Inflammation in the proximal colon is a risk factor for the development of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Background: Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of developing colorectal neoplasia (CRN) in the proximal colon. Objectives: To evaluate whether duration and severity of inflammation are linked to the development of CRN in this population. Design: Retrospective, case-control chart review of patients with PSC and IBD at a tertiary care center. Methods: Disease activity was scored per colonic segment at each colonoscopy prior to the first instance of observed CRN using a modified Mayo endoscopic sub-score and histologic assessment. Patients in the CRN-positive group were compared to controls that did not. Results: In all, 72 PSC-IBD patients with no history of CRN were identified, 13 of whom developed CRN after at least one colonoscopy at our institution. Patients in the CRN-positive group had significantly more endoscopic (p < 0.01) and histologic (p < 0.01) inflammation in the right compared to the control group prior to the development of dysplasia. There was significantly greater endoscopic inflammation in the segment of the colon with a dysplastic lesion than other segments of the colon (p = 0.018). Patients with moderate/severe lifetime endoscopic (p = 0.02) or histologic inflammation (p = 0.04) score had a lower probability of remaining free of dysplasia during follow-up. Nearly half of the patients with dysplasia had invisible lesions found on random biopsy. Conclusions: Endoscopic and histologic inflammation in the proximal colon are risk factors for CRN in patients with PSC-IBD. PSC-IBD patients frequently have subclinical inflammation, and these findings support the practice of regular assessment of disease activity and random biopsy of inflamed and uninflamed areas in patients with PSC with the goal of reducing inflammation to prevent the development of CRN.

Patients with PSC and IBD have not been examined as a cohort to assess for risk factors for CRN. We found that severe inflammation in the proximal colon is the main risk factor for CRN in these patients.

Improved Kasai Hepatoportoenterostomy Outcomes After Implementation of a Dedicated Biliary Atresia Team.

It can be difficult or impractical to refer all biliary atresia (BA) patients to high-volume centers. Our hypothesis was that a low volume center could improve outcomes with implementation of a dedicated multidisciplinary BA team. We conducted a retrospective study of patients with BA who underwent hepatic portoenterostomy at our institution from 2003 to 2020, before and after the development of a dedicated BA team. Ten consecutive patients with BA were identified following the establishment of a dedicated BA team. Since the establishment of the BA team, total bilirubin (TB) clearance (TB < 2 mg/dL) achieved by 3 and 6 months has been 60% and 60%, respectively, and survival of the native liver (SNL) at 1 and 2 years post HPE at 90% and 86%, respectively. Outcomes were markedly improved after the team was established. A dedicated BA team prioritizing communication and expeditious workup can improve outcomes at a low volume center.

Relatively Poor Long-term Outcomes Following Liver Transplantation for NASH in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) continues to increase in frequency as an indication for liver transplantation (LT). Data on long-term outcomes for these patients are limited. We aimed to compare long-term patient and graft survival in patients undergoing LT for NASH in the United States to other indications. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients of adult patients who underwent primary deceased-donor LT from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2019. RESULTS: NASH has increased as an indication for LT by 4.5-fold, from 5.2% in 2005 to 23.4% in 2019. Patient (61.2%) and graft survival (59.2%) at 10 y are significantly poorer for NASH than for all other indications other than alcohol. Patients transplanted for NASH have higher body mass index (32.2 versus 27.6) and greater frequency of diabetes (13% versus 11.6%) than any other indication ( P < 0.001). Portal vein thrombosis, location in intensive care unit, dialysis, and pre-LT diabetes ( P < 0.001 for all) are independently predictive of patient death and graft loss. Body mass index is not predictive. NASH patients undergoing simultaneous liver kidney have markedly worse 10-y patient and graft survival than liver-only (52.3% versus 62.1%). Graft loss was attributed to recurrence of NASH in <1% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: LT for NASH is associated with relatively poor long-term patient and graft survival when compared with patients transplanted for other indications, NASH patients undergoing simultaneous liver kidney have the worst long-term outcomes.