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Background and Objectives: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a widely accepted treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Regarding TACE, arterial injuries, such as hepatic artery spasm or dissection, can also occur, although pseudoaneurysms are rare. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm following TACE. Materials and Methods: A 78-year-old man had been undergoing TACE for HCC in segment 8 of the liver for the past 5 years, with the most recent TACE procedure performed approximately 1 month prior. He presented to the emergency department with melena that persisted for 5 days. Computed tomography revealed a pseudoaneurysm in the S8 hepatic artery with hemobilia. Results: the pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated by N-Butyl-cyanoacrylate glue embolization. Conclusions: In patients that have undergone TACE presenting with melena and hemobilia identified on CT, consideration of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm is crucial. Such cases can be safely and effectively treated with endovascular managements.
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Falso Aneurisma , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Quimioembolização Terapêutica , Artéria Hepática , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Falso Aneurisma/terapia , Falso Aneurisma/etiologia , Masculino , Idoso , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/métodos , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Hemobilia/etiologia , Hemobilia/terapiaRESUMO
Orthotopic liver transplantation has become the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage liver disease. Various early or delayed vascular complications, including arterial pseudoaneurysm, thrombosis, or stenosis, and venous stenosis or occlusion, may lead to graft failure. Early detection and prompt management of such complications are essential to achieve successful transplantation and prevent the need for retransplantation. This report presents differentiating points, using computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography findings and measurement of pressure gradient across the stenotic lesion, that require immediate intervention in patients with inferior vena cava stenosis after orthotopic liver transplantation.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis associated with peritoneal seeding after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for HCC, focusing on viable tumors after previous locoregional treatment, including TACE and RFA. METHODS: Exactly 290 patients (mean age, 67.9 years ± 9.74; 223 men) with 383 HCCs (mean size, 15.9 mm ± 5.49) who underwent RFA between June 2012 and December 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Among them, 158 had history of previous treatment (mean number, 1.3 ± 1.8) with 109 viable HCCs. Cumulative seeding after RFA was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Independent factors affecting seeding were investigated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 1175 days (range: 28-4116). Seeding incidence was 4.1 (12/290) and 4.7% (17/383) per patient and tumor, respectively. The median time interval between RFA and detection of seeding was 785 days (range: 81-1961). Independent risk factors for seeding included subcapsular tumor location (hazard ratio [HR] 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 13.0; p = 0.012) and RFA for viable HCC after previous locoregional treatment (HR 4.5; 95% CI 1.7, 12.3; p = 0.003). Subgroup analysis for viable tumors, revealed no significant difference in cumulative seeding rates between the TACE and RFA groups (p = 0.078). Cumulative overall survival rates differed significantly between patients with and without seeding metastases (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Peritoneal seeding after RFA is a rare, delayed complication. Subcapsular-located and viable HCC after previous locoregional treatment are potential risk factors for seeding. Seeding metastases could affect the prognosis of patients who cannot receive local therapy.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Ablação por Cateter , Quimioembolização Terapêutica , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Ablação por Radiofrequência , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/métodosRESUMO
Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt (IPSVS) is a rare vascular abnormality that involves abnormal communication between the intrahepatic portal vein and systemic veins, such as the hepatic vein or inferior vena cava. Patients with IPSVS are typically asymptomatic, and IPSVS is incidentally discovered via imaging while evaluating other diseases. However, endovascular closure of the shunt should be considered in symptomatic patients with a high-flow shunt. This report presents a patient with congenital IPSVS with sudden onset hepatic encephalopathy treated using percutaneous transhepatic embolization.
