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1.
Environ Res ; 259: 119566, 2024 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38971355

RESUMO

Cultivating productive paddy crops on salty soil to maximise production is a challenging approach to meeting the world's growing food demand. Thus, determining salinity tolerance rates in specific paddy cultivars is urgently needed. In this study, the salt tolerance traits of selected paddy cultivars, ADT45 and ADT39, were investigated by analysing germination, metabolites (pigments and biomolecules), and enzymatic (Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Peroxidase (POD) adaptation strategies as salt-stress tolerance mechanisms. This study found that salinity-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) were efficiently detoxified by the antioxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Peroxidase (POD) in ADT45 paddy varieties, followed by ADT39. Salinity stress had a significant impact on pigments and essential biomolecules in ADT45 and ADT39 paddy cultivars, including total chlorophyll, anthocyanin, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde, and proline. ADT45 demonstrated a significant relationship between H2O2 and antioxidant enzyme levels, followed by ADT39 paddy but not IR64. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical analyses revealed that ADT45, followed by ADT39, is a potential salt-tolerant rice cultivar.


Assuntos
Germinação , Oryza , Estresse Salino , Tolerância ao Sal , Oryza/fisiologia , Oryza/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Adaptação Fisiológica , Adaptação Biológica , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo
2.
Environ Res ; 258: 119368, 2024 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38848997

RESUMO

The most recent advancement in food packaging research involves improving the shelf life of perishable foods by utilising bio-based resources that are edible, eco-friendly, and biodegradable. The current study investigated the effect of edible pectin coating on mature green tomatoes to improve shelf life and storage properties. Zucchini pectin was used to make edible coating. The antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of extracted pectin were investigated. The findings indicated that the extracted pectin had antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger) and antioxidant (34.32% at 1 mg/mL) properties.Tomatoes were immersed in pectin solutions of varying concentrations, 1, 3, and 5% (w/v). Physiological evaluations of weight loss, total sugar content, titratable acidity pH, and ascorbic acid were performed on tomatoes during their maturing stages of mature green, light red, pure red, and breaking. Coating the tomatoes with pectin (5%) resulted in minimal weight loss while increasing the retention of total sugar, ascorbic acid, and titratable acidity. The shelf life of the pectin-coated tomatoes was extended to 11 days, while the uncoated control tomatoes lasted 9 days. Thus, a 5% edible pectin solution was found to be effective in coating tomatoes. The current study suggests that using 5% pectin as an edible coating on tomatoes can delay/slow the ripening/maturing process while also extending the shelf-life of tomatoes without affecting their physiochemical properties, which is scalable on a large scale for commercial purposes.


Assuntos
Pectinas , Solanum lycopersicum , Pectinas/análise , Pectinas/química , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Embalagem de Alimentos , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química
3.
Chemosphere ; 355: 141790, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38554870

RESUMO

Cadmium sulfide-tin sulfide (CdS-SnS) nanoparticles are a novel kind of photocatalyst. These CdS-SnS nanoparticles are synthesized and characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and DLS techniques, to understand their size distribution, crystalline nature, morphology, shape, optical properties, and elemental composition. This research offers insight into the efficient photocatalytic degradation of Phenanthrene (PHE) using CdS-SnS. The CdS-SnS NPs as photocatalyst can effectively photodegrade the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as phenanthrene under simulated solar and UV light. UV-vis spectra of these nanoparticles exhibit peaks at 365 and 546 cm-1 respectively, the mean size of the CdS-SnS NPs in DLS is determined to be 78 nm. The CdS-SnS stretching frequency was observed at wave numbers below 700 cm-1, the absorption peak at 1123 cm-1 indicates the presence of C-N stretch or CS bond of thiourea, while the peak at 1350.38 cm-1 corresponds to the tris-amine C-N stretch in FT-IR. Additionally, the peaks observed at 2026 cm-1 indicate the presence of isothiocyanate (NCS). 1456.23 cm-1 represents the asymmetric scissor deformation vibration. EDAX revealed the presence of elemental Cd and Sn oxides. The antimicrobial studies showed that the CdS-SnS NPs at the concentration of 150 µg/mL, exhibit maximum inhibition (15 ± 1.25 mm) against the strains Proteus mirabilis followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Clostridium spp. Among fungal strains Colletotrichum spp. exhibits the maximum zone of inhibition (9 ± 0.25). This research also observed the cytotoxic effects of CdS-SnS NPs on HepG2 and ZF4 cells. HepG2 cells exhibited 50% inhibition at 50 µg/mL and 70% inhibition at 100 µg/mL concentrations, while ZF4 cells exhibited 50% inhibition at 50 µg/mL and 78% inhibition at 100 µg/mL concentrations, respectively. The parameters like concentration of PHE, concentration of CdS-SnS NPs, pH, and sources of irradiation on batch adsorption were examined to maximize the efficiency of the photodegradation process.


