A Comparative Assessment of Acceptance of Different Types of Functional Appliances.

Background Modern clinical orthodontics' functional appliances, a well-established modality of treatment, exhibit an amazing diversity of design. Clinical findings show that people have difficulty adjusting to these devices due to their size and unfixed positioning inside the mouth and that patient adaptation may vary based on the type of orthodontic functional appliance employed. Despite the fact that they appear to inflict more pain and soreness than, for example, removable plates, the effects of various orthodontic functional appliances on patients' acclimation have not yet been researched. Aim The current study's goal was to assess how different functional appliances' shapes and designs affected patients' willingness to accept them. Materials and methods About 20 adult volunteers (10 males and 10 females, age 18-32 years) with marked Class II division 1 malocclusion and not familiar with orthodontic appliances were selected as test subjects. Impressions for working casts were taken, and construction bites were prepared for the fabrication of eight functional appliances of various designs for each individual test subject. These appliances had eight design variations. There were three tests: one for speech effects, one for initial acceptance, and one for final acceptance after wearing different scales. Results Overall, the correlation between the quality of speech and pronunciation after wearing the appliance and the type of functional appliance was statistically significant. The quality of speech and pronunciation after wearing the appliance was maximum in frequency range 1 (FR1), while it was minimum in the medium-size activator. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Overall, the correlation between the comfort and acceptability of functional appliances after wearing them and the type of functional appliance was statistically significant. The acceptance of functional appliances after wearing was maximum in FR1, while it was minimum in the medium-size activator. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Overall, the correlation between the type of functional appliance and initial acceptance was significant statistically, with the maximum initial acceptance in medium-sized activators and the minimum initial acceptance in small bionators (p=0.001). Conclusion The study's findings show that patient acceptance of various kinds of functional appliances varies significantly.

A retrospective study on immunohistochemical evaluation of CD34 in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus.

Context: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with an autoimmune inflammatory pathogenesis. Although the etiology of OLP is not known, it is considered to be a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disorder. Angiogenesis is the neoformation of anomalous blood vessels in preexisting vascular structures. Chronic inflammatory disease has been related with stimulus of uncharacteristic angiogenesis. Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze and appraise the role of angiogenesis in lichen planus by the expression of CD34 immunohistochemistry. Material and Methods: Group I, the control group, comprised 10 cases. Group II comprised 30 diagnosed cases of OLP. These 40 tissues were gauged for microvessel density (MVD) in four selected areas with high inflammatory infiltrate for the expression of CD34 antibody using immunohistochemistry. Results and Conclusion: Using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison test we observed a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.0001). Patients with erosive pattern (146.30 ± 16.59) show the highest CD34 MVD than the patients with reticular pattern (104.90 ± 10.61), followed by normal subjects (43.04 ± 8.70). Hence, it can be concluded that angiogenesis is related to the pathogenesis and progression of OLP.

Comparison of Apical Sealing Capacity of ActiV GP/Glass Ionomer Sealer Versus Resilon/RealSeal and Gutta Percha/AH plus Sealers.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, concerns have arisen regarding the sealing efficacy of traditional root canal obturation materials such as gutta-percha (GP) and various sealers. The resin-based obturation complexes like RealSealTM (SybronEndo, Orange, CA) and ResilonTM (Resilon Research LLC, Madison, CT) had been developed as replacements for conventional obturation materials, gutta-percha, and various types of sealers. Additionally, ActiV GPTM (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA), a glass-ionomer-based obturation system, has gained attention. AIM: This in vitro study's objective was to evaluate ActiV GPTM/GI (glass ionomer) sealer's sealing capacity and compare it to that of ResilonTM/RealSeal TM as well as gutta-percha/AH PlusTM (Dentsply International Inc, York, PA) taken as a control. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this in vitro investigation, 90 freshly excised single-rooted human premolars of the mandible were chosen. According to the substance used to seal the root canals, the teeth were randomly separated into three separate groups (n=30). Group 1: The ActiV GPTM obturation system was used to seal and obturate the canals. Group 2: ResilonTM/RealSealTM was used to obturate and block the canals. Group 3: GP points and AH PlusTM were used to seal the canals employing the lateral condensation methodology. All of the root surfaces-aside from the last 2 mm of the root-were painted with two coats of nail polish before being submerged in 2% methylene blue for a duration of 24 hours at a temperature of 37°C. The highest amount of dye leakage was determined using a stereomicroscope at 20X magnification. RESULTS: The extent of dye penetration at the apical region in specimens of the ActiV GPTM category was 4.93±1.48 mm. The depth of dye penetration at the apical region in specimens of the ResilonTM category was 2.78 ±1.62 mm. The extension of penetration of dye was 0.48± 0.46 mm in specimens of the GP/AH PlusTM category. The degree of microlikeage was maximum in ActiV GPTM specimens and it was minimum in GP/AH PlusTM specimens. The microlikeage in specimens of the Resilon category was greater than GP/AH plusTM while it was lower than ActiV GPTM specimens. The observations were statistically meaningful (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the dye penetration examination, it can be concluded that the root canal wall sealing capabilities of ActiV GPTM with GI Sealer were inferior to those of GP/AH PlusTM and ResilonTM with RealSealTM.

