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INTRODUCTION: Anal cancer is a rare pathology which has increased over the last few decades, and, therefore, gained importance for the quality of life of affected individuals. Thus, a review has been conducted in the Colombian coffee region (Departments of Caldas, Quindío y Risaralda) describing its behaviour and clinical-epidemiological profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive review of 437 patients of Western SAS Oncologists between January 2000 and December 2019 with a diagnosis of anal cancer. RESULTS: 62% of cases presented in women with a median age of 62 years, 30% in the sixth decade; centred at 65% in three main cities designated as capitals (Manizales, Pereira and Armenia); 62% as localised disease, with 40% stage II-A and 6% as initial metastasis; 29% presented positive ganglia, particularly N1a; squamous cell or epidermoid histology in 90%; 16% poorly differentiated; 5% related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection; localisation in the medial area of the anal canal in 63% of cases; 83% completed treatment, and 92% of them received chemotherapy/radiation therapy with 87% based on the Nigro protocol; finally, 11% presented with relapse in the liver in 10% of cases and 55% local. CONCLUSION: Four hundred and thirty-seven patients evaluated over 20 years with follow up at median 34.13 months (standard deviation 41.75) with median survival at later ages decreasing to 62% in patients older than 80 years, and differences in survival in localised disease at 78% in comparison to 46% in advanced metastasis. Finally, the overall 5-year survival rate is 69% with a median survival of 191 months in the study.
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Abstract Introduction: glioblastoma multiforme is considered to be highly lethal, for which the optimal duration of adjuvant temozolamide chemotherapy has not been determined. Objective: to evaluate survival according to the length of adjuvant chemotherapy based on the standard Stupp platform protocol. Materials and methods: a retrospective cohort analysis of 299 high-grade central nervous system tumors seen at Oncólogos del Occidente, focused solely on glioblastoma multiforme, according to clinical, treatment and outcome variables. Results: one hundred ninety-three patients with glioblastoma; 84 (44%) received standard Stupp platform treatment; mean age 54 years; 55% males; mean tumor size 28,793 mm2; 48% right hemisphere; 21% crossed the midline; 33% had seizures and 42% neurological deficit; 55% Karnofsky less than 70% and 66% RPA IV classification; 77% received radiation with 60.00 Gy or more; 19% had complications; 79% partial resection and 12% total resection; 77% relapsed; at closure, 57% were alive, global survival of 26% and mean of 26 months, with a difference of 31 months for adjuvance of <or> 6 months and 30 months for adjuvance of <or> 12 months, without reaching a median in the 18 and 24 month groups, all of them favoring the group with the longest time. Conclusion: a clear increase in survival is shown with adjuvant temozolamide for periods longer than six months, as well as a tendency towards better results with increased duration of adjuvance.
Resumen Introducción: el glioblastoma multiforme se considera altamente letal, donde la duración óptima de quimioterapia adyuvante con base en temozolamide no ha sido definida. Objetivo: evaluar la sobrevida según la duración de quimioterapia adyuvante basada en el esquema estándar de plataforma Stupp. Material y métodos: análisis de cohorte retrospectiva de 299 tumores del sistema nervioso central de alto grado, valorados en Oncólogos del Occidente enfocado sólo a glioblastoma multiforme según variables clínicas, terapéuticas y de resultados. Resultados: ciento noventa y tres pacientes con glioblastoma, 84 (44%) recibieron manejo estándar tipo plataforma Stupp; edad media 54 años; hombres 55%; tamaño tumoral medio 28.79 mm2; hemisferio derecho 48%; 21% cruzaban línea media; 33% presentaron convulsiones y 42% déficit neurológico; 55% Karnofsky menor a 70% y 66% clasificación RPA IV; 77% recibieron radioterapia con 60.00 Gys o mayor; 19% presentaron complicaciones; resección parcial 79% y 12% total; 77% recayeron; al cierre 57% se encontraban vivos, sobrevida global de 26% y media de 26 meses con diferencia de 31 meses para adyuvancia en <o> a 6 meses y 30 meses en adyuvancia <o> a 12 meses sin alcanzar mediana en los grupos <o> de 18 y 24 meses favoreciendo en todos al grupo de mayor tiempo. Conclusión: se demuestra aumento claro en la sobrevida con el empleo de temozolamide adyuvante por periodos mayores a seis meses y una tendencia a mejores resultados mientras mayor sea el tiempo de adyuvancia.