Assuntos
Compostos de Cádmio , Nanopartículas , Fenantrenos , Sulfetos , Luz , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Nanopartículas/química , Fenantrenos/toxicidade
4.
Chemosphere ; 350: 141122, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38184078

RESUMO

A few PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) which are known to be pervasive and are of high priority are found to be detrimental pollutants having high potential in the destruction of the network. Hence, photocatalytic disintegration of these PAHs, namely benzo [a]pyrene, found in water is explored. A novel nanocomposite of Ag-Ni on g-C3N4 was fabricated. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by techniques like UV, XRD, SEM-EDAX, FTIR, and DLS to understand their nature. The activity of the same as a catalyst in the deterioration of the benzopyrene molecule in water was investigated under different conditions including change in the concentration of the PAH, dosage of the catalyst prepared, pH of the reaction mixture, and by changing the source of irradiation. In addition, antibacterial analysis of the prepared nanocomposite material was conducted to determine whether it could be applied to environmental cleanup strategies of high quality.


Assuntos
Grafite , Nanocompostos , Compostos de Nitrogênio , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Prata/química , Benzo(a)pireno , Níquel , Luz , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Nanocompostos/química , Água , Catálise
5.
Environ Res ; 242: 117767, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38029826

RESUMO

The anti-dermatophytic (Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and nephroprotective activities of methanol and aqueous extracts obtained from Lannea coromandelica fruit were investigated through in-vitro (agar well diffusion method) and in-vivo (animal model) study. The methanol extract showed considerable antibacterial activity against selective bacterial pathogens at increased concentration (15.0 mg mL-1) in the following order P. vulgaris (35.2 ± 1.6 mm) > E. aerogenes (32.1 ± 2.1 mm) > K. pneumoniae (29.3±2 mm) > P. acnes (28.2 ± 2.4 mm) > S. aureus (25.5 ± 2.4 mm) > S. pyogenes (24.3 ± 2.1 mm) than aqueous extract. The MIC values of this methanol and aqueous extract was found as 2.5-7.5 mg mL-1 and 5.0 to 1.0 mg mL-1 respectively. Different treatment sets (A-E) on a rat-based animal model study revealed that the methanol extract has excellent antioxidant and nephroprotective activity, as well as favorable effects on essential biochemical substances involved in active metabolic activities. As demonstrated by histopathological and microscopic examination, the biologically active chemical present in methanol extract had a positive effect on serum markers, enzyme, and non-enzyme-based antioxidant activities, as well as lowering the toxicity caused by EG in the rat (as nephroprotective activity) renal cells.