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Simple renal cysts are the most common masses in the kidney. Most are asymptomatic and are incidentally detected on imaging examinations performed for other reasons. This study aimed to compare the results of 40 and 120 minutes ethanol sclerotherapies that were performed in a single session to treat incidentally found simple renal cysts. We retrospectively reviewed 63 renal cysts in 62 patients treated by single session percutaneous ethanol sclerotherapy. Thirty-one patients with 32 cysts underwent a 40 minutes sclerotherapy (group A), and 31 patients with 31 cysts underwent a 120 minutes retention technique (group B). Under ultrasonographic and fluoroscopic guidance, cystic fluid was completely aspirated, and 50% of the aspirated volume was replaced with 99.5% ethanol (a maximum of 100 mL). Imaging follow-up of the patients was performed 3 months after sclerotherapy. The technical success rates were 100% in both groups. Eighteen patients (29.0%) were symptomatic (flank pain or discomfort). Indications of the other patients were large cysts (>5 cm; 46%) and an increment in the diameter on serial studies (25.4%). A significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of age, cyst diameter, volume of aspirated fluid, volume of injected ethanol, and percentage of reduction in cyst diameter (Pâ >â .05) was not found. After treatment, flank pain or discomfort resolved in 17 of 18 (94.4%) symptomatic patients. One patient complained of persistent flank pain; however, no significant abnormality was detected on post-procedural computed tomography images. There were no other complications after therapy in the 2 groups. Single session ethanol sclerotherapy with a 40 minutes retention technique is an effective, safe, and cost-effective method for the treatment of incidentally found simple renal cysts. Although the procedural time was reduced, there was no significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between the 40 and 120 minutes therapies.
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Cistos , Doenças Renais Císticas , Humanos , Escleroterapia/métodos , Etanol/uso terapêutico , Soluções Esclerosantes/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dor no Flanco/etiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Doenças Renais Císticas/terapia , Doenças Renais Císticas/tratamento farmacológico , Cistos/terapia , Cistos/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Background and Objectives: Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms are rare visceral artery aneurysms. Interventional treatments, including transcatheter embolization, have an acceptable success rate. We report a case of ruptured pancreaticoduodenal aneurysm that was successfully treated with percutaneous N-Butyl-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) embolization after failed transcatheter embolization. Materials and Methods: A 53-year-old man presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a ruptured aneurysm in the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA) with retrohemoperitoneum. The patient underwent percutaneous NBCA embolization after transcatheter embolization failure. Results: On CT, the pancreaticoduodenal aneurysm was completely embolized. No additional bleeding events occurred. Conclusions: Percutaneous NBCA embolization is safe and effective for treating patients with ruptured pancreaticoduodenal aneurysms after failed transcatheter embolization.
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Aneurisma Roto , Embolização Terapêutica , Embucrilato , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Embucrilato/uso terapêutico , Aneurisma Roto/complicações , Aneurisma Roto/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Pâncreas , ArtériasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare a deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) algorithm for pediatric abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) with filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Post-contrast abdominopelvic CT scans obtained from 120 pediatric patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 8.7 ± 5.2 years; 60 males) between May 2020 and October 2020 were evaluated in this retrospective study. Images were reconstructed using FBP, a hybrid IR algorithm (ASiR-V) with blending factors of 50% and 100% (AV50 and AV100, respectively), and a DLR algorithm (TrueFidelity) with three strength levels (low, medium, and high). Noise power spectrum (NPS) and edge rise distance (ERD) were used to evaluate noise characteristics and spatial resolution, respectively. Image noise, edge definition, overall image quality, lesion detectability and conspicuity, and artifacts were qualitatively scored by two pediatric radiologists, and the scores of the two reviewers were averaged. A repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to compare NPS and ERD among the six reconstruction methods. The Friedman rank sum test followed by the Nemenyi-Wilcoxon-Wilcox all-pairs test was used to compare the results of the qualitative visual analysis among the six reconstruction methods. RESULTS: The NPS noise magnitude of AV100 was significantly lower than that of the DLR, whereas the NPS peak of AV100 was significantly higher than that of the high- and medium-strength DLR (p < 0.001). The NPS average spatial frequencies were higher for DLR than for ASiR-V (p < 0.001). ERD was shorter with DLR than with ASiR-V and FBP (p < 0.001). Qualitative visual analysis revealed better overall image quality with high-strength DLR than with ASiR-V (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: For pediatric abdominopelvic CT, the DLR algorithm may provide improved noise characteristics and better spatial resolution than the hybrid IR algorithm.