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central , Glioblastoma , Sistema Nervoso Central , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Sobrevivência , NeoplasiasRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Ha sido sugerido que los cánceres del lado derecho e izquierdo del colon se presentan como entidades diferentes y como tal deberían ser abordados para su estudio, tratamiento y seguimiento. El propósito de esta investigación es hacer un análisis de pacientes con cáncer de colon según la lateralidad. Materiales y métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva de 442 pacientes remitidos a Oncólogos del Occidente desde enero de 2001 a diciembre de 2016 con diagnóstico de cáncer de colon. Resultados: El 54 % de los casos fueron en colon izquierdo; sexo femenino 52 %; media de edad: 60,5 años en izquierdo y 62,5 en derecho; histología mucinosa (40 % vs 60 %), células en anillo de sello (40 % vs 60 %) y mal diferenciado (40 % vs 60 %); media de antígeno carcino-embrionario 51,7 vs 63,9 ngr/mL; ganglios resecados mayores o igual a 13 (41 % vs 59 %); presencia de obstrucción (22 % vs 18 %), compromiso de serosa (16 % vs 18 %) y ulceración (21 % vs 17 %). Se presentó recaída en 58 % vs 42 % y de ellos a hígado (33 % vs 23 %), pulmón (18 % vs 15 %) y carcinomatosis (15 % vs 14 %). La media de seguimiento global fue de 40,1 ± 39 con 38,3 meses para el lado izquierdo y 42,2 meses para el derecho y sobrevida a cinco años de 61 % vs 64 % para colon izquierdo y derecho, respectivamente. Conclusión: El patrón de ocurrencia del cáncer de colon según su lateralidad se presenta en el lado derecho en menor número, mayor edad, histología más agresiva, mayor nivel ganglionar, mayor compromiso de serosa, mayor seguimiento y similar sobrevida. Lo anterior, sumado al estado mutacional, podría ayudar a definir el manejo terapéutico inicial. Quedan aún muchas dudas para entender la diferencia en resultados no explicada solo basado en la lateralidad.
Abstract Introduction: It has been suggested that cancers on the right and left sides of the colon are presented as different entities and as such should be addressed for study, treatment and follow-up. The purpose of this research is to make an analysis of patients with colon cancer according to laterality. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort of 442 patients referred to Oncólogos del Occidente from January 2001 to December 2016 with a diagnosis of colon cancer. Results: 54% of the cases were in the left colon; 52% female sex; average age: 60.5 years on the left and 62.5 on the right; mucinous histology (40% vs 60%), signet ring cells (40% vs 60%) and poorly differentiated (40% vs 60%); mean carcino-embryonic antigen 51.7 vs 63.9 ng/mL; resected lymph nodes greater than or equal to 13 (41% vs 59%); presence of obstruction (22% vs 18%), serosa involvement (16% vs 18%) and ulceration (21% vs 17%). There was relapse in 58% vs 42% and of them to liver (33% vs 23%), lung (18% vs 15%) and carcinomatosis (15% vs 14%). The mean global follow-up was 40.1 ± 39 with 38.3 months for the left side and 42.2 months for the right, and survival at 5 years of 61% vs 64% for the left and right colon, respectively. Conclusion: The pattern of occurrence of colon cancer according to its laterality is presented on the right side in smaller numbers, older age, more aggre- ssive histology, higher nodal level, greater serosal involvement, longer follow-up and similar survival. The above, added to the mutational state, could help to define the initial therapeutic management. There are still many doubts to understand the difference in results not explained only based on laterality.