Assuntos
Anacardiaceae , Antioxidantes , Ratos , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Metanol/farmacologia , Frutas , Staphylococcus aureus , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Antibacterianos/toxicidade , Antibacterianos/química , Água
6.
Environ Res ; 242: 117793, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38040176

RESUMO

This research was performed to assess the influence of Cd and Cr metals on growth, pigments, antioxidant, and genomic stability of Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica were investigated under hydroponic conditions. The results revealed that significant metal influence on test crop growth, pigment content, metal stress balancing antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner. Since, while at elevated (500 ppm) concentration of Cd as well as Cr metals the pigment (total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) level was reduced than control; however antioxidant activity (total antioxidant, H2O2, and NO) was considerably improved as protective mechanisms to combat the metal toxicity and support the plant growth. Furthermore, the test crops under typical hydroponic medium (loaded with Cd and Cr as 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm) growth conditions, effectively absorb the metals from medium and accumulated in the root and least quantity was translocated to the shoot of this test crops. Furthermore, typical RAPD analysis with 10 universal primers demonstrated that the genomic DNA of the test crops was adaptable to develop metal resistance and ensure crop growth under increased concentrations (500 ppm) of tested heavy metals. These findings suggest that these edible crops have the ability to accumulate Cd along with Cr metals, and additionally that their genetic systems have the ability to adapt to metal-stressed environments.


Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Oryza , Poluentes do Solo , Cromo/toxicidade , Cromo/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Oryza/genética , Cádmio/toxicidade , Cádmio/análise , Clorofila A/análise , Clorofila A/farmacologia , Hidroponia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Metais Pesados/análise , Produtos Agrícolas , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Poluentes do Solo/análise
7.
Chemosphere ; 343: 140075, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37678601

RESUMO

In this study, a trimetallic nanocomposite comprising Silver Copper-Nickel (Ag-Cu-Ni TNC) was synthesized and analysed for its efficiency in degrading benzene and benzopyrene, which has five fused benzene rings. Fabrication of trimetallic nanocomposites were characterized using UV spectroscopy, FTIR studies, SEM EDAX, and DLS results. XRD confirmed the cubic crystalline Fcc structure of Ag-Cu-Ni TNC. Photocatalytic degradation analysis revealed that Ag-Cu-Ni TNC has the efficient photocatalytic ability, and the optimum condition required for efficient degradation of benzene and benzopyrene was identified as 2 µg/mL of PAH molecule, 10 µg/mL of Ag-Cu-Ni TNC at pH 5, stirring time of 2 h placed under UV light. Based on these optimum conditions, kinetic and isotherm studies were performed, revealing that the adsorption of benzene and benzopyrene by Ag-Cu-Ni TNC fits well with the Pseudo-second order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model. Thus, our study's adsorption of PAH molecule from aqueous solution takes place through chemisorption and involves heterogeneous adsorption phenomena.

8.
Environ Res ; 236(Pt 2): 116749, 2023 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37507040

RESUMO

Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that uses medicinal plants to extract nanoparticles for conventional applications. In the present investigation, the medical plant Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) has used in the synthesis of cobalt (Co) nanoparticles in a cost-effective, feasible process. The efficiency of nanoparticles in removing methyl orange dye was evaluated by analyzing their applications in wastewater treatment. An analysis of the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of Tulsi-mediated Co nanoparticles was conducted to examine their medical application. Morphological analysis of Co nanoparticles showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were in crystal shape with a mean particle size of 110 nm. A batch adsorption study has shown that incubation periods of 5 h, pH 2, temperatures of 70 °C, and adsorbent dosage of 125 µg/mL are optimal for removing methyl orange dye from wastewater. To examine the anti-inflammatory properties of Tulsi-mediated Co nanoparticles, protein denaturation and nitric oxide scavenging assays were performed. The maximum anti-inflammatory response was recorded at a concentration of 250 µg/mL of Co nanoparticles. MTT assays against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were used to evaluate the anti-cancer properties of Co nanoparticles. This study investigates the economical extraction of Co nanoparticles from tulsi and its potential use in wastewater purification and biomedical applications.

