Transient global amnesia: Diffusion MRI findings.

INTRODUCTION: Aim of this study is to identify and describe the MRI findings in patients with Transient Global Amnesia (TGA), specifically on Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) sequence. METHODS: MRI findings in 12 patients with clinical diagnosis of TGA were retrospectively analysed. MRI brain was performed with a 3T scanner on 11 patients and 1.5T scanner on 1 patient. DWI were acquired at B value of 1000 s/mm2 in 4 patients, 2000 s/mm2 in 2 patients and both 1000 and 2000 s/mm2 in 6 patients. RESULTS: There were 7 female and 5 male patients. The mean age was 65.67 years (range 61-74 years). The median time interval between the onset of symptom and MRI scan was 47.5 hours, range 25-114 hours. 11 of the 12 patients showed punctate foci of restricted diffusion in hippocampus (mean size 3.7 mm (range 2-6.5 mm). 10 patients showed foci in left hippocampus. Nine patients showed a single focus, 1 patient showed three foci and 1 patient showed four foci. In 6 patients who had DWI MRI at both B values, scans at B value of 1000 s/mm2 revealed abnormality in 4 patients, while higher B value imaging improved sensitivity in one patient and one patient had a negative scan at both B values. CONCLUSION: We have highlighted the MRI finding of typical punctate foci of bright signal in hippocampus seen on DWI in patients diagnosed with TGA. Detection on a routine stroke MRI protocol can avoid need for dedicated TGA protocols or repeat scan, improving the workflow.

Bilateral persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.

A case of bilateral persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) in a 3-month-old male infant, who had bilateral leukokoria, is presented. The child was referred for imaging with a clinical suspicion of retinoblastoma. Gray-scale ultrasound evaluation revealed an echogenic band in the posterior segment of both globes, extending from the posterior surface of the lens capsule to the optic disc. Doppler examination revealed the presence of arterial flow in the band in both globes. Associated echogenic hemorrhage was also seen, which was confirmed by computed tomography. Most cases of PHPV are sporadic and unilateral, and bilateral PHPV is rare. The imaging features in this case suggest the diagnosis of bilateral PHPV and differentiate it from retinoblastoma. This entity, although infrequent, should be considered in the differential diagnosis while evaluating bilateral leukokoria.

Case report: Subutaneous hemangiomatosis causing Kasabach-Merritt syndrome - MRI features.

Hemangiomatosis is an uncommon entity in which there is diffuse infiltration of soft tissue or bone by hemangioma. Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is an uncommon complication of large hemangiomas, in which there is thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. Plain radiographs, in addition to showing a soft tissue mass, also show a variety of findings in the bones. MRI is the investigation of choice. A case of a 2-year-old child suffering from hemangiomatosis and a resultant Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is presented.

Pre-operative diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum: report of a case and review of literature.

Meckel's diverticulum represents a patent omphalomesenteric duct at its junction with the ileum. Although it is a common anomaly, it is often a surgical surprise as the preoperative diagnosis is seldom established. We present an unusual case where the constellation of imaging findings was so typical that we could suggest this diagnosis prospectively and it was subsequently confirmed surgically.

Extensive pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and surgical emphysema as a complication of bleomycin therapy.

Bleomycin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent and one of the commonest cytotoxic drugs leading to pulmonary parenchymal damage. It generally leads to interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis, hypersensitivity reactions and acute respiratory distress syndrome. We describe an 8-year-old boy who, following prolonged bleomycin therapy, demonstrated extensive air dissection and extrapulmonary air, an unusual and fatal complication.