Total endoluminal repair of aorto-oesophageal fistula.

A woman in her 50s presented to the Emergency Department, following massive haematemesis, having swallowed a single tooth denture 3 years previously. Endoscopy initially revealed profuse bleeding at 20cm from the incisors, initially treated with an oesophageal covered stent. Following ongoing haematemesis, a thoracic and abdominal CT angiogram demonstrated an aorto-oesophageal fistula, which was successfully treated with a thoracic endograft and left tube thoracostomy. The patient remains well to 1 year. This is the first case to demonstrate successful use of covered stents in both the aorta to stop exsanguination, as well as the oesophagus to prevent mediastinitis and avoid the need for thoracotomy and hypothermic circulatory arrest in a critically ill patient.

Completely minimally invasive versus hybrid Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy for oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junctional cancer: a UK multi-centre comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Limited robust evidence exists comparing outcomes following completely minimally invasive oesophagectomy (CMIO) to hybrid oesophagectomy (HO) in the treatment of resectable oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junctional (GOJ) cancer. This multi-centre study aims to assess postoperative morbidity between HO and CMIO according to the full Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) complication platform. METHODS: All consecutive patients undergoing an Ivor-Lewis HO or Ivor-Lewis CMIO for cancer between 2016 and 2018 in three UK tertiary centres were included. The primary study outcome was 30-day overall complications, evaluated by the ECCG complication subgroups. Secondary outcomes included survival outcomes and perioperative parameters between the two approaches. RESULTS: Of the 382 patients included, 228 (59.7%) patients had HOs and 154 (40.3%) patients had CMIOs with no inter-group baseline differences. Patients undergoing CMIO experienced less 30-day postoperative complications compared to those under undergoing HO (43.5% vs 57.0%, p = 0.010). ECCG defined pulmonary and infective complications were less frequent in the CMIO group. Anastomotic leak rates and oncological outcomes were similar between the two groups. Independent predictors of 30-day postoperative complications include surgical approach with HO and high ASA grade on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Ivor-Lewis CMIO demonstrates superior short-term surgical outcomes when compared to Ivor-Lewis HO with no compromise in oncological feasibility. Anastomotic leak rates were equivalent between both groups. A robust randomised controlled trial is required to validate the findings of this study.

Microvascular grafting to enhance perfusion in colonic long-segment oesophageal reconstruction.

PURPOSE: Oesophagectomy with long-segment colon reconstruction is the first-line treatment when the stomach is not available. Supercharging of the newly formed conduit can improve vascular function utilizing intraoperative perfusion imaging system, following thoracoscopic oesophagectomy for distal-oesophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer. The purpose of this study is to examine the safety and efficacy of microvascular augmentation of left colonic interposition following oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 156 consecutive oesophagectomies between January 2016 and July 2018 was performed. All oesophagectomies involving left colon interposition with microvascular augmentation were included in the study. In all cases, oesophageal mobilization was performed thoracoscopically in prone position and the left colon was used as neo-oesophagus in an isoperistaltic fashion. Conduit perfusion was assessed with the Spy system and neck supercharging was performed using microsurgical technique. RESULTS: A total of n = 5 (3.2%) patients were identified. Two cases had delayed and 3 had immediate reconstruction. The conduit was microsurgically augmented in 3 cases with both venous and arterial anastomoses (supercharging) and in 2 cases with venous anastomosis only (superdrainage). No anastomotic leak was identified. One case developed left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy with associated aspiration pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: Supercharged colonic interposition is a safe way of oesophageal reconstruction when long-segment interposition graft is needed. In oesophageal cancer and in the absence of a viable stomach with intact gastroepiploic arcade, it should be considered a feasible option with favourable outcomes, when the expertise and facilities are available. Use of intraoperative perfusion imaging reveals improved conduit blood supply post-supercharging.

Completely Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy Versus Hybrid Esophagectomy for Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junctional Cancer: Clinical and Short-Term Oncological Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery for resectable esophageal and gastroesophageal junctional (GEJ) cancer significantly reduces morbidity when compared with open surgery, as is evident from published landmark trials. Comparison of outcomes between hybrid esophagectomy (HE) and completely minimally invasive esophagectomy (CMIE) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to ascertain whether CMIE is associated with less postoperative complications compared with HE without oncological compromise. METHODS: All consecutive two-stage HEs and CMIEs performed between 2016 and 2018 were included. All procedures were performed with an intrathoracic anastomosis. Primary clinical outcomes were pulmonary infective and overall complications within 30 days of surgery, while primary oncological outcomes included overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) at both 6 months and to date. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative variables and postoperative clinical parameters. RESULTS: Overall, 98 patients had CMIEs and 49 patients had HEs. There were no baseline differences between the two groups. Thirty-day postoperative pulmonary infection rates were lower in the CMIE group compared with the HE group (12.2% vs. 28.6%; p = 0.014), and 30-day overall postoperative complication rates were also lower following CMIE (35.7% vs. 59.2%; p = 0.007). OS and DFS were similar between the two groups at 6 months (p = 0.201 and p = 0.109, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CMIE is associated with less pulmonary infective and overall postoperative complications compared with HE for resectable esophageal and GEJ cancer. No intergroup difference was observed regarding short-term survival and cancer recurrence in patients undergoing CMIE and HE. A randomized controlled trial comparing the two operative approaches is required to validate these findings.