9.
Environ Res ; 236(Pt 1): 116747, 2023 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37500035

RESUMO

In the present study, cobalt oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized using the root extract of Curcuma longa in a manner that is both environmentally friendly and economical. Initially, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using a UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis, in which plasma resonance at 345 nm was observed, which confirmed that CL-Cobalt oxide nanoparticles were synthesized. While FTIR analysis showed a peak at 597.37 cm-1 indicating Co-O stretching vibration. In addition, DLS, SEM and XRD analyses confirmed the synthesis of polydispersed (average size distribution of 97.5 ± 35.1 nm), cubic phase structure, and spherical-shaped CL-Cobalt oxide nanoparticles. CL-Cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized from green materials showed antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. CL-Cobalt oxide nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) and Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), while CL-Cobalt oxide nanoparticles additionally displayed significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. CL-Cobalt oxide also showed application in a bioremediation perspective by showing strong photocatalytic degradation of methyl red, methyl orange and methyl blue dye. In addition, CL-Cobalt oxide also demonstrated anticancer activity against MDA-MB-468 cancer cell lines with an IC50 value of 150.8 µg/ml. Therefore, this is the first and foremost report on CL-Cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Curcuma longa showing antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, dye degradation and anticancer applications.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antifúngicos , Curcuma , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier
10.
Environ Res ; 236(Pt 1): 116748, 2023 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37500041

RESUMO

Rapid and sustainable green technology was implemented in the current study to fabricated Ti nanoparticles. The vegetable ginger with the scientific name Zingiber officinale was employed as a biological source in the fabrication process of nanoparticles. The optical, structural, morphological, and particle size of the fabricated Ti nanoparticles were characterized with the help of UV-visible absorption spectrum, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrum, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis, DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) technique and XRD (X-ray powder diffraction) crystallography technique. The presence of spherical-shaped Ti nanoparticles with an average particle size of 93 nm was confirmed based on these characterization techniques. The anti-cancer properties of the Z. officinale mediated Ti nanoparticles were analyzed through MTT assay against cell lines MCF-7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) and concentration-dependent anti-cancer properties were observed. The anti-inflammatory capacity of the Z. officinale mediated Ti nanoparticles were examined through protein denaturation and nitric oxide scavenging assay. The antioxidant capacity of the Z. officinale mediated Ti nanoparticles were examined through DPPH assay, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) analysis. The fabricated Ti nanoparticles exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity in a concentration-dependent pattern.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas , Zingiber officinale , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Zingiber officinale/química , Antibacterianos/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Titânio/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier
11.
Environ Res ; 236(Pt 1): 116718, 2023 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37481060

RESUMO

In ancient times, herbal plants were considered one of the greatest gifts from nature that human beings could receive, and about 80% of these plants have medicinal uses. In traditional medicine, Mentha arvensis, commonly known as mint, has many applications, and in the present study, the mint leaf extract has been used to synthesis nanoparticles using the mint leaf extract as a biosource for the extraction of nanoparticles. In addition to having a wide range of applications in various fields, calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles are also considered to be safe for human use. In order to assess the characteristics of the abstracted CaO nanoparticles, UV-visible absorption spectrophotometers, Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometers (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEMs), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and X-ray Diffraction Spectrophotometers (XRDs) were used. By conducting a protein denaturation assay and nitric oxide scavenging assay, mint leaf mediated CaO nanoparticles were evaluated for their therapeutic applications. MTT assays were used to prove that the CaO nanoparticles mediated by mint leaf had anti-cancer properties. By examining the ability of mint leaf mediated CaO nanoparticles to degrade various dyes such as methyl red, methyl orange, and methylene blue, which are the most used azo dyes in textile industries resulting in water contamination, the ability of these nanoparticles to act as a photocatalytic agent was examined.