Association between Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin, Vitamin D3, Serum Albumin, Calcium, Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone with Early Childhood Caries: A Case-Control Study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to contrast and compare serum ferritin, hemoglobin, Vitamin D3, Ca++, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and serum albumin levels between preschoolers with severe caries (SC) and measures taken for caries control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample size of 300 children was selected but only 266 participated; 54.14% with SC and 45.86% caries-free. Blood samples for serum ferritin, hemoglobin, Vitamin D3, Ca++, TRH, and serum albumin levels were taken. RESULTS: The mean age was estimated to be 40.82 + 14.09 months. The serum ferritin level estimated mean value for sample pedodontic subjects came to be 29.58 ± 17.87 µg/L whereas their hemoglobin level with mean value 115.13 ± 10.12 g/L was measured. Logistic regression analysis (LRA) suggested that children with SC were nearly two times as likely to have ferritin level depreciation and likely six times more chance of FeDA (iron deficiency anemia) than in children with caries control. Children with SC had significantly lower mean Vitamin D3 value (p < 0.001), Ca++ (p < 0.001), and serum albumin (p < 0.001) levels, and significantly higher thyrotropin-releasing factor (p < 0.001) levels than those subjects without caries. CONCLUSION: Analysis of children with SC at a very young age significantly showed an increased chance of low ferritin levels than children with a caries-free mouth. The level of hemoglobin was deficient in children with SC at a very young age. Children with SC at a very young age appeared to be malnourished when compared with children without dental caries. Other contrasting parameters like FeDA, Vitamin D3, Ca++, and serum albumin concentrations were significantly deficient in children with SC at a very young age, in contrast, to a sample of children with a caries-free mouth. The analysis also suggested an increased level of TRH. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The following research study sets a benchmark for the dental fraternity and other health specialists to analyze serum ferritin, hemoglobin, Vitamin D3, Ca++, TRH, and serum albumin levels while generally treating pediatric patients. Accordingly, supplements should be prescribed rationally even in dental caries. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Jha A, Jha S, Shree R, et al. Association between Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin, Vitamin D3, Serum Albumin, Calcium, Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone with Early Childhood Caries: A Case-Control Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(5):648-651.

Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Obturation Techniques in Deciduous Teeth Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography: An In Vivo Study.

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric dentistry has evolved from extraction acclimatized practice to prevention and preservation. Successful endodontic treatment is mandated for retention of pulpally involved primary teeth. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To comparatively evaluate the obturation techniques namely lentulospiral and skini syringe with NaviTip in primary teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out among children ranging between the ages of 4 years and 8 years of either sex with pulpal involvement of primary molars which were indicated for pulpectomy. The study population was divided into two groups according to the type of obturating technique used. Group I included samples obturated with lentulospirals while group II samples were obturated using skini syringes with NaviTip. Postoperatively, CBCT imaging was used to evaluate the quality of fill of both the obturation techniques by determining the presence of voids in the root canals. RESULTS: The total number of voids present in group I were 48, in which, 8 were in the coronal third, 16 in the middle third, and 24 in the apical third. On the other hand, the total number of voids present in group II was 21, out of which 7 were in the coronal third, 10 in the middle third, and 4 in the apical third. A statistically significant difference was noted between the two groups in terms of the overall voids present. CONCLUSION: Within the limits imposed by the conditions used in the present study, both techniques can be used for obturation in the root canals of primary molars. Voids were observed with both the techniques, but minimum in group II, i.e., skini syringe with NaviTip. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Nezam S, Mukherjee CG, Shukla JN, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Obturation Techniques in Deciduous Teeth Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):75-80.

Comparative evaluation of bite force in paediatric patients.

AIM: The present study aimed at analysing the probable effects of full mouth oral rehabilitation on bite forces at their maximum extent in young paediatric patients with primary as well as mixed dentitions. METHODOLOGY: The present study is one of a kind and explores the maximum bite forces in young children. A statistically significant number of children (n = 30) with a mean age of 6.54 years. About 44.75% were boys and 55.25% were girls. The maximum voluntary bite force was assessed for each participant immediately before treatment and 1 month (3-5 weeks) following completion of the needful dental treatment. The difference in bite force magnitude before and after dental treatment was analysed statistically. In addition, the correlations of key variables including, age, height, weight, BMI, gender and caries severity or dental status with maximum bite force were statistically analysed. RESULTS: The mean maximum bite force for the total sample (n = 30) prior to treatment was found to be 167.83 N (SD = 65.20). The mean bite force in the male subgroup was 175.39 N (SD = 64.69) while for the females the mean bite force was equal to 166.29 N (SD = 68.93). Following comprehensive dental treatment, the recorded mean maximum bite force for the children (n = 30) who attended the post-treatment review appointment was 182.60 N (SD = 68.58). CONCLUSION: The essential factors such as the extent of dental caries, their severity, presence of clinical signs and symptoms has a negative impact on maximum bite force.