Three-Dimensional vs Two-Dimensional Completely Minimally Invasive 2-Stage Esophagectomy With Intrathoracic Hand-Sewn Anastomosis for Esophageal Cancer: Comparison of Intra-and Postoperative Outcomes.

Background. Completely minimally invasive esophagectomy (CMIE) has been associated with reduced morbidity compared to open esophagectomy in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Three-dimensional (3D) vision can enhance depth perception during minimally invasive surgery when compared to two-dimensional (2D) vision. We aimed to compare outcomes from 2-stage CMIEs when performed in 2D vs 3D. Method. All consecutive 2-stage CMIEs performed for esophageal or gastroesophageal junctional cancer at a single-centre between 2016 and 2018 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. All operations were completed in either 2D or 3D. All esophagogastric anastomoses were hand-sewn thoracoscopically. Intraoperative and postoperative clinical parameters were compared between 2D and 3D CMIE. Results. Overall, 98 patients underwent a 2-stage CMIE, of which 59 (60.2%) were in 2D and 39 (39.8%) in 3D. Median operative blood loss was less in the 3D group compared to the 2D group (283 mls vs 409 mls, P = .016). A higher number of lymph nodes were retrieved from 3D CMIE (30 vs 25, P = .010). The median duration of surgery was 407 minutes (interquartile ranges (IQR): 358-472 minutes) and 426 minutes (IQR: 369-509 minutes) when performed in 2D and 3D, respectively (P = .162). There were no significant intergroup differences in 30-day postoperative complications, short-term mortality, and hospital stay. Conclusion. We report reduced blood loss and higher lymph node yield when performing 3D CMIE than 2D CMIE. Other intraoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes were similar in both groups. A randomized controlled trial is needed to validate these findings of superior outcomes from CMIE performed in 3D over 2D.

Role of 3D in minimally invasive esophagectomy.

PURPOSE: Two-stage minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) has gained popularity in the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer. MIE's limitation is embedded in the construction of intrathoracic anastomosis. Various anastomotic techniques have been reported; however, the mechanical one remains the most commonly adopted. This pilot study aims to describe an efficient, safe, and reproducible way of performing a hand-sewn intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis in conjunction with short-term results using 2D and 3D thoracoscopic approaches. METHODS: A total of n = 13 patients (mean age 67.4) underwent MIE for distal esophageal or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma between January and September 2016. Resection was performed in prone position, and the esophagogastric anastomosis was constructed in an end-to-side manner in two layers with barbed knotless suture. A 2D thoracoscopic approach was used in n = 10 patients (77%) and a 3D approach in n = 3 (23%). RESULTS: n = 8 patients (61.5%) had neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and n = 5 (38.5%) had primary surgery. The mean operating time was 420 min, and the average length of stay was 10 days with no associated mortality. n = 1 (7.7%) developed a radiological leak that did not require an intervention. Thoracoscopic approach with the glasses-based 3D optical system using the angulating-tip 100° camera provided a far superior view for precise lymphadenectomy in combination to an efficient and safe construction of the anastomosis. CONCLUSION: The barbed knotless suturing technique in MIE is an efficient and safe method of constructing the esophagogastric anastomosis with promising short-term outcomes. A 3D thoracoscopic approach appears to be superior in performing the anastomosis to that of a 2D technique.

Gastric electrical stimulation for treatment of clinically severe gastroparesis.

BACKGROUND: Severe, drug-resistant gastroparesis is a debilitating condition. Several, but not all, patients can get significant relief from nausea and vomiting by gastric electrical stimulation (GES). A trial of temporary, endoscopically delivered GES may be of predictive value to select patients for laparoscopic-implantation of a permanent GES device. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a clinical audit of consecutive gastroparesis patients, who had been selected for GES, from May 2008 to January 2012. Delayed gastric emptying was diagnosed by scintigraphy of ≥50% global improvement in symptom-severity and well-being was a good response. RESULTS: There were 71 patients (51 women, 72%) with a median age of 42 years (range: 14-69). The aetiology of gastroparesis was idiopathic (43 patients, 61%), diabetes (15, 21%), or post-surgical (anti-reflux surgery, 6 patients; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 3; subtotal gastrectomy, 1; cardiomyotomy, 1; other gastric surgery, 2) (18%). At presentation, oral nutrition was supplemented by naso-jejunal tube feeding in 7 patients, surgical jejunostomy in 8, or parenterally in 1 (total 16 patients; 22%). Previous intervention included endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin (botox) into the pylorus in 16 patients (22%), pyloroplasty in 2, distal gastrectomy in 1, and gastrojejunostomy in 1. It was decided to directly proceed with permanent GES in 4 patients. Of the remaining, 51 patients have currently completed a trial of temporary stimulation and 39 (77%) had a good response and were selected for permanent GES, which has been completed in 35 patients. Outcome data are currently available for 31 patients (idiopathic, 21 patients; diabetes, 3; post-surgical, 7) with a median follow-up period of 10 months (1-28); 22 patients (71%) had a good response to permanent GES, these included 14 (68%) with idiopathic, 5 (71%) with post-surgical, and remaining 3 with diabetic gastroparesis. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 71% of well-selected patients with intractable gastroparesis had good response to permanent GES at follow-up of up to 2 years.

Laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcer-technical tip.

Increasing number of gastrointestinal emergencies are managed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic repair of a perforated peptic ulcer remains contentious. Fashioning an omental patch is a crucial and an essential part of this repair, whether it is performed open or laparoscopically. This article describes a technique to fashion an adequate omental patch over the perforated peptic ulcer.