Assuntos
Mentha , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Nanopartículas , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Corantes , Difração de Raios X , Anti-Inflamatórios , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Antibacterianos
12.
Environ Res ; 232: 116291, 2023 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37276971

RESUMO

This research was performed to evaluate physico-chemical properties of farmland soil nearby the magnesite mine site. Unexpectedly, few physico-chemical properties were crossing the acceptable limits. Particularly, the quantities of Cd (112.34 ± 3.25), Pb (386.42 ± 11.71), Zn (854.28 ± 3.53), and Mn (2538 ± 41.11) were crossing the permissible limits. Among 11 bacterial cultures isolated from the metal contaminated soil, 2 isolates names as SS1 and SS3 showed significant multi-metal tolerance up to the concentration of 750 mg L-1. Furthermore, these strains also showed considerable metal mobilization as well as absorption ability on metal contaminated soil under in-vitro conditions. In a short duration of treatment, these isolates effectively mobilize and absorb the metals from the polluted soil. The results obtained from the greenhouse investigation with Vigna mungo revealed that the among various treatment (T1 to T5) groups, the T3 (V. mungo + SS1+SS3) showed remarkable phytoremediation potential (Pb: 50.88, Mn: 152, Cd: 14.54, and Zn: 67.99 mg kg-1) on metal contaminated soil. Furthermore, these isolates influence the growth as well as biomass of V. mungo under greenhouse conditions on metal contaminated soil. These findings suggest that combining multi-metal tolerant bacterial isolates can improve the phytoextraction efficiency of V. mungo on metal-contaminated soil.


Assuntos
Herpestidae , Metais Pesados , Poluentes do Solo , Vigna , Animais , Biodegradação Ambiental , Solo/química , Cádmio/análise , Vigna/metabolismo , Herpestidae/metabolismo , Chumbo , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Agricultura , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Metais Pesados/análise
13.
Environ Res ; 231(Pt 1): 116074, 2023 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37150391

RESUMO

The starch is one of the most essential food stuff and serves as a raw material for number of food products for the welfare of human. During the production process enormous volume of effluents are being released into the environment. In this regard, this study was performed to evaluate the physicochemical traits of Manihot esculenta processing effluent and possible sustainable approach to treat this issue using Eichhornia crassipes based biochar. The standard physicochemical properties analysis revealed that the most the parameters (EC was recorded as 4143.17 ± 67.12 mhom-1, TDS: 5825.62 ± 72.14 mg L-1, TS: 7489.21 ± 165.24 mg L-1, DO: 2.12 ± 0.21 mg L-1, BOD 2673.74 ± 153.53 mg L-1, COD: 6672.66 ± 131.21 mg L-1, and so on) were beyond the permissible limits and which can facilitate eutrophication. Notably, the DO level was considerably poor and thus can support the eutrophication. The trouble causing E. crassipes biomass was used as raw material for biochar preparation through pyrolysis process. The temperature ranging from 250 to 350 °C with residence time of 20-60 min were found as suitable temperature to provide high yield (56-33%). Furthermore, 10 g L-1 concentration of biochar showed maximum pollutant adsorption than other concentrations (5 g L-1 and 15 g L-1) from 1 L of effluent. The suitable temperature required to remediate the pollutants from the effluent by biochar was found as 45 °C and 35 °C at 10 g L-1 concentration. These results conclude that at such optimized condition, the E. crassipes effectively adsorbed most of the pollutants from the M. esculenta processing effluent. Furthermore, such pollutants adsorption pattern on biochar was confirmed by SEM analysis.


Assuntos
Eichhornia , Poluentes Ambientais , Manihot , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Humanos , Eichhornia/química , Adsorção , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
14.
Environ Res ; 231(Pt 2): 116078, 2023 08 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37182832

RESUMO

Nannochloropsis microalgae biochar has become increasingly attractive due to its potential as a component of microalgae-based biodiesel blends. This biochar is a by-product of the pyrolysis process, but its use in the energy sector has been limited. In this study, pellets were formed using microalgae residues and their physiochemical properties were analyzed to assess the feasibility of using microalgae biochar as a fuel source. Three types of biomasses, namely date seed dust, coconut shell waste, and microalgae biochar, were utilized to produce fuel pellets. These pellets were categorized into three types, B1, B2, and B3, based on the composition of the biomass. The inclusion of microalgae biochar in the pellets resulted in enhanced calorific value, as well as improved heating value and bulk density. Moreover, the mechanical strength of microalgae-based pellets was higher due to their high lignin content compared to another biomass. The moisture absorption test results showed that the use of mixed biomass reduced the moisture content over an extended period. Microalgae pellets exhibited higher young's modulus and greater impact resistance, indicating greater mechanical strength. Furthermore, due to their higher calorific value, the combustion time of microalgae pellets was greater than that of other biomass. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that microalgae biochar can be a promising alternative fuel source for the energy sector.