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Introducción: La morfea o esclerodermia localizada juvenil (ELJ) es una enfermedad autoinmune, inflamatoria, crónica, lenta y progresiva del tejido conectivo, de causa desconocida, que afecta preferentemente la piel y los tejidos subyacentes. Objetivos: Comunicar un caso de esclerodermia localizada juvenil en una escolar, y contribuir a un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de esta patología. Caso clínico: Niña de 8 años con placas induradas hipopigmentadas, de distribución lineal en la extremidad superior derecha de 2 años de evolución y placas induradas hiperpigmentadas de textura acartonada, con áreas de piel adelgazada, blanquecina y edema en la pierna y el tobillo. Los elementos clínicos y los exámenes de apoyo diagnóstico, incluyendo la histología, fueron compatibles con ELJ lineal, panesclerótica. Se inició tratamiento inmunosupresor y simultáneamente realizó fisioterapia y terapia ocupacional intensivas. Conclusiones: Presentamos un caso de ELJ de tipo lineal y panesclerótico, en el que hubo retraso de 2 años en el diagnóstico, no obstante la respuesta al tratamiento inmunosupresor fue favorable según lo esperado.
Introduction: Morphea or juvenile localised scleroderma (JLS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory, chronic, slowly progressive connective tissue disease of unknown cause that preferably affects skin and underlying tissues. Objective: To report a case of Juvenil Localised scleroderma in an 8-year old girl, contributing to an early diagnosis and treatment. Clinical case: The case is presented of an 8 year-old girl who presented with indurated hypopigmented plaques, of linear distribution in the right upper extremity of two years onset, together with papery texture hyperpigmented indurated plaques with whitish areas of thinned skin in right lower extremity, and leg and ankle swelling. The clinical features and diagnostic tests, including histology were compatible with linear and pansclerotic JLS. She started with immunosuppressive therapy, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy. Conclusions: We report a case of linear and pansclerotic ELJ type, in which there was a 2 year delay in diagnosis, however the response to treatment was positive as expected.
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Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Terapia Ocupacional/métodos , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Esclerodermia Localizada/patologia , Esclerodermia Localizada/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Progressão da Doença , Diagnóstico TardioRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Morphea or juvenile localised scleroderma (JLS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory, chronic, slowly progressive connective tissue disease of unknown cause that preferably affects skin and underlying tissues. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of Juvenil Localised scleroderma in an 8-year old girl, contributing to an early diagnosis and treatment. CLINICAL CASE: The case is presented of an 8 year-old girl who presented with indurated hypopigmented plaques, of linear distribution in the right upper extremity of two years onset, together with papery texture hyperpigmented indurated plaques with whitish areas of thinned skin in right lower extremity, and leg and ankle swelling. The clinical features and diagnostic tests, including histology were compatible with linear and pansclerotic JLS. She started with immunosuppressive therapy, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of linear and pansclerotic ELJ type, in which there was a 2 year delay in diagnosis, however the response to treatment was positive as expected.
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Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Terapia Ocupacional/métodos , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Criança , Diagnóstico Tardio , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Esclerodermia Localizada/patologia , Esclerodermia Localizada/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Las asimetrías craneofaciales son un rasgo característico de la especie humana mientras se encuentren dentro de límites razonables. Las asimetrías pueden ser de origen dental, esquelético y funcional o una combinación de éstas. Así mismo existen diversos factores etiológicos como son los genéticos, los ambientales y los funcionales que deben ser bien comprendidos para lograr un buen diagnóstico y de esta forma enfocar un adecuado plan de tratamiento. Este artículo tiene como propósito integrar un conocimiento general de los problemas transversales enfocado hacia el diagnóstico, evaluando los diferentes factores etiológicos, la prevalencia, y las características clínicas y radiográficas de las asimetrías dentales, esqueléticas y funcionales.
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Assimetria Facial/etiologia , Mandíbula/anormalidades , Mandíbula/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among Chilean women according to their socioeconomic level. METHODS: A total of 540 women between 50 and 79 years of age were interviewed in Santiago, Chile. Women were allocated into two groups (H, high; L, low), according to their socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Each group consisted of 270 women. The mean age and percentage of menopausal women were similar in both groups. Of the interviewed women, 47% had taken HRT at some time; marked differences between the two groups were observed (L, 15%; H, 79%; < 0.0001). In group H, the percentage of women who had been advised about HRT was close to 88%, whereas, in group L, the percentage was only 24%. Among the women who were informed about HRT, 83% ( = 253) had used it at some time. The percentage of women who used HRT for >2 years was similar in both groups. The main reason for not taking HRT in group H was fear of adverse effects, whereas the main reason for not taking it in group L was the lack of medical advice. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of women in the low socioeconomic group who use HRT is low. Medical advice is fundamental to increasing HRT use in this group.