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Aprendizado Profundo , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador , Adolescente , Algoritmos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Masculino , Doses de Radiação , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Surgeons generally perform Hickman catheter insertion in children under general anesthesia. At times, it is difficult to perform procedures with an anesthesiologist for an interventional radiologist. Several diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are efficiently and safely conducted using intravenous (IV) sedation in children with a pediatrician. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiologically placed Hickman catheters using IV sedation in children under 20âkg.Fifty-nine catheters were inserted in 45 children under IV sedation. With continuous monitoring of vital signs, IV midazolam and ketamine were slowly infused by a pediatrician. Mean age and body weights were 3.2âyears and 15.2âkg, respectively. Acute leukemia was the most common disease for the procedure (72.9%). The location of the catheter tip was evaluated by measuring the height of the thoracic vertebra.Technical success rate was 100%, and IV sedation-related complications did not occur. The right internal jugular vein was accessed for 51 catheters (86.4%), and the mean procedure time was 21.5 minutes. The 2 vertebral body units below the carina were the cavoatrial junction on a fluoroscopy image. Mean catheter life was 285âdays, and catheters were removed post-treatment (35.6%). During follow-up, complications occurred in 29 cases (1.72 per 1000 catheter-days). Catheter-related infections were suspected in 4 patients (6.8%), with 1 positive result.Radiological Hickman catheter placement in children under 20âkg using IV sedation by pediatricians is effective and safe, with minimal complications. The carina is a landmark to estimate the cavoatrial junction in pediatric patients.
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Anestesia , Cateterismo Venoso Central , Cateteres Venosos Centrais , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Cateteres de Demora , Criança , Humanos , Veias JugularesRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the embolic effect of fish-derived gelatin microparticles (GMPs) and compare the degradation periods and biocompatibilities of different molecular weight (MW) GMPs in a rabbit model. METHODS: GMPs were designed to degrade within 21 days (high MW GMP, 15-30 kDa) and 2 days (low MW GMP, 5-15 kDa) in vivo. Renal arteries of 24 rabbits were embolized using both high and low MW GMPs (155-350 µm). Rabbits were sacrificed either immediately after embolization, or after follow-up (F/U) angiogram on days 2 and 21 of embolization, respectively (4 rabbits in each of the 6 subgroups). Pathological changes of recanalized vessels were evaluated using the Banff classification. For the in vitro study, each type of GMP was mixed with normal saline and morphological changes were compared for 14 days. RESULTS: Fish-derived GMPs showed effective embolization. On 2-day F/U angiography, occluded vessels were more recanalized to the peripheral branches in low MW group. On day 21, a parenchymal perfusion defect recovered to a greater extent in low MW group than that in high MW group. Mean Banff scores for intimal arteritis on 2-day F/U and interstitial fibrosis on 21-day F/U were higher in high MW group (1.75 ± 0.58 vs. 0.19 ± 0.4 and 2.56 ± 0.63 vs. 0.88 ± 0.89; P < .001). On in vitro assessment, low MW GMP lost the spherical shape and degraded, and was invisible on microscopy on day 6, whereas high MW GMP was only partially degraded after 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Fish-derived GMPs showed effective embolization in a rabbit model. Low MW GMPs degraded within 2 days with a low inflammatory response.
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Embolização Terapêutica , Gelatina , Animais , Rim , Peso Molecular , Coelhos , Artéria Renal/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Fistulas between the arteries and the gastrointestinal tract are rare but can be fatal. We present a case of an ilioenteric fistula between the left external iliac artery and sigmoid colon caused by radiotherapy for cervical cancer, which was treated with endovascular management using a stent graft. A 38-year-old woman underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer recurrence. Approximately 9 months later, the patient suddenly developed hematochezia. On her first visit to the emergency room of our hospital, computed tomography (CT) images did not reveal extravasation of contrast media. However, 8 hours later, she revisited the emergency room because of massive hematochezia with a blood pressure of 40/20 mmHg and a heart rate of 150 beats per minute. At that time, CT images showed the presence of contrast media in almost the entire colon. The patient was referred to the angiography room at our hospital for emergency angiography. Inferior mesenteric arteriography did not reveal any source of bleeding. Pelvic arteriography showed contrast media extravasation from the left external iliac artery to the sigmoid colon; this was diagnosed as an ilioenteric fistula and treated with a stent graft. When the bleeding focus is not detected on visceral angiography despite massive arterial bleeding, pelvic arteriography is recommended, especially in patients with a history of pelvic surgery or radiotherapy.