Assuntos
Microalgas , Biomassa , Pirólise , Micro-Ondas
15.
Environ Res ; 231(Pt 1): 116059, 2023 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37149019

RESUMO

Petroleum-based polymers have raised significant environmental concerns. It is critical to create compostable, good biocompatibility, and nontoxic polymers to replace petroleum-based polymers. Thus, this research was performed to extract the gelatin from fish waste cartilage and coated it over the surface of spherical shaped pre-synthesized ZnNPs along with a suitable plasticizer to produce the biodegradable film. The presence of gelatin on the surface of ZnNPs was first confirmed using UV-visible spectrophotometers, as well as the characteristic functional groups involved in the coating were investigated using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphological appearance of gelatin coated ZnNPs was ranged from 41.43 to 52.31 nm, the shape was found as platonic to pentagonal shape, and the fabricated film was observed through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The thickness, density, and tensile strength of fabricated film were found to be 0.04-0.10 mm, 0.10-0.27 g/cm3, and 31.7 kPa. These results imply that the fish waste cartilage gelatin coated ZnNPs-based nanocomposite can be used for film preparation as well as a wrapper for food and pharmaceutical packaging.


Assuntos
Gelatina , Embalagem de Produtos , Animais , Gelatina/química , Resistência à Tração , Biopolímeros , Alimentos , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos
16.
Environ Res ; 231(Pt 3): 116275, 2023 08 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37257743

RESUMO

Untreated tannery effluent discharge, which causes severe environmental pollution. This research was performed to assess the bioremediation (multi-pollutant adsorption) potential of pre-identified and multi metal tolerant Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubigenesis through a stirred tank bioreactor in free and immobilized form. Physicochemical property analysis results showed that most of the tannery effluent properties were beyond the permissible limits. These A. niger and A. tubigenesis effectively immobilized on corncob and coir solid support material. The stirred tank bioreactor based bioremediation study revealed that the fungal biomass (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubigenesis) immobilized coir and corncob material demonstrated remarkable multi-pollutant (TSS: 22.5% & 13.5%, TS: 29% & 22%, BOD: 21% & 10%, TDS: 28% & 19%, COD: 30% & 22%, Cr: 27% & 19%, Cu: 28% & 12%, and Pb: 48% & 29% respectively) adsorption potential in a week of treatment. Moreover, it reduced the toxicity of tannery effluent and promotes the sprouting of Oriza sativa seeds, as demonstrated by petri plate bioassay. These finding suggest that the metal-tolerant fungal isolates A. niger and A. tubigenesis demonstrated impressive bioremediation proficiencies in an immobilized state. A field investigation is required to assess the feasibility of this strategy on tannery effluent.


Assuntos
Aspergillus niger , Poluentes Ambientais , Biodegradação Ambiental , Biomassa
17.
Environ Res ; 229: 115985, 2023 07 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37116681

RESUMO

The purpose of this research was to look into the spectral categorization of fraction 7a from the Cymodocea serrulata ethyl acetate extract employing 1H as well as 13C NMR and FTIR techniques. Besides this, the antifungal (Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata), antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities were also determined through in-vitro studies. Surprisingly, the 1H and 13C NMR analyses revealed that fraction 7a contains the most aliphatic and the least aromatic compounds. FTIR analysis revealed that the test fraction 7a contains the most active functional groups related to alkanes, phenols, esters, and amide groups. At a dosage of 500 µg mL-1, the fraction 7a does have outstanding antifungal activity against fungal pathogens such as Candida tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, and C. glabrata. The results suggest that the fraction 7a does have excellent anti-candida activity against candidiasis-causing fungal pathogens. This fraction 7a also demonstrated fine dose dependent antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Candida , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
18.
Environ Res ; 231(Pt 1): 115962, 2023 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37119839

RESUMO

The search for natural therapeutic agents has intensified due to their potential to treat various diseases. Bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytes offer high therapeutic profiles and can be mass-produced after optimizing medium parameters and purification. This investigation aimed to maximize crude pigmented secondary metabolite (CPSM) production from Curvularia australiensis FC2AP by optimizing fermentation conditions statistically. The endophytic fungus produced a maximum yield of 8.81 UL/g from biomass using Sabouraud's Dextrose Broth. After screening essential factors, the Plackett-Burman design was used for factorial optimization, and the Box Behnken design was employed to investigate three significant factors. The final CPSM yield was 12.3 UL/g, approximately 4-fold higher than the preliminary growth medium. Chromatographic purification using a gradient solvent system resulted in six fractions, with the fourth fraction demonstrating the highest bioactivity profile. Structural characterization confirmed this fraction to be a dimer of epicatechin, which has anti-cancer properties, as confirmed through in vivo studies on Sprague Dawley rats. This is the first report of a epicatechin dimer produced from C. australiensis.


Assuntos
Catequina , Ratos , Animais , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Curvularia , Fermentação , Fungos
19.
Environ Res ; 229: 115973, 2023 07 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37088318

RESUMO

The present study explores natural pigments as sustainable alternatives to synthetic textile dyes. Due to their therapeutic applications and easy production, fungal pigments have gained attention. However, data on pigment production using solid-state fermentation and optimization is limited. Milk whey was used to grow Talaromyces sp., followed by an evaluation of pigment production in solid and liquid media. Pineapple peels were used as a cost-effective substrate for pigment production, and a one-factor-at-a-time approach was used to enhance pigment production. Pineapple peel-based media produced 0.523 ± 0.231 mg/g of pigment after eight days of incubation. The crude pigment had promising antibacterial and significant antioxidant properties. The extraction fungal pigment's possible use as an eco-friendly textile dye was assessed through fabric dyeing experiments with different mordants. This work contributes to the valorization of agricultural waste and provides insight into using fungal pigments as sustainable alternatives to synthetic textile dyes.


Assuntos
Ananas , Talaromyces , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Antioxidantes , Corantes/química , Antibacterianos , Têxteis
20.
Chemosphere ; 323: 138179, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36849022

RESUMO

In this study, aqueous and methanol extracts of Morinda coreia (MC) leaves were tested for antioxidant and antibacterial activity under in vitro conditions. Phytochemical analysis using UPLC-ESI-MS revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, amino acids, proteins, saponins, and tannins. Under in vitro conditions, antioxidant test using DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power demonstrated that the plant leaves play a crucial role in antioxidant activity compared to the commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activities showed that the IC50 values of the M. coreia methanol extract were 26.35 µg/mL and 200.23 µg/mL, respectively. The methanol extract of M. coreia contained higher levels of total phenols and flavonoids and higher free radical scavenging capacity than the aqueous extract. FTIR analysis of the methanol extract showed a substantial number of phenols in the functional groups of M. coreia leaves. The well diffusion assay using the methanolic extract of M. coreia (200 µg/mL) leaves showed antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19 ± 0.85 mm), Proteus sp. (20 ± 0.97 mm), Streptococcus sp. (21 ± 1.29 mm), and Enterobacter sp. (17 ± 0.2 mm). Thus, the present study revealed that the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of M. coreia leaf extract was due to the presence of 18 unknown and 15 primary known polyphenols.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Morinda , Antioxidantes/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Metanol , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Flavonoides/análise , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fenóis/análise , Radicais Livres , Folhas de Planta/química
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