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1.
West Afr J Med ; 41(4): 387-396, 2024 04 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39002169

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Childhood exposure to maltreatment is an endemic health issue with tragic personal and socioeconomic repercussions. There is a dearth of information on the psychological outcomes of childhood trauma, specifically anxiety and depression, in adulthood in Nigeria. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of childhood trauma and its relationship with anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation among adults in a Nigerian community. METHODS: The study is a product of a secondary analysis of the relevant aspects of the data collected for the Ilisan-Remo Functional Bowel Disorder Project. It was a cross-sectional community-based study of adult aged 18-70 years in Nigeria. The relevant aspects of the research instrument included the demographic information; the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories for assessing anxiety and depression respectively, and the Early Trauma Inventory-Self Report Short-Form for accessing childhood trauma. Data were summarized and analyzed with appropriate instruments. Variables with p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Adequate data for statistical analysis was available for 501 respondents. The mean age of the respondents was 32.69 ±12.8 years. Four hundred and forty (87.8%) respondents had at least one childhood trauma exposure. Physical punishment had the highest prevalence (77.2%), followed by general trauma (68.9%), emotional abuse (51.1%) and sexual abuse (34.9%). All the childhood traumas were either moderately or weakly correlated with the psychopathologies except physical trauma which was not correlated with suicidal ideation. Childhood trauma had a significant association with anxiety [AOR = 1.23 (95% CI, 1.13 - 1.35), p<0.001], depression [AOR = 1.19 (95% CI, 1.13 - 1.25), p <0.001] and suicidal ideation [AOR = 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02 - 1.16), p = 0.007]. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of childhood trauma was high in our study population and was associated with sychopathologies in adulthood. Stakeholders such as parents, government, teachers, and civil society organizations should make a concerted effort to deter it.


CONTEXTE: L'exposition des enfants aux mauvais traitements est un problème de santé endémique avec des répercussions personnelles et socio-économiques tragiques. Il existe une pénurie d'informations sur les conséquences psychologiques des traumatismes infantiles, notamment l'anxiété et la dépression à l'âge adulte au Nigeria. Cette étude a été menée pour déterminer la prévalence des traumatismes infantiles et leur relation avec l'anxiété, la dépression et les idées suicidaires chez les adultes d'une communauté nigériane. MÉTHODES: L'étude est issue d'une analyse secondaire des aspects pertinents des données collectées pour le projet Ilisan-Remo sur les troubles fonctionnels de l'intestin. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale communautaire auprès d'adultes âgés de 18 à 70 ans au Nigeria. Les aspects pertinents de l'instrument de recherche comprenaient des informations démographiques ; les inventaires d'anxiété et de dépression de Beck pour évaluer respectivement l'anxiété et la dépression, et l'inventaire des traumatismes précoces - auto-rapport version courte pour évaluer les traumatismes infantiles. Les données ont été résumées et analysées avec des instruments appropriés. Les variables avec des valeurs de p < 0,05 ont été considérées comme significatives. RÉSULTATS: Des données adéquates pour l'analyse statistique étaient disponibles pour 501 répondants. L'âge moyen des répondants était de 32,69 ±12,8 ans. Quatre cent quarante (87,8 %) répondants avaient été exposés à au moins un traumatisme infantile. La punition physique avait la plus haute prévalence (77,2 %), suivie des traumatismes généraux (68,9 %), des abus émotionnels (51,1 %) et des abus sexuels (34,9 %). Tous les traumatismes infantiles étaient modérément ou faiblement corrélés avec les psychopathologies, sauf le traumatisme physique qui n'était pas corrélé avec les idées suicidaires. Les traumatismes infantiles avaient une association significative avec l'anxiété [OR ajusté = 1,23 (IC à 95 %, 1,13 ­ 1,35), p < 0,001], la dépression [OR ajusté = 1,19 (IC à 95 %, 1,13 ­ 1,25), p < 0,001] et les idées suicidaires [OR ajusté = 1,09 (IC à 95 %, 1,02 ­ 1,16), p = 0,007]. CONCLUSION: La prévalence des traumatismes infantiles était élevée dans notre population d'étude et était associée à des psychopathologies à l'âge adulte. Les parties prenantes telles que les parents, le gouvernement, les enseignants et les organisations de la société civile devraient faire des efforts concertés pour les prévenir. MOTS CLÉS: Traumatismes infantiles, Maltraitance des enfants, Anxiété, dépression, Nigeria.