Mindful awareness for female dental students through yoga, motivational video, and a combination of two on stress reduction.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the potential effect of yoga, motivational videos, and a combination of two on stress reduction in female dental students. METHODS: The current study design is a nonrandomized trial carried out among female dental students (n = 120). The selected subjects were allocated into three groups, namely, group A: yoga group assigned under a professional yoga instructor, group B: motivational video group, and group C: a combination of two (A and B) involving yoga sessions and motivational videos; following which formative examinations were carried out at 6 weeks which were referred to as stressor 1 and those carried out at 12 weeks were referred to as stressor 2. Using Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI-A) recordings were measured at baseline, stressor 1, and stressor 2. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in trait anxiety scores at both stressors in all the groups with a significant reduction in depression score from stressor 1 to 2 in group 1 and group 3 subjects. The significant decrease occurred in STAI-A scores in group 1 and group 3 subjects at both stressors (P < 0.001) with no change observed in group 2 subjects. CONCLUSION: The present study is one of a kind and positively correlates yoga and motivational videos with stress reduction. Both of these interventions proved to be beneficiary for physical as well as mental health of study subjects.

Comparative evaluation of salivary immunoglobulin a levels between pedodontic subjects.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Host immune response is altered by a series of physiologic and pathologic factors like age, gender, inflammation, surgery, medication etc., The present study was conducted to evaluate differences in salivary IgA (S-IgA) levels among pedodontic subjects undergoing active orthodontic treatment with fixed and removable appliance. The levels of S- IgA were determined before 3 months and 6 months post active orthodontic treatment. METHODS: A total of 40 healthy pedodontic subjects (aged 8-15 years) were recruited in the present study. They were equally divided into Group A (fixed orthodontic group) and Group B (removable orthodontic group) with 20 subjects each. 1.5 mL of saliva per subject was obtained before 3 and 6 months after treatment. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique was used for measurement of Salivary IgA levels. RESULTS: Group A and B both showed significant rise in S-IgA levels 3 months and 6 months post active orthodontic treatment. Mean value of S-IgA 3 months post treatment in the saliva of children in group B and group A were (144.27 ± 5.32) and (164.0 ± 3.23) µg/ml respectively. While mean value of S-IgA after 6 months of treatment in group B and group A were (149.8 ± 6.02) and (166.4 ± 3.65) µg/ml respectively. CONCLUSION: Salivary Immunoglobulin A level values were significantly higher statistically in both group A and group B post active orthodontic treatment than before. The results however, showed that Group A (fixed orthodontic group) showed statistically significant higher levels of S-IgA than Group B (removable orthodontic group). Active orthodontic treatment triggered a stronger stimulus for oral secretory immunity, hence the increase in levels were detected. There is a significant positive correlation between S-IgA and active fixed as well as removable orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment is hence a local immunogenic factor.

Awareness, perception and practice regarding orthodontic practice and principles among non orthodontic specialists- An exploratory research.

BACKGROUND: Non-orthodontics specialist should have the responsibility of taking care of the smiles of the patients. This also has the implications on the oral health of the patient. The present study was done to determine awareness, perception, and practice regarding orthodontic practice and principles among non-orthodontic specialists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire study conducted among non-orthodontic specialists working in private clinics. The survey was conducted in among 212 non-orthodontic specialists. In the present study a close ended interview schedule was prepared to perception and practice of Dental specialists. After entry of data in Microsoft excel 2007. SPSS version 19.0 is used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Dental specialists have moderate awareness, positive perception and poor practice regarding Orthodontic practice and principles. Awareness regarding, Orthodontic was significantly (P = 0.02*) associated with practice while Perception was significantly associated (P = 0.00*) with Awareness. Age group was significantly (P = 0.01**) associated with awareness of study participants. Specialty and year of practice of dental professional was significantly (P = 0.05*), (P = 0.00***) associated with perception regarding Orthodontic practice and principles. Number of Orthodontic patients treating per months was significantly associated (P = 0.00***) with Practice of study participants of Orthodontic practice and principles. CONCLUSION: From above it has been concluded that dental specialists has moderate awareness, positive perception and poor practice regarding Orthodontic practice and principles. Age group, type of Specialty, Year of practice and number of Orthodontic cases treated per month significantly associated with awareness, perception, and practice of dental professionals regarding Orthodontic practice and principles.

Dilated pore of Winer.

Two cases of dilated pore of Winer were observed. First case had single defined black papule with well defined margin, central pore and discharge of black powdery material from nose since 3 years. The second case had one 9 mm, black well-defined papule with central pore discharging black powdery material on right forearm since 9 months and 9 similar smaller papules were seen on forearm and lower abdomen. Histopathologically both revealed greatly dilated infundibulum lined by acanthotic epidermis and atrophic subinfundibular hair structures thus confirming diagnosis of dilated pore of Winer.

Palmoplantar keratoderma in myxedema.

A 45-years-old woman came with diffuse yellowwaxy thickening, dryness and scaly skin of palms and soles and thickening of knuckles on dorsa of hands since 2 years. In addition, she had hoarseness of voice, weight gain, slow response, intolerance to cold, loss of pubic and axillary hair, generalised dryness and coarseness of skin, and mask like fades. Diagnosis of palmoplantar keratoderma and myxedema was confirmed by investigations.