Impact of the first-line antiretroviral therapy on soluble markers of inflammation in cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Moroccan patients: a prospective study.

Chronic inflammation and immune activation are a hallmark of HIV-1 infection. In this study, we assessed inflammation biomarkers in a cohort of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) before and after long-term suppressive combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). A single-center prospective cohort study was conducted to assess inflammatory biomarkers in 86 cART-naive PLWH and after receiving suppressive cART and 50 uninfected controls. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No significant difference was found in IL-6 levels between cART-naïve PLWH and controls (p = 0.753). In contrast, TNF-α level showed a significant difference between cART naïve-PLWH and controls (p = 0.019). Interestingly, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased in PLWH after cART (p < 0.0001). The sCD14 showed no significant difference between cART-naïve patients and controls (p = 0.839) and similar levels were observed in pre- and post-treatment (p = 0.719). Our results highlight the critical importance of early treatment to reduce inflammation and its consequences during HIV infection.

[Sternocostal osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus after coronary angioplasty: a case report]. / Aspergillose sterno-costale après angioplastie coronaire: à propos d'un cas.

Sternal osteomyelitis due to aspergillosis is extremely rare. Among all cases of invasive aspergillosis reported in the literature, the incidence of osteomyelitis is less than 3%. Aspergillosis mainly affects immunosuppressed patients. Clinical and radiological manifestation is nonspecific. Contamination is primarily caused by inhaling spores, but it can also directly reach a vulnerable area after medical procedure. Diagnosis is often difficult and may take several weeks, in particular when aspergillosis is not suspected. Positive diagnosis is based on imaging tests but it is confirmed by anatomopathological and/or mycological examinations. Prognosis mainly depends on early administration of treatment. We here report the case of a 63-year-old diabetic patient with sternocostal osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus occurred after coronary angioplasty.