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RATIONALE: Most gastric varices at the fundus drain into the left renal vein via the gastrorenal shunt (80-85% of cases) or the inferior vena cava via the gastrocaval shunt (10-15%). Therefore, plug-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration (PARTO) is usually performed via a gastrorenal shunt. Here, we report a case of gastric varix treated with PARTO via a gastrocaval shunt. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 46-year-old woman with hepatitis B virus and liver cirrhosis visited the emergency room in our hospital with the main symptom of hematemesis and hematochezia. DIAGNOSES: Endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) revealed a gastric varix and thrombotic-occluded transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) stent. INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent PARTO via a gastrocaval shunt to manage gastric variceal bleeding after failed TIPS revision. OUTCOMES: On CT, the gastric varix completely disappeared. The patient did not experience any additional bleeding events. LESSONS: PARTO via a gastrocaval shunt is safe and effective.
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Oclusão com Balão , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/cirurgia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/complicações , Feminino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Hematemese , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare histiocytic proliferation of unknown etiology commonly found in children and adolescents. The common manifestation of RDD is massive and painless bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy with extranodal disease. While extranodal involvement in RDD is common, the spleen is an infrequent site of disease. CASE SUMMARY: We report a 10-mo-old female infant with RDD presenting multiple splenic masses without cervical lymphadenopathy. She had fever, and blood tests showed leukocytosis, anemia, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance images demonstrated multiple splenic masses. Despite antibiotic therapy, her symptoms were not relived. She underwent diagnostic splenectomy and was discharged with recovery. CONCLUSION: In pediatric patients with refractory infectious symptoms or hematological abnormalities, clinicians should suspect RDD, even in patients without significant lymphadenopathy.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether routine insertion of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) at admission to a hospice-palliative care (HPC) unit is acceptable in terms of safety and efficacy and whether it results in superior patient satisfaction compared to usual intravenous (IV) access. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Terminally ill cancer patients were randomly assigned to two arms: routine PICC access and usual IV access arm. The primary endpoint was IV maintenance success rate, defined as the rate of functional IV maintenance until the intended time (discharge, transfer, or death). RESULTS: A total of 66 terminally ill cancer patients were enrolled and randomized to study arms. Among them, 57 patients (routine PICC, 29; usual IV, 28) were analyzed. In the routine PICC arm, mean time to PICC was 0.84 days (range, 0 to 3 days), 27 patients maintained PICC with function until the intended time. In the usual IV arm, 11 patients maintained peripheral IV access until the intended time, and 15 patients underwent PICC insertion. The IV maintenance success rate in the routine PICC arm (27/29, 93.1%) was similar to that in the usual IV arm (26/28, 92.8%, p=0.958). Patient satisfaction at day 5 was better in the routine PICC arm (97%, 'a little comfort' or 'much comfort') compared with the usual IV arm (21%) (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: Routine PICC insertion in terminally ill cancer patients was comparable in safety and efficacy and resulted in superior satisfaction compared with usual IV access. Thus, routine PICC insertion could be considered at admission to the HPC unit.