Assuntos
Ansiedade , Depressão , Ideação Suicida , Humanos , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Prevalência , Adolescente , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Idoso , Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança
2.
West Afr J Med ; 39(7): 729-736, 2022 Jul 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35926376

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A review of the literature shows there is a dearth of community-based studies that evaluated the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its psychosocial correlates among Nigerians. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its psychosocial correlates in a Nigerian community. METHODS: The data presented here is an extract from the IlisanRemo Functional Bowel Disorder Project, a cross-sectional community-based study of 515 adults aged 18-70 years. The aspects of the research instrument relevant to this study include the sociodemographic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories, and Short Form 12, version 2 Health Survey (SF-12v2) questionnaire. An overall PSQI score of >5 was defined as poor sleep quality. Data analysis was conducted with appropriate statistical instruments. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There were adequate data for statistical analysis for 505 participants. The participants' mean age was 32.73±12.93 years. A total of 212 (42.0%) participants had poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was associated with attainment of at least secondary schooleducation [AOR = 2.27 (95% CI, 1.17 - 4.41), p = 0.016], increased waist circumference [AOR = 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01 - 1.04), p < 0.001], coffee consumption [AOR = 2.57 (95% CI, 1.66 - 3.99), p < 0.001], anxiety [AOR = 1.06 (95% CI, 1.03 - 1.09), p < 0.001], and depression [AOR = 1.05 (95% CI, 1.03 - 1.08), p < 0.001]. Participants with poor sleep quality had poorer mean SF-12v2 sub-scales scores compared with those with good sleep quality in Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality and Mental Health with statistical significance (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Poor sleep quality is common in our study population and needs to be holistically addressed.


CONTEXTE: Une revue de la littérature montre qu'il existe une pénurie d'études communautaires qui ont évalué la prévalence de la mauvaise qualité du sommeil et ses corrélats psychosociaux chez les Nigérians. Cette étude a été menée pour déterminer la prévalence de la mauvaise qualité du sommeil et ses corrélats psychosociaux dans une communauté nigériane. MÉTHODES: Les données présentées ici sont extraites du projet Ilisan-Remo sur les troubles fonctionnels intestinaux, une étude transversale communautaire portant sur 515 adultes âgés de 18 à 70 ans. Les aspects de l'instrument de recherche pertinents pour cette étude comprennent les données sociodémographiques, l'indice de qualité du sommeil de Pittsburgh (PSQI), les inventaires de l'anxiété et de la dépression de Beck et le questionnaire Short Form 12, version 2 Health Survey (SF-12v2). Un score PSQI global e"5 a été défini comme une mauvaise qualité du sommeil. L'analyse des données a été effectuée avec des instruments statistiques appropriés. La va P < 0,05 était considérée comme significative. RÉSULTATS: Il y avait des données adéquates pour l'analyse statistique pour 505 participants. L'âge moyen des participants était de 32,73 ± 12,93 ans. Un total de 212 [42,0 % (IC à 95 % = 38 % ­ 46,0 %)] participants avaient une mauvaise qualité de sommeil. Le Mauvaise qualité du sommeil était associé à l'obtention d'au moins un diplôme d'études secondaires [AOR = 2,27 (IC à 95 %, 1,17 ­ 4,41), p = 0,016], à une augmentation du tour de taille [AOR = 1,03 (IC à 95 %, 1,01 ­ 1,04), p < 0,001], consommation de café [AOR = 2,57 (IC à 95 %, 1,66 ­ 3,99), p < 0,001], anxiété [AOR = 1,06 (IC à 95 %, 1,03 ­ 1,09), p < 0,001] et dépression [AOR = 1,05 (IC à 95 %, 1,03 ­ 1,08), p < 0,001]. Les participants avec Mauvaise qualité du sommeil avaient des scores moyens inférieurs aux sous-échelles SF-12v2 par rapport à ceux avec une bonne qualité de sommeil dans la douleur corporelle, la santé générale, la vitalité et la santé mentale avec une signification statistique (p< 0,001). CONCLUSION: La mauvaise qualité du sommeil est courante dans notre population d'étude et doit être traitée de manière holistique. Mots clés: Qualité du sommeil, Anxiété, Dépression, Qualité de vie, Santé mentale.


Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Qualidade do Sono , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
3.
West Afr J Med ; 38(6): 537-543, 2021 Jun 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34174181

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There are few population-based studies concerning the bowel habits of adult Nigerians. Only one of these was published about a decade ago in the Northcentral region, the others were published over four decades ago. This study was conducted to determine the bowel habits and the frequencies of bowel movement disorders among adults in a Southwestern Nigerian population. METHODS: The study was a community-based cross-sectional survey of a cohort of Nigerian adults aged 18 to 70 years. The data collection instrument consisted of demographic information, lifestyle factors, abdominal circumference, bowel habits, and the Rome IV bowel disorder questionnaire questions regarding bowel movement disorders. A copy of the Bristol Stool Scale was shown to each respondent to allow easy evaluation of stool form. Summary statistics included Means, frequencies and percentages. Associations between categorical variables were tested by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test as required. The statistical significance cut-off was set at P-value < 0.05. RESULTS: Adequate data for statistical analysis was available for 506 participants. The majority, 492 (97.2%), had at least one bowel motion per day [358 (70.8%) once daily, 111 (21.9%) twice daily and 23 (4.5%) > twice daily], 9 (1.8%) defaecate once in two days while 5 (1.0%) defaecate once in 3 or more days. There was no significant relationship between the frequency of bowel movement and age or gender. Among those who had bowel movement disorders, at least 30% of time in 3 months, the commonest disorder was passage of hard stools [66 (13.0%)] while the least frequent was bowel motion of fewer than 3 times per week [27 (5.3%)]. CONCLUSION: The majority of our study participants have normal bowel habits. The frequencies of bowel movement disorders are generally low in the study population and this may be related to the consumption of the African diet that is rich in fibre content.


RÉSUMÉ: Il existe peu d'études basées sur la population concernant les habitudes intestinales des Nigérians adultes. Un seul d'entre eux a été publié il y a environ une décennie dans la région du centre-nord, les autres ont été publiés il y a plus de quatre décennies. Cette étude a été menée pour déterminer les habitudes intestinales et les fréquences des troubles du transit intestinal chez les adultes d'une population du sud-ouest du Nigéria. MÉTHODES: L'étude était une enquête transversale communautaire d'une cohorte d'adultes nigérians âgés de 18 à 70 ans. L'instrument de collecte de données se composait d'informations démographiques, de facteurs liés au mode de vie, de la circonférence abdominale, des habitudes intestinales et des questions du questionnaire Rome IV sur les troubles intestinaux concernant les troubles des mouvements intestinaux. Une copie de la Bristol Stool Scale a été montrée à chaque répondant pour permettre une évaluation facile de la forme des selles. Les statistiques récapitulatives comprenaient les moyennes, les fréquences et les pourcentages. Les associations entre les variables catégorielles ont été testées par le test du Chi carré ou le test exact de Fisher selon les besoins. Le seuil de signification statistique a été fixé à une valeur p < 0,05. RÉSULTATS: Des données adéquates pour l'analyse statistique étaient disponibles pour 506 participants. La majorité, 492 (97,2 %), avaient au moins une selle par jour [358 (70,8 %) une fois par jour, 111 (21,9 %) deux fois par jour et 23 (4,5 %) > deux fois par jour], 9 (1,8 %) déféquent une fois tous les deux jours tandis que 5 (1,0 %) défèquent une fois tous les 3 jours ou plus. Il n'y avait pas de relation significative entre la fréquence des selles et l'âge ou le sexe. Parmi ceux qui avaient des troubles du transit intestinal, au moins 30 % du temps en 3 mois, le trouble le plus courant était le passage de selles dures [66 (13,0 %)] tandis que le moins fréquent était le transit intestinal de moins de 3 fois par semaine [27 ( 5,3 %)]. CONCLUSION: La majorité des participants à notre étude ont des habitudes intestinales normales. Les fréquences des troubles du transit intestinal sont généralement faibles dans la population étudiée et cela peut être lié à la consommation du régime africain riche en fibres. WAJM 2021 ; 38(6) : 537-543. MOTS CLÉS: habitude intestinale, fréquence des selles, troubles de la défécation, constipation chronique, diarrhée chronique.


