CO2 emission with EPGas, EPOil, and EPCoal is also significantly positive. The extraction and use of fossil fuels (natural gas, oil, and coal) pollute the air, while, on the other hand, there is a negative relationship found between CO2 emission and EPRenew. When developing environmental protection measures, governments should choose to concentrate on the quality of institutions. The effectiveness of institutions in BRI countries will provide appropriate rules, regulations, property rights, and methods to fight corruption, which, if followed systematically, would decrease CO2 emissions and enhance the quality of the environment in BRI countries.

Investigating the Islamic Perspective on Homosexuality.

In his 2006 article in the Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America (JIMA), Dr. Ahmed qualified the predominant psychiatric view on homosexuality by recourse to opinions prevalent within reparative therapy circles. Conservative Muslim thinkers, online counselors, and other professionals continue to hold opinions similar to those delineated by Dr. Ahmed in his journal article. We use his article as a focal point to critique the general opinions upheld by conservative Muslim thinkers by alluding to the harms associated with reparative therapy and by rejecting the unreasonable prescription of permanent celibacy. We critique Dr. Ahmed's association of homosexuality with mental health issues, fatal diseases, alcoholism, and illicit sexual intercourse. Investigating the Muslim tradition, we encourage conservative Muslim leaders to facilitate Muslim gays and lesbians in their legitimate human need for intimacy, affection, and companionship.