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Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Cateterismo Periférico/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Assistência Terminal/métodos , Administração Intravenosa/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cateterismo Periférico/psicologia , Cateterismo Periférico/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Hospitais para Doentes Terminais/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/psicologia , Cuidados Paliativos/psicologia , Cuidados Paliativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Assistência Terminal/psicologia , Assistência Terminal/estatística & dados numéricos , Doente Terminal/psicologia , Doente Terminal/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Heterotopic ossification (HO) around the hip joint is not uncommon following neurological injury. Often, surgical treatment is performed in patients with restricted motion and/or refractory pain due to grade III or IV HO according to Brooker classification. The major complication that occurs as a result of surgical HO removal is perioperative bleeding due to hyper-vascularization of the lesion. Here, we report a case of preoperative embolization in a 51-year-old male patient presenting with restricted bilateral hip range of motion (ROM) due to HO following a spinal cord injury. In the right hip without preoperative arterial embolization, massive bleeding occurred during surgical removal of HO. Thus, the patient received a transfusion postoperatively due to decreased serum hemoglobin levels. For surgery of the left hip, preoperative embolization of the arteries supplying HO was performed. Surgical treatment was completed without bleeding complications, and the patient recovered without a postoperative transfusion. This case highlights that, while completing surgical removal for ROM improvements, orthopedic surgeons should consider preoperative arterial embolization in patients with hip HO.
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BACKGROUND: Hepatic venous outflow is important for graft survival in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). If hepatic venous outflow obstruction occurs, hepatic vein stenting is considered to restore the patency. PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and patency of primary hepatic vein stenting for hepatic venous outflow obstruction (HVOO) after LDLT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Percutaneous interventions, including hepatic vein stent placement with or without balloon angioplasty, were performed in 21 patients who had undergone LDLT and had HVOO confirmed through hepatic venography or manometry, including the patients who had a structural abnormality. Two stents each were inserted in four patients; therefore, the total number of treated anastomoses was 25. Technical success, patency rates, and pressure gradients between hepatic veins and the right atrium were evaluated in 19 patients each. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 25 of 26 vessels (96%). The mean interval between operation and stenting was 43 days. After the procedure, the follow-up period was a mean 530 days. The mean pressure gradient decreased from 8.5 mmHg to 2.1 mmHg after treatment (P < 0.01). The patency rates of the 25 vessels were 80% at 1, 2, and 3 years after stent placement. However, middle hepatic vein stenting revealed a low patency rate (all were 36%). Three of seven stents (43%) in the middle hepatic vein occluded during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous primary hepatic vein stent replacement is an effective treatment for HVOO after LDLT.
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Síndrome de Budd-Chiari/etiologia , Síndrome de Budd-Chiari/cirurgia , Rejeição de Enxerto/etiologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Stents , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Doadores Vivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Grau de Desobstrução VascularRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate portal vein (PV) stenosis and stent patency after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, using abdominal computed tomography (CT). METHODS: Percutaneous portal venous stenting was attempted in 22 patients with significant PV stenosis (> 50%) - after hepatobiliary or pancreatic surgery - diagnosed by abdominal CT. Stents were placed in various stenotic lesions after percutaneous transhepatic portography. Pressure gradient across the stenotic segment was measured in 14 patients. Stents were placed when the pressure gradient across the stenotic segment was > 5 mmHg or PV stenosis was > 50%, as observed on transhepatic portography. Patients underwent follow-up abdominal CT and technical and clinical success, complications, and stent patency were evaluated. RESULTS: Stent placement was successful in 21 patients (technical success rate: 95.5%). Stents were positioned through the main PV and superior mesenteric vein (n = 13), main PV (n = 2), right and main PV (n = 1), left and main PV (n = 4), or main PV and splenic vein (n = 1). Patients showed no complications after stent placement. The time between procedure and final follow-up CT was 41-761 d (mean: 374.5 d). Twenty stents remained patent during the entire follow-up. Stent obstruction - caused by invasion of the PV stent by a recurrent tumor - was observed in 1 patient in a follow-up CT performed after 155 d after the procedure. The cumulative stent patency rate was 95.7%. Small in-stent low-density areas were found in 11 (55%) patients; however, during successive follow-up CT, the extent of these areas had decreased. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous transhepatic stent placement can be safe and effective in cases of PV stenosis after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. Stents show excellent patency in follow-up abdominal CT, despite development of small in-stent low-density areas.