Assuntos
Constipação Intestinal , Transtornos dos Movimentos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Hábitos , Humanos , Nigéria
4.
West Afr J Med ; 37(4): 377-384, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32835399

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer develops from chronic gastritis through distinct precancerous lesions which include atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia in a sequential manner, all of which are related to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. We determined the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the gastric premalignant conditions in a Southwestern Nigerian population with chronic gastritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted on 252 adult patients with dyspepsia at a faith-based tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Gastroscopy was performed on all the participants and five gastric biopsies were taken from each of them. Standard histological examination for H. pylori, gastritis and the precancerous lesions was performed on the specimens. The biopsy sampling and histological examination were performed in line with the Updated Sydney System recommendations. We summarized data by Means ± Standard Deviation, frequencies and percentages. Associations between categorical variables were tested by means of Chi-square test or Fisher exact test as appropriate. The cutoff for statistical significance was P-value < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 78 (31.0%) subjects tested positive by histology for H. pylori infection. Of all the gastric precancerous lesions, AG had the highest prevalence [54 (21.4%)], followed by dysplasia [6 (2.4%)] and IM [3 (1.2%)]. Regarding the severity of the precancerous lesions, 47 (87.0%) subjects had mild AG while 7 (13.0%) had moderate AG. All the subjects with IM and dysplasia had mild or low-grade lesions. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rates of gastric precancerous lesions in our study population were low.


Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Nigéria , Estudos Prospectivos
5.
Ann Ib Postgrad Med ; 16(1): 30-36, 2018 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30254556

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common disorder globally but the prevalence and severity of symptoms and complications do have ethnic and geographic variations. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) among adults in Ogbomoso, Southwest Nigeria, and the risk factors associated with it. METHODOLOGY: The study was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional survey. The study population consisted of consenting male and female adults aged 18 to 87 years recruited from the outpatient departments of three health institutions in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. A predesigned questionnaire consisting of GerdQ and other relevant information was administered to the participants. RESULTS: A total of 772 subjects were interviewed. The prevalence of GERD was 9.3% among the subjects. There was a significant association between increasing age and GERD. Other risk factors considered showed no significant association with the disease. CONCLUSION: GERD has a moderate prevalence among adults in Ogbomoso, Southwest Nigeria and there is a significant association between increasing age and GERD.

6.
Ann Ib Postgrad Med ; 15(2): 133-136, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29556169

RESUMO

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare cause of chronic liver disease (CLD). It presents with varied clinical features from acute hepatitis to CLDs like chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease, making it difficult to diagnose in the absence of a high index of suspicion and adequate laboratory support. Autoantibody-mediated hepatocyte injury is the major feature of AIH. We present a 44 year old woman with recurrent jaundice, ascites, splenomegaly, coagulopathy, negative chronic viral hepatitis screening, elevated IgG and positive anti-smooth muscle antibody. The patient responded well to immunosuppressive therapy. This report brings to the fore the need for physicians to maintain a high index of suspicion and thoroughly evaluate all CLD cases of seemingly 'unknown' etiology for AIH in order to prevent progression to end-stageliver- disease, since the disease is highly amenable to immunosuppressive therapy.

7.
Ann Ib Postgrad Med ; 11(1): 2-6, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25161415

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Dyspepsia has a significant impact on the quality of life of the sufferer, and results in enormous societal costs, either due to direct medical costs for physician visits, diagnostic tests, medications, or indirect costs from absenteeism or reduced productivity at work. It is therefore important to explore the management options available, especially in a resource poor setting like Nigeria, in the light of the foregoing. METHODS: Extensive internet literature search was made through Google scholar, Pubmed and HINARI. Keywords employed were dyspepsia, prevalence and management. RESULT: SEVERAL APPROACHES PROPOSED FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF A NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENT WITH DYSPEPSIA INCLUDE: empirical trial of acid suppression for 4-8 weeks in regions with low prevalence of H. pylori; the "test and treat" approach for H. pylori infection using a validated non-invasive test and; initial use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to determine the nature of the disease before treatment in patients with alarm symptoms and those who are more than 45 years. Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy without initial diagnostic testing can be used as the last result in resource poor regions of the word where diagnostic tests for H. pylori are not available or not cost-effective. CONCLUSION: Considering the high cost of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and the high prevalence of H. pylori infection in developing countries like Nigeria, it seems reasonable that the 'test and treat' method will be of immense usefulness in population sub-group who are less than 45 years without alarm symptoms, while those with alarm symptoms and those with onset of symptoms after 45 years will require initial upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

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