Effects of dietary supplementation with purple garlic powder and oregano essential oil on intestinal health in post-weaning piglets from commercial farms.

This work studied the effects of the inclusion of Purple Garlic Powder (PGP) and Oregano Essential Oil (OEO) in the feed, at different doses and combinations, on intestinal health and the growth performance of 140 and 3000 piglets, respectively, weaned at 21 days of age. Seven dietary treatments were used: a negative control group (basal diet), a positive control group with ZnO (3000 mg/Kg of feed), two groups with OEO at 0.4% and 1.2% respectively, two groups with PGP at 0.4% and 2% respectively and one group with OEO at 1.2% combined with PGP at 2%. Only the positive control group received ZnO in the diet. Each group of piglets received the treatment for seven weeks, from weaning, and were later sacrificed to obtain jejunum and ileum samples for counting of goblet cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and IgA-producing cells. The growth performance were measured at the beginning and at the end of the seven weeks. In jejunum and ileum, the number of goblet cells increased in the groups with ZnO, PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and PGP 2% + OEO 1.2%, presenting significant differences with the rest of the groups. The results obtained for the intraepithelial lymphocyte count were in line with those obtained for the count of goblet cells. Regarding IgA-producing cells, the groups that showed significantly favourable results in the jejunum and ileum were OEO 1.2%, PGP 2% and their combination, but the groups that showed the most similar means to ZnO were the OEO 0.4% and the PGP 0.4%. Regarding the growth performance, PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and their combination had similar results to ZnO. The intestinal health of piglets could be improved, without harming the growth performance, by means of the supplementation of PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and PGP 2% + OEO 1.2% offering a natural alternative to the use of ZnO.

Economic growth and global warming effects on electricity consumption in Spain: a sectoral study.

This paper analyzes the effect of certain factors on electricity consumption in Spain at a sectoral level. An electricity consumption function has been estimated by using panel data, depending on gross value added (GVA), temperatures, capitalization, and human capital. This function is obtained for total productive electricity consumption and for the agricultural, construction, industrial, service, and public administration sectors, referring to the 17 Autonomous Communities of Spain for the 2000-2013 period. The obtained results show important sectoral differences in the effect that GVA has on electricity consumption, indicating a positive and increasing effect of temperatures above 22 °C in the total economy and in the tertiary sector, and a negative effect of temperatures below 18 °C in some sectors. These results may indicate that global warming may induce an electricity demand growth in Spain, especially related to cooling needs. The results also highlight the positive effects of capitalization in all sectors, and the negative effects of human capital, except for the public administration sector. In this context, it may be appropriate to carry out policies that mitigate this consumption growth, reinforcing energy efficiency measures, and human capital investments.

Oregano Essential Oil and Purple Garlic Powder Effects on Intestinal Health, Microbiota Indicators and Antimicrobial Resistance as Feed Additives in Weaning Piglets.

Finding alternatives to zinc oxide is a pressing issue for the pig production sector. We studied the impact of the bioactive components degradation of oregano essential oil (OEO) and purple garlic powder (PGP) during storage in silos, their effect on the morphometry of the jejunum and ileum and the cecal microbiota as intestinal health indicators in piglets during the post-weaning period. We also monitored antimicrobial resistance in the commensal indicator E. coli. Histological parameters and intestinal microbiota were measured in 140 piglets weaned at 21 days of age. Seven dietary treatments were used: a negative control group (basal diet), a positive control group with ZnO (3000 mg/kg of food), two groups with OEO at 0.4% and 1.2%, respectively, two groups with PGP 0.4% and 2%, respectively, and a group with OEO with 1.2% combined with PGP with 2%. Each group of piglets received the treatment for seven weeks, from weaning, before samples were taken. Antibiotic resistance profiles were measured in 81 E. coli strains. On this occasion, only the control groups, ZnO, OEO 1.2%, PGP 2% and OEO 1.2% + PGP 2% were used, and the samples were obtained from the cecal content. A progressive loss of the bioactive components of OEO and PGP was observed during the 34 days of storage (p < 0.05). PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and their combination showed results similar to ZnO (p > 0.05), or superior in the study of intestinal morphometry and the values of E. coli and Lactobacillus. All categories showed high levels of resistance. Only the strains isolated from the OEO 1.2% group did not show resistance to colistin and presented the lowest resistance values. In general, high doses of the additives studied showed the best results, obtaining levels like or higher than those offered by ZnO.

[Evaluation of a clinical orientation Call Center during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic]. / Evaluación de un call center de orientación clínica durante los primeros meses de pandemia COVID-19: capacidad de resolución de los llamados.

