Corrigendum: A Double-Blind, Split-Face, Randomized Study on the Effects and Safety of Intradermal Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A 150 kD Neurotoxin in the Cheek.

This corrects the article on p. 442 in vol. 34, PMID: 36478426.

A Double-Blind, Split-Face, Randomized Study on the Effects and Safety of Intradermal Injection of Botulinum Toxin A (Incobotulinum Toxin A) in the Cheek.

BACKGROUND: Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) is used for cosmetic purposes without strong evidence for clinical use, as opposed to intramuscular injection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal injection of incobotulinum toxin A (iBTXA) in the cheeks. METHODS: We conducted a study with 18 volunteers who received intradermal injection of iBTXA into one cheek and normal saline into the contralateral side as a control. Volunteers visited the clinic at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 after injection. At each visit, pores and wrinkles were evaluated by a facial analyzer, sebum secretion by a sebumeter, skin texture by both volunteers and clinicians, and wrinkles of the nasolabial fold were graded with photographic reviews. RESULTS: There were no significant effects on the wrinkles of the infraorbital area and sebum secretion. However, there were significant improvements in the wrinkles of the nasolabial fold and skin texture on the iBTXA injected side. The effects on the wrinkles of the nasolabial fold lasted 12 weeks, and those on skin texture lasted 8 weeks. Improvement in the pore size was observed only at week 2. No serious adverse events were reported except one volunteer who complained of facial palsy after the injection of 30 units of iBTXA in one cheek. However, injection of 20 units of iBTXA in one cheek was not associated with any adverse events. CONCLUSION: Intradermal injection of iBTXA, could provide clinical benefits for skin texture and wrinkles overcoming the skin prick effect without obvious side effects.

Magnesium microneedle patches for under-eye wrinkles.

Microneedling is a common cosmetic procedure for improvement of wrinkles, acne, scars, and other conditions. Various microneedle (MN) patches have been developed as home care therapy for wrinkles and skin texture. Most of them are made of soluble and absorbable needles. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of non-absorbable magnesium (Mg) MN patches on under-eye wrinkles. A total of 20 subjects aged 27-58 years was enrolled in the study. The subjects applied Mg MN patches on the under-eye wrinkle area for 1-2 h every other night for 12 weeks. The evaluation comprised grading by clinicians, measuring the wrinkle index with a facial analyzer, and measuring the dermal thickness of the under-eye area with ultrasonography. Any adverse events and discomfort were addressed during the study. The application of Mg MN patches on under-eye areas showed improvements in under-eye grading scale, wrinkle index, and dermal thickness after 12 weeks. The mean grading scale significantly improved after 8 weeks of application (p < 0.01). The wrinkle index showed significant improvement after 12 weeks on the right under-eye area (p < 0.05). The dermal thickness of the under-eye area tended to increase, but no statistically significant changes were observed. Non-absorbable Mg MN patches can be used for under-eye wrinkles with minimal discomfort.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Prurigo Nodularis in 209 Patients: Clinicopathological Analysis between Atopic and Non-Atopic Patients and between Treatment Response Groups.

BACKGROUND: Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a highly pruritic disease that significantly impairs patient quality of life. Although the mechanism that causes pruritus is not clear, one hypothesis argues that neural hyperplasia, mast cell, and Merkel cell neurite complexes may be associated with PN pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze whether special staining outcomes differed depending on the presence of atopic dermatitis (AD) and treatment response. METHODS: A total of 209 patients diagnosed with PN was analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to presence or past history of AD and by treatment response. Histopathologic features were obtained using the following stains: Giemsa, S-100, neuron-specific enolase, cytokeratin (CK)-20, CAM5.2, and CK8/CK18. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients (60.29%) had AD, and 68 (32.54%) showed clinical improvement. There were no statistically significant differences in the staining results between the PN groups with AD (PN c AD) and without AD (PN s AD). Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in staining results between the improved and non-improved groups. CONCLUSION: Implementing the special stains helped to identify PN pathogenesis. Because there were no statistically significant differences in the special stain results between the improved and non-improved groups, we conclude that mast cell proliferation, neural hyperplasia, and Merkel cell hyperplasia may not have a significant effect on treatment response.

A Case Report of Multiple Capillary Hemangioma in a Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patient Taking Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

A capillary hemangioma is a vascular tumor with small capillary sized vascular channel. Multiple capillary hemangioma in relation with drugs have been rarely reported. Here in, we report a case of multiple capillary hemangioma in patient diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia who received tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Histopathological findings have shown capillary proliferation in the upper dermis, which is consistent with capillary hemangioma. Since TKIs can paradoxically activate the MEK/ERK pathway which is required for angiogenesis, we presumed that the lesions as the cutaneous side effects of TKIs.

Clinical characteristics and pathological depths of syringomas in 94 Korean patients.

BACKGROUND: Syringoma is a common benign tumor with eccrine origin that typically occurs on the face of middle-aged women. Laser ablation with CO2 laser or Er:YAG laser has been widely used in the clinical field, often leading to scars due to its deep location. This study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics and pathological depths of the lesions in syringoma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Syringoma patients, pathologically confirmed at Samsung medical center (Seoul, Korea) from January 1996 to March 2019, were analyzed. Clinical characteristics such as the location of lesion, age, and sex, and pathological depths of the lesions were investigated, and univariable and multivariable analyses were done for these factors. RESULTS: Of total 94 syringomas, 17.0% were located on periocular area, 10.6% on forehead, 34.0% on head and neck areas excluding periocular area and forehead, and 38.3% on trunk and extremities. The mean depth of syringoma from the surface including stratum corneum to the deepest stromal location was 1174.14 ± 1142.95 µm for periocular area, 1055.93 ± 247.76 µm for forehead, 1488.06 ± 1217.36 µm for other areas of head and neck including scalp, and 1169.53 ± 349.2 for the lesions located at trunk and extremities including external genitalia. No significant correlation was observed from univariable analysis and multivariable analysis by age, sex, and site of lesion. CONCLUSION: Our findings offer valuable information of the mean depth of syringoma at different sites, which can be taken into consideration for successful treatment without adverse events such as scarring.

Two Cases of Multiple Epidermolytic Acanthomas Mimicking Verruca Vulgaris.

Epidermolytic acanthoma (EA) is a rare benign tumor, which usually appears as a solitary small papule. However, there are a few case reports of multiple EA, most of which occurs on the genital area. Cases of multiple EA may mimic verruca vulgaris, condyloma accuminatum, seborrheic keratosis, and bowenoid papulosis, and therefore, can be easily misdiagnosed. A 78-year-old male presented with a 2-week history of discrete, small skin-colored papules around the anus. The other case involved a 47-year-old male with a 5-year history of skin-colored papules on the scrotum. Skin biopsy of both cases revealed a well-demarcated papular lesion characterized by compact hyperkeratosis, perinuclear vacuolization, and reticular degeneration in the granular and upper spinous layer with coarse basophilic keratohyalin granules. Epidermal invagination was consistent with a cup-shaped type of EA. Both cases tested negative for human papillomavirus. We report typical cases of multiple EA, which should be considered as the differential diagnosis of small skin-colored papules in the anogenital area, to prevent the misdiagnosis.