RESUMO
This study sought to determine the feasibility and clinical value of using a novel mobile application (app) to record the muscle/physical activity (PA) of caregivers. In all, 23 caregivers were enrolled and they were trained to use the app and a wearable device that automatically recorded their care activities and PA/burden. Data were collected for 42 days. Muscle activity was measured for 3 weeks during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and PA. Approximately 80% of the caregivers agreed that they conveniently used the wearable device through the mobile app. The most active %MVIC was noted for the back muscles during feeding assistance. As regard subjective pain evaluation, back pain was the most prevalent and pain level in the left knee was the highest. Incorporating mobile apps with wearable devices to record every activity of the caregivers may be feasible and can provide valuable clinical data for optimizing their pain management.
Assuntos
Aplicativos Móveis , Humanos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Cuidadores , Exercício Físico , DorRESUMO
We previously reported that grape skin ethanol extract (GSE) decreases adipogenic transcription factor gene expression, inhibiting triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In this study, we hypothesized that GSE may induce differential expression profiles in adipocytes, thus providing protection against obesity. Thirty-five genes involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) signaling pathway, lipid metabolism, or adipogenesis were identified through microarray analysis of adipocytes treated with GSE. Expression of the genes involved in PPARγ signaling, Adipoq, Scd1, Nr1h3, Fabp5, Scd2, and Pparg decreased with GSE treatment, whereas expression of Ppargc1a increased. Lipid metabolism-associated genes Mlxp1, Stat5a, Hsl, Plin1, and Vdr were down-regulated. Interestingly, GSE also affected expression of genes related to the mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway. GSE extract treatment decreased expression of aP2, Fas, and Tnfa, known markers of adipogenesis, as measured by real-time polymerase reaction. These findings demonstrate the antiadipogenic effects of GSE on 3T3-L1 adipocytes at the genetic level, primarily on the PPARγ signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adipogenia/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais , Vitis/química , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Adiponectina/genética , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Animais , Fármacos Antiobesidade/farmacologia , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Biologia Computacional , Regulação para Baixo , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores X do Fígado , Camundongos , Análise em Microsséries , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Receptores Nucleares Órfãos/genética , Receptores Nucleares Órfãos/metabolismo , PPAR gama/genética , Perilipina-1 , Fenótipo , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT5 , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase/genética , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Three major sources of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which are commonly used in food industry, namely loquat leaf (LL), grape skin (GS) and acai puree, were tested in regard to their potential anti-atherosclerotic and anti-diabetic activity. The compounds were evaluated by in vitro antioxidant assay using a macrophage model and for in vivo hypolipidemic activity using zebrafish. In assays in vitro, all extracts demonstrated potent ferric ion reductive capacity, radical-scavenging activity and inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation at a final concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. Extracts could also abrogate fructose-mediated protein glycation and mildly inhibit cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Cellular uptake of oxidized or acetylated LDL into macrophages was inhibited by acai treatment (final concentration, 0.1 mg/ml) and moderately diminished by GS and LL extracts. After 4 weeks of feeding on a high cholesterol diet (HCD), zebrafish exhibited serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels 2.5-fold higher than those fed a normal diet (ND). Within the experimental group, those fed acai demonstrated the lowest serum TC and CETP activity, while the LL-consuming group showed a reduction in serum TC and TG relative to HCD-fed fish. Serum glucose levels also increased in the HCD group, to threefold above the ND group; GS and LL feeding elicited the greatest reduction in hyperglycemia. The groups consuming acai and LL showed much less hepatic inflammation, as well as attenuation of fatty liver and a reduced content of oxidized species. In conclusion, extracts of LL, GS, and acai shared antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activity in cellular assays and in a hypercholesterolemic zebrafish model.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Hipercolesterolemia/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Animais , Antocianinas/química , Antioxidantes/química , Apolipoproteína A-I/metabolismo , Arecaceae/química , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Glicemia , Proteínas de Transferência de Ésteres de Colesterol/antagonistas & inibidores , HDL-Colesterol/metabolismo , Eriobotrya/química , Flavonoides/química , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Vitis/químicaRESUMO
A chimeric gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and a S-layer protein from Lactobacillus brevis KCTC3102, and/or two copies of the Fc-binding Z-domain, a synthetic analog of the B-domain of protein A, was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The S-layer fusion proteins produced in a 500-l fermentor were likely to be stable in the range of pH 5 to 8 and 0 degree to 40 degrees . Their adhesive property enabled an easy and rapid immobilization of enzymes or antibodies on solid materials such as plastics, glass, sol-gel films, and intestinal epithelial cells. Owing to their affinity towards intestinal cells and immunoglobulin G, the Slayer fusion proteins enabled the adhesion of antibodies to human epithelial cells. In addition, feeding a mixture of the S-layer fusion proteins and antibodies against neonatal calf diarrhea (coronavirus, rotavirus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium) to Hanwoo calves resulted in 100% prevention of neonatal calf diarrhea syndrome (p<0.01),whereas feeding antibodies only resulted in 56% prevention.
Assuntos
Afinidade de Anticorpos , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Diarreia/veterinária , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Levilactobacillus brevis/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/biossíntese , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/metabolismo , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Diarreia/imunologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde , Humanos , Fragmentos Fc das Imunoglobulinas/biossíntese , Fragmentos Fc das Imunoglobulinas/genética , Fragmentos Fc das Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Intestinos/imunologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/biossíntese , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Proteína Estafilocócica A/biossíntese , Proteína Estafilocócica A/genética , Proteína Estafilocócica A/imunologiaRESUMO
Here we describe a useful method for the site-directed immobilization of proteins with a DNA-binding domain (DNA-BD) on the cognate DNA-coated gold surface for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging analyses. In order to assess the performance of this procedure, we utilized two DNA-BDs, yeast GAL4 DNA-BD, and bacterial LexA DNA-BD. After the immobilization of the cognate double-stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) to a gold chip surface with a monolayer of poly(l-lysine) for sequence-specific DNA-protein interaction, purified recombinant GAL4 DNA-BD:EGFP and LexA DNA-BD:RFP fusion proteins were applied to a dsDNA-spotted gold chip, and were subsequently analyzed using an SPR imaging system. Consequently, the recombinant DNA-binding proteins, GAL4 DNA-BD:EGFP and LexA DNA-BD:RFP, were shown to bind selectively to their cognate DNA sequences on the gold chip. Collectively, our results revealed that sequence-specific dsDNA microarray approach could prove useful in performing the site-directed immobilization of DNA-binding proteins onto a gold thin film in a parallel format, and thereby potentially allowing for the analysis of transcription factor binding profiling as well as for the monitoring of protein-protein interactions between target proteins with DNA-binding domain as a fusion tag and their binding partners.