Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicações , Síndrome de Kluver-Bucy/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/psicologia , Humanos , Síndrome de Kluver-Bucy/psicologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Mortalidade Perinatal , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Japão/epidemiologia , GravidezRESUMO
Several examples are discussed in this review, where substances without proven effects were proposed for practical use within the scope of evidence-based medicines. The following is discussed here: generalizations of the hormesis concept and its use in support of homeopathy; phytoestrogens and soy products potentially having feminizing effects; glycosaminoglycans for the treatment of osteoarthritis and possibilities of their replacement by diet modifications; flavonoids recommended for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins; acetylcysteine as a mucolytic agent and its questionable efficiency especially by an oral intake; stem cells and cell therapies. In conclusion, placebo therapies can be beneficial and ethically justifiable but it is not a sufficient reason to publish biased information. Importantly, placebo must be devoid of adverse effects, otherwise, it is named pseudo-placebo. Therapeutic methods with unproven effects should be tested in high-quality research shielded from the funding bias. Some issues discussed in this review are not entirely clear, and the arguments provided here can initiate a constructive discussion.
Assuntos
Patentes como Assunto , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Efeito Placebo , Animais , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Pesquisa/normas , Projetos de Pesquisa , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
It is evident from reviewing scientific literature that the quality of argumentation in some areas of medical research has deteriorated during the last decades. Publication of a series of questionable reliability has continued without making references to the published criticism; examples are discussed in this review. Another tendency is that drugs without proven efficiency are advertised, corresponding products patented and marketed as evidence-based medications. Professional publications are required to register drugs and dietary supplements to obtain permissions for the practical use; and such papers appeared, sometimes being of questionable reliability. Several examples are discussed in this review when substances without proven effects were patented and introduced into practice being supported by publications of questionable reliability. Some of the topics are not entirely clear; and the arguments provided here can induce a constructive discussion.