Mechanisms of Action And Clinical Implications of MicroRNAs in the Drug Resistance of Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive systems worldwide, with high recurrence and mortality. Chemotherapy is still the standard treatment option for GC and can effectively improve the survival and life quality of GC patients. However, with the emergence of drug resistance, the clinical application of chemotherapeutic agents has been seriously restricted in GC patients. Although the mechanisms of drug resistance have been broadly investigated, they are still largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large group of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) widely involved in the occurrence and progression of many cancer types, including GC. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that miRNAs may play crucial roles in the development of drug resistance by regulating some drug resistance-related proteins as well as gene expression. Some also exhibit great potential as novel biomarkers for predicting drug response to chemotherapy and therapeutic targets for GC patients. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in miRNAs and focus on their molecular mechanisms in the development of drug resistance in GC progression. We also highlight the potential of drug resistance-related miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC patients.

Simulation of surface runoff control effect by permeable pavement.

Permeable pavement (PP) can be used to decrease urban surface runoff. However, few studies have been conducted to explore the runoff reduction effect of various structures of PP in the carriageway. In this study, several structures of PP used in the carriageway of sponge cities in China were investigated and divided into three types: surface drainage, base course storage and drainage, and fully permeable. Then, the runoff models were developed by Storm Water Management Model to simulate the effect of the three types under various rainfall recurrence periods. Results show that rainfall recurrence period, structure and thickness of the permeable layer were identified as the most influential factors in PP runoff reduction. The surface drainage can reduce total runoff depth and coefficient by more than 14%, and also delay runoff start time and duration by more than 40 minutes. Surface runoff in the base course storage and drainage can only be generated when recurrence period is 50 years. The fully permeable does not generate any runoff under all recurrence periods. Based on simulation results, a series of runoff coefficient values for PP were recommended to help the design and implementation of PP in mitigating urban waterlogging problems.

Design, expression and characterization of single chain Fv, Mms13 and the single chain Fv­mms13 fusion protein.

Single chain Fv (scFv) antibodies are attractive as tumor-targeting vehicles due to their smaller size compared with intact antibody molecules. Mms13 is a putative membrane anchor protein of magnetosome. The present study fused the scFV gene of type Ⅳ collagenase to mms13 using the splicing by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction technique. The genes of scFv, mms13 and the scFv-mms13 fusion gene were cloned into a pET30a(+) vector to construct pET30a(+)-scFv, pET30a(+)-mms13 and pET30a(+)-scFv-mms13 expression vectors. The three protein compositions were confirmed by DNA sequencing and western blot analysis, and their cellular locations were determined using SDS-PAGE. The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunofluorescence demonstrated that the ScFv and ScFv-mms13 fusion proteins bound to the type Ⅳ collagenase and the antigen-associated cancer cells SMMC-7721, MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, in a dose-dependent and saturable manner. Although the immunoreactivities of ScFv-mms13 to the type Ⅳ collagenase and associated tumor cells were marginally lower than the corresponding scFv (3G11), considerable binding ability to the antigen by ScFv-mms13 remained.

[Analysis on the effects of hepatitis B vaccine to prevent mother-to-children transmission of hepatitis B virus in Shunyi District of Beijing Municipal].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of immunization strategy about Hepatitis B vaccine preventing mother-to-children transmission (MTCT)of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Shun Yi District of Beijing. METHODS: The supervision data of blood serum of the children born from mothers who HBsAg carrier or HBsAg and HBeAg carrier were collected during the years of 2005-2008. The positive rate of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and the protective rate were analyzed. RESULTS: 223 children born from mothers of HBsAg and HBeAg carrier or HBsAg carrier were vaccinated according to the Hepatitis B vaccine immunigation strategy of Beijing. The infective rate of HBV was 1.18%, and protective rate of HepB was 98.61%. The infective rate of HBV of the children born from mothers of HBsAg and HBeAg carrier was higher than the rate of the children born from mothers of HBsAg carrier. The positive rate of anti-HBs was 84.71%. There were statistics significance in different years. The GMC of anti-HBs was 139.32 mIU per mL. The anti-HBs GMC of 2007 and 2008 were higher than those of 2005 and 2006. The anti-HBs GMC of the children who HBIG adopted was higher than that of the children who HBIG did not adopted. CONCLUSION: The Hepatitis B vaccine immunization strategy of Shun Yi District had good immunological and protective effects to prevent HBV perinatal transmission.