BACKGROUND: During sanitary emergencies such as the recent pandemic, health services can collapse. In these cases, remote orientation services such as call centers may help to debottleneck these services. AIM: To assess the demand and problem resolution of a clinical guidance telephone service during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The call registry between May and August 2020 of an orientation call center for COVID-19 was analyzed. The number of calls, sociodemographic features of callers, type of enquiry and given indications were described. RESULTS: We analyzed 1,278 telephone calls, corresponding to 655 people. Sixty nine percent of queries were resolved during the call and in 31% of calls, users were referred to face-to-face evaluation. Two percent of these referrals were to an emergency service. CONCLUSIONS: The call center had a high level of resolution, favoring remote consultation and reducing face-to-face care, improving users'accessibility.

Evaluación de un call center de orientación clínica durante los primeros meses de pandemia COVID-19: capacidad de resolución de los llamados / Evaluation of a clinical orientation Call Center during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND: During sanitary emergencies such as the recent pandemic, health services can collapse. In these cases, remote orientation services such as call centers may help to debottleneck these services. AIM: To assess the demand and problem resolution of a clinical guidance telephone service during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: The call registry between May and August 2020 of an orientation call center for COVID-19 was analyzed. The number of calls, sociodemographic features of callers, type of enquiry and given indications were described. RESULTS: We analyzed 1,278 telephone calls, corresponding to 655 people. Sixty nine percent of queries were resolved during the call and in 31% of calls, users were referred to face-to-face evaluation. Two percent of these referrals were to an emergency service. Conclusions: The call center had a high level of resolution, favoring remote consultation and reducing face-to-face care, improving users'accessibility.

Allogeneic Cellular Therapy in a Mature Tooth with Apical Periodontitis and Accidental Root Perforation: A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Cell therapy in regenerative endodontics introduces an alternative option to classic treatment strategies for complex endodontic cases. The aim of this case report was to describe cell-based therapy using allogeneic umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) encapsulated in a bioscaffold for a complex case of a mature permanent tooth with apical periodontitis and accidental root perforation. METHODS: A healthy 19-year-old man undergoing orthodontic treatment was referred for endodontic treatment in tooth #7; he was diagnosed with apical periodontitis during a previously initiated treatment associated with accidental perforation of the radicular cervical third. The root perforation was sealed with glass ionomer and composite resin, and the root canal was instrumented, disinfected, and dressed with calcium hydroxide. After 3 weeks, allogeneic UC-MSCs were encapsulated in platelet-poor plasma and then implanted into the root canal, and Biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses, France) was placed below the cementoenamel junction. Finally, the tooth was restored with composite resin. RESULTS: Follow-up examinations were performed 6 months and 1 year later. The examinations included periapical radiography, cone-beam computed tomographic imaging, and sensitivity and vitality tests. Radiographic and cone-beam computed tomographic images indicated remission of the apical lesion. Clinical evaluations revealed normal responses to percussion and palpation tests; the tooth was responsive to the electric pulp test, and the vitality test indicated low blood perfusion units. CONCLUSIONS: This case report reveals the potential use of allogeneic cellular therapy using encapsulated UC-MSCS in a platelet-poor plasma scaffold for a complex case of a permanent tooth with apical periodontitis and root perforation.

Physical and Tactical Demands of the Goalkeeper in Football in Different Small-Sided Games.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have examined the differences between the different small-sided game (SSG) formats. However, only one study has analysed how the different variables that define SSGs can modify the goalkeeper's behavior. The aim of the present study was to analyze how the modification of the pitch size in SSGs affects the physical demands of the goalkeepers. METHODS: Three professional male football goalkeepers participated in this study. Three different SSG were analysed (62 m × 44 m for a large pitch; 50 m × 35 m for a medium pitch and 32 m × 23 m for a small pitch). Positional data of each goalkeeper was gathered using an 18.18 Hz global positioning system. The data gathered was used to compute players' spatial exploration index, standard ellipse area, prediction ellipse area The distance covered, distance covered in different intensities and accelerations/decelerations were used to assess the players' physical performance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There were differences between small and large SSGs in relation to the distances covered at different intensities and pitch exploration. Intensities were lower when the pitch size was larger. Besides that, the pitch exploration variables increased along with the increment of the pitch size.

Effect of Pitch Size on Technical-Tactical Actions of the Goalkeeper in Small-Sided Games.

The aim of this paper was to determine how the size of the pitch affected technical and tactical actions of the goalkeeper when playing small-sided games. The participants were 13 male youth players, including 3 goalkeepers. Three different pitch sizes were used (62 x 44 m; 50 x 35 m; 32 x 23 m). On each pitch, the players played three matches of 8 minutes, with 5-minute breaks between matches. Numerous variables were recorded and examined: defensive and offensive technical and tactical actions, opponent's shooting zone, length and zone of the offensive action, and goal zone where the shoot was directed. An ad hoc observational tool was used. A descriptive analysis was described. The Fisher's exact test was used when the expected distribution was below 5 or included values below 1%. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The results showed that the technical-tactical actions of the goalkeeper differed among pitch sizes. In defensive actions, when the pitch was larger, the 1-on-1 situations took precedence, whereas when the pitch was smaller, the proportion of blocks increased. In offensive actions, the goalkeepers did not show a wide variety of actions when the pitch was larger, but when the pitch was smaller, passes with a hand or foot increased. These results show that the size should be taken into account when planning and designing tasks.

Use of an Off-the-Shelf Corporate Information Tool to Track a High-Level-Disinfection Process.

High-Level Disinfection (HLD) of endoscopic equipment is a critical process to ensure patient safety. Although commercial tracking software is available, here we demonstrate the successful design and implementation of a HLD tracking system using pre-existing corporate information tools. After a brief development and implementation stage, the HLD unit is successfully tracking the process and are able to create simple visualizations to monitor and improve the existing procedures.

Histerectomía: la experiencia de no tener útero para un grupo de mujeres chilenas / Meaning that hysterectomy has by a group of hysterectomized Chilean women

Antecedentes: El útero ha sido descrito como un símbolo de femineidad, sexualidad y reproducción por lo que su extracción conlleva una serie de significados para la mujer. Objetivo: Describir el significado de la histerectomía para un grupo de mujeres sometidas a esta cirugía. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado en 52 mujeres histerectomizadas. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizaron entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales. Resultados: Se identificaron 6 dimensiones: síntomas previos, alivio de no tener útero, mitos y creencias, significado del útero y de la cirugía, miedo y sexualidad. Considerar a la histerectomía solamente como tratamiento de una enfermedad sería una visión sesgada de la realidad que vive la mujer, y por lo tanto, alejada de las necesidades que ellas y sus parejas tienen. Conclusión: Los profesionales que intervienen a la mujer deben comprender el proceso complejo que significa para ella asumirse como mujer histerectomizada...

Background: The uterus has been described as a feminine symbol, sexuality and reproduction, therefore the hysterectomy has a multiple meaning by the woman. Aims: To describe the meaning that hysterectomy has by a group of hysterectomized women. Method: Qualitative study with 52 hysterectomized women. By the data collection interviews and focus group was used. Results: It were identified 6 dimensions: previous symptoms, sense of wellness of not having uterus, beliefs and myths, the meaning of uterus and surgery, fear and sexuality. Hysterectomy only like a disease solution would be and slanted vision about the reality that the woman live, and therefore moved away of the needs that they and their partners have. Conclusion: The health care professionals must understand the complex process that means her to assume herself like hysterectomized woman...

Sexualidad en mujeres histerectomizadas / Sexuality in hysterectomized women

La Histerectomía es la segunda cirugía ginecológica más frecuente en el mundo. Su principal indicación es por patología benigna. Este procedimiento quirúrgico produce impacto en la sexualidad de la mujer, que necesitan ser evaluadas. Se propone realizar revisión sistemática de evidencia con el objetivo de conocer la sexualidad de las mujeres histerectomizadas por patología benigna Se consultan bases de datos científicas, seleccionándose investigaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas publicadas en los últimos años. Los resultados muestran que tanto el tipo como e/ abordaje de la histerectomía, parecen no repercutir de forma directa en la sexualidad. Las mujeres que se someten al procedimiento refieren experimentar mayoritariamente cambios positivos. Sin embargo, la ooferectomía, independiente del tipo o abordaje utilizados, resulta perjudicial posterior a la cirugía. La pareja juega un rol determinante en el proceso de toma de decisión, así como en la sexualidad posterior al procedimiento. Es necesario elaborar estudios chilenos respecto a/ tema, de modo de acercar los resultados a la realidad del país. Por otro lado, es fundamental capacitar al personal de salud respecto a la relevancia de la histerectomía y sus repercusiones, así como estimular al profesional de enfermería a desarrollar programas psicoeducativos para estas mujeres y sus parejas.

Hysterectomy is the second most common gynecological surgery in the world. Its main use is for benign disease. The impact associated with this surgical procedure in the sexuality of women, determined to be necessary to assess the impact in this area. OBJECTIVE: to determine the sexuality of women undergoing hysterectomy for benign disease, identify the various factors that influence in decision making and the role attributed to the couple. METHODOLOGY: was consulted scientific databases, selecting studies published in the last years. RESULTS: both type and the approach to hysterectomy appear to have a direct effect on sexuality. Women who undergo the procedure referred mostly positive experience. However, oophorectomy, regardless of the type or approach used, is detrimental after surgery. The pair plays a decisive role in the decision making process as well as in sexuality after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: it is necessary to promote the development of Chilean studies on the subject, so as to bring the results to the reality of the country. On the other hand, it is essential to train health personnel regarding the relevance of hysterectomy and its impact and to encourage nursing professionals to develop psychoeducational programs for these